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What Is Data-2

Data is distinct pieces of information that are measured, collected, and analyzed. Raw data is unprocessed information that requires cleaning to remove errors. Data can be generated by humans, machines, or human-machine combinations and stored in structured or unstructured formats. There are two main types of data: categorical data which has defined categories like gender or marital status, and numerical data which can be discrete like number of children or continuous like weight or voltage. Data is important because it helps with decision making, problem solving, performance evaluation, process improvement, and understanding consumers and markets.

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Shobha Kumari Choudhary
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47 views2 pages

What Is Data-2

Data is distinct pieces of information that are measured, collected, and analyzed. Raw data is unprocessed information that requires cleaning to remove errors. Data can be generated by humans, machines, or human-machine combinations and stored in structured or unstructured formats. There are two main types of data: categorical data which has defined categories like gender or marital status, and numerical data which can be discrete like number of children or continuous like weight or voltage. Data is important because it helps with decision making, problem solving, performance evaluation, process improvement, and understanding consumers and markets.

Uploaded by

Shobha Kumari Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What is Data ?

 According to the Oxford “Data is distinct pieces of information, usually formatted


in a special way”.
Data is measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, whereupon it is often
visualized using graphs, images or other analysis tools. Raw data (“unprocessed
data”) may be a collection of numbers or characters before it’s been “cleaned” and
corrected by researchers. It must be corrected so that we can remove outliers,
instrument or data entry errors. Data processing commonly occurs by stages, and
therefore the “processed data” from one stage could also be considered the “raw
data” of subsequent stage. Field data is data that’s collected in an uncontrolled “in
situ” environment. Experimental data is the data that is generated within the
observation of scientific investigations.
Data can be generated by:
 Humans
 Machines
 Human-Machine combines.
It can often generated anywhere where any information is generated and stored in
structured or unstructured formats.
Why data is important ?
 Data helps in make better decisions.
 Data helps in solve problems by finding the reason for underperformance.
 Data helps one to evaluate the performance.
 Data helps one improve processes.
 Data helps one understand consumers and the market.
Types of Data:
Generally data can be classified into two parts:
1. Categorial Data:
In categorical data we see the data which have a defined category, for
example:
 Marital Status
 Political Party
 Eye colour
2. Numerical Data:
Numerical data can further be classified into two categories:
 Discrete Data:
Discrete data contains the data which have discrete numerical
values for example Number of Children, Defects per Hour etc.
 Continuous Data:
Continuous data contains the data which have continuous
numerical values for example Weight, Voltage etc.
At advanced level, we can further classify the data into four parts:
1. Nominal Scale:
A nominal scale classifies data into several distinct categories in which no
ranking criteria is implied. For example Gender, Marital Status.
2. Ordinary Scale:
An ordinal scale classifies data into distinct categories during which
ranking is implied For example:
 Faculty rank : Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant
Professor
 Students grade : A, B, C, D.E.F
3. Interval scale:
An interval scale may be an ordered scale during which the difference
between measurements is a meaningful quantity but the measurements
don’t have a true zero point. For example:
 Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius.
 Years
4. Ratio scale:
A ratio scale may be an ordered scale during which the difference between
the measurements is a meaningful quantity and therefore the
measurements have a true zero point. Hence, we can perform arithmetic
operations on real scale data. For example : Weight, Age, Salary etc.

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