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* ae Stoucture % Al Short notes
ole oe sion.
«Mass of i
¥e 2 VIO? —
s6FXI
Oo cahia.-) @-y charge
om > MAS:
@im satio of & 15 4S xiF Cig # this
4S constant fos all cases.
BQ cakio of P*(paorony is depend on nature
° As,
Bq atio cf NCneutron) is Zevo
@Radius gh N Nuceous of Dif? Ret metals,
\. 4x10" at :
Re = 4 Atomic Mass of metal foil
# Raho of 2 diFF Atom nudleous radius.
CE) - (Ar 5
(Cn) ~ | Aa. .
#&Nolume ff ee eous -*
Ey oy a (4x10 As)>s Sar( axig?)KA
pea Nudleous -.
SO} Pose a:
m= 10 Fem = Lf
+ Radius of Atom -; .
19'% = 10° Sem = Hen
xSpeed of Light -!
S* 10 MTs
Planck's constant Ch)-)
6-63 X10 45/5
*«4AenN Celectron volt) .
1.6 x0"? soule.
aw damy -: a,
\-66%10 a etl
£103 sem Sy OP
“Sai ft " haa KAT ‘qde= 22K x10 3¢
k
a 4?
mesg? fae EE] 2 Satoenic No. alereah
Coe falinte TC CRED | Keconstant: 9x10
» (ate!
oe) _ASS( ‘oles re
ae zsotope. ~ ms having Same NO. of Pavtons.
ae, 36
Pain rc 8
bx Tso ~ Elements having Some Moss. NO.
| yf n ne ee teria
' m
Sotone 2 Elemen avi same
x 150 ee "9 (A-2) = | czy 2-6 = 62 Same (A-2) NO of
e fe 1s? A =) US 2G upon
\\ Bescecrron! ieee Same Number of electrons
[ & {v0 Ney H,0 7 10e } Ne >We" ‘A '
No. of Atoms a electrons
K ISOStENS —" SP fae ies) Sates
Ae hans aa opto | eed sor
qgodiaphets -' elements Rc Game NO. of | A221
! =) Locutton = Pcoten] 3" Ke NO! Same ho”
=) ue mae Fe 2) P2'0 BP=1210 } y=) P=9 B-Peleg
10 ,
ace. wet 2g
= \2 aM Photon fight pathele F
ts Which are
ah sma) small energ packel
PAR Aecu satan Photon). each qucinta have energy. GE)
ae 5 Cy speed of Nayht
a Ee mh » sequenc | AW, wavelength,
iY y plan's coe eae anta js a intrigal
Pea HDS ° ey i J
oF quanta yeigqo! os
oF BT, Eee) 3,4,---
RE XY Rees im #meqohive > +2
al
os] (Gree) poten = e Energy ea * (Eo 7
Ee Will emitte with
RE = (hv - Fok]
#cose2 “TV =%] {hye wot
e pelt) erae with
5
sia ft
e7 will not pike”
ne
rency of incident photon
5 7 Energy OF photon increases,
KE oF ev will increases,
NO. of emitted EF will sam AER Oe theory — ene eraser tie ud
AF Bohe's theowy [very Trp] @
Bohr's Momic Crmodel) only “applicable for single elector
Species, a2 tS
res He Het, wes ~ eke,
de Bs se Re
—1 atom consist -){ _s ucleous (pn) =) 10!
osm \)) ) | __s Extra Nudleous port Ce") =) 16!
j di | 4 Energy level oe obit (m)
ets NO6g mA * Theis ave many ovbits.
NE Par 2 vevolve pel only those OT level ov
OM = ),2,3, Re obit which nave pee las eothy
+0 SS hy mn
