MODULE 5 .
HUMAN RIGHTS
1. What is UN Charter?
The Charter of the United Nations represents a significant advancement as
to human right is concerned. This signing of the United Nations Charter
incorporates several provisions concerning human rights.
Objectives;
Maintain worldwide peace and security., Developing relations among
nations, fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic,
social, cultural or humanitarian problems.
3. What is UNESCO?
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
(UNESCO) were established on 4th November 1946. It was the result of a
conference held at London for the establishment of an educational,
scientific and cultural organisation.
4. What is UNICEF?
The United Nations Children’s Fund was created by the General Assembly
of United Nations on 11 december 1946. It was created to provide
emergency food and health care to children and mothers in countries that
had been devastated by world war II.
5. What is WHO?
World Health Organisation is the united nation specialized agency for
health. It was established on april 7, 1948. It is celebrated as the world
health day.
6. What is ILO?
International Labour Organisation was founded 1919 as a specialized
agency of UN. ILO treaties are called as international labour laws.
8. What is Right to Education Act (RTE)?
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to
Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4
August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and
compulsory education for children between 6 and
Act is to ensure that each child in India receives quality elementary
education irrespective of their economic or caste background; this includes
children who are forced to drop out of school.
9. What is NHRC?
14 in India under Article 21a of the Indian Constitution. objective of the
RTE;
TheNHRCis theNational Human Rights Commissionof India, responsible
for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined by the Act as
"Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual
guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants
and enforceable by courts in India.
PART B (5 marks)
1. What are the contributions of UN Charter?
• To maintain international peace and security
• To protect human rights
• To deliver humanitarian aid
• To promote sustainable development
• Uphold international law
2. Explain the organs of United Nations
• The UN general assembly
• Security council
• Economic and social council
• Trusteeship council
• International court of justice
• Secretariat
3. What are the principles of declaration of rights of the children?
• Right to equality, right to special protection to child’s health, adequate
nutrition,
understanding and love by parents and society, free education, protection
against
all forms of neglect
4. What are the rights of minority?
Equality before law, prohibition of discrimination, equality of opportunity,
protection of
life and personal liberty, freedom to manage religious affairs,
6. How we protect our environment?
Growing own food, spending some time for a garden, cutting down energy
use, use only reusable water bottles, choose local produce, use a natural
sunscreen, use eco – friendly bags, plant a tree, hosting an event to clean
and beautify some area.
7. Explain the powers of NHRC.
The Commission shall, while inquiring into complaints under this Act, have
all the powers of a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908, and in particular in respect of the following matters,
namely :
(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of witnesses and examining
them on oath; (b) discovery and production of any document;
(c) receiving evidence on affidavits;
(d) requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office;
(e) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents;
(f) any other matter which may be prescribed
(2) The Commission shall have power to require any person, subject to any
privilege which may be claimed by that person under any law for the time
being in force, to furnish information on such points or matters as, in the
opinion of the Commission, may be useful for, or relevant to, the subject
matter of the inquiry and any person so required shall be deemed to be
legally bound to furnish such information within the meaning of section 176
and section 177 of the Indian Penal Code.
(3) The Commission or any other officer, not below the rank of a Gazetted
Officer, specially authorised in this behalf by the Commission may enter
any building or place where the Commission has reason to believe that any
document relating to the subject matter of the inquiry may be found,
and may seize any such document or take extracts or copies therefrom
subject to the provisions of section 100 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973, in so far as it may be applicable.
(4) The Commission shall be deemed to be a civil court and when any
offence as is described in section 175, section 178, section 179, section
180 or section 228 of the Indian Penal Code is committed in the view or
presence of the Commission, the Commission may, after recording the
facts
constituting the offence and the statement of the accused as provided for in
the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, forward the case to a Magistrate
having jurisdiction to try the same and the Magistrate to whom any such
case is forwarded shall proceed to hear the complaint against the accused
as if the case has been forwarded to him under section 346 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
(5) Every proceeding before the Commission shall be deemed to be a
judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228, and for the
purposes of section 196, of the Indian Penal Code, and the Commission
shall be deemed to be a civil court for all the purposes of section 195 .
(6) Where the Commission considers it necessary or expedient so to do, it
may, by order, transfer any complaint filed or pending before it to the State
Commission of the State from which the complaint arises, for disposal in
accordance with the provisions of this Act; Provided that no such complaint
shall be transferred unless the same is one respecting which the State
Commission has jurisdiction to entertain the same.
(7) Every complaint transferred under sub-section(6) shall be dealt with and
disposed of by the State Commission as if it were a complaint initially filed
before it.
PART C (15 marks)
1. Explain the agencies / organs of UN to protect Human Rights
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation
(UNESCO)
• United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
• World Health Organisation (WHO)
• International Labour Organisation (ILO)
2. What is human rights? And explain fundamental rights.
Fundamental rights – right to equality, right to freedom, right against
exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights,
right to constitutional rights.
3. Explain the rights of children and women.
Rights to women – article 15 (1) – no discriminate on the ground of sex
article 15 (3) – state make affirmative discrimination in favour of women
article 23 (1) – prohibits traffic in human being
article 39 (a) – right to adequate mean of livelihood
article 39 (d) – equal pay for equal work
article 42 – securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity
relief
article 243-D(3) – 1/3 of total seats in panchayat reserved for women.
article 243-T(3) – 1/3 of total seats in MUNCIPALITY reserved for women
LEGAL RIGHTS TO WOMEN;
Protection of women from Domestic Violence Act
Immoral traffic (prevention ) act
Indecent representation (prevention ) act
Commission of sati (prevention ) act
Dowry prohibition act
Maternity benefit act
Medical termination of pregnancy act
RIGHTS OF CHILDREN;
Prohibition of child marriage act
Child labour (prohibition and regulation ) act
Right to education
Child trafficking
The protection of children from sexual offences act (POSCO) Act
Juvenile justice act
4. Rights of SC, ST OBC
Abolishes untouchability, promote special care the economic and
educational interest towards weaker section of society, special provision for
their advancement, reservation,
5. What is industrial pollution? Explain its causes and effects
Industrial pollution refers to all types of pollutions caused by industrial
activities causing water contamination, release of toxins into soil and the air
and environmental disasters. Causes – unplanned industrial growth, lack of
effective policies, using old and outdated technologies, over exploitation of
natural resources, improper disposal of waste.
Effects – water pollution, air pollution, global warming.
6. Explain main contents of Gadgil Committee Report on the Western
Ghats.
Madhav Gadgil an famous ecologist – assigned to submit a report on
western ghats head of Western Ghats Ecological Expert Panel (WGEEP) –
submit the report on govt on 31 Aug. 2011 – western ghats is a sensitive
area – divide as 3 zones based on ecological sensitivity ESZ1, ESZ2,
ESZ3
7. What are the recommendations of Ghadgil Committee?
Ban plastic within 3 years, Public land should not be used for private
purposes, Green building code, Water resource conservation plan, Forest
land should not be taken for other uses, Roads and constructions only after
study of environmental consequences., Red and orange industries not
allowed, Ban chemical fertilizers, Large scale mining prohibited.
8. Write an essay on Fundamental rights and Indian Constituition.
Articles 12-35 of Indian Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights. These
human rights are conferred upon the citizens of India for the Constitution
tells that these rights are inviolable. Right to Life, Right to Dignity, Right to
Education etc. all come under one of the six main fundamental rights.
Fundamental rights are a very important topic in the polity section of the
UPSC exam. It is a basic static portion of the syllabus but it is highly
dynamic in the sense that it is featured in the daily news in some form or
the other. The fundamental rights are:
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies
9. Explain the HR about protection of SC/ST, BC and minorities.
The constitution of India has prescribed protection of SC/ST AND other
weaker section with the objective to promote education and economic
interest and removing the social disabilities.SC/ST are those castes/race in
the country that suffer from extreme social educational and economic
backwardness arising out of age old practice of untouchability.
Constitutional mechanism for upliftment of sc/st and obc
Article 17 abolishes untouchability
Article 46 requires the state to promote the special care the educational
and economic interest of the weaker sections of the people.
Article 335 provide that claims of the member of sc st obc shall take into
consideration in the making of appointments to services and posts in
connection with the affairs of the union or state.
Article 15(a) refers to the special provision for their advancement.
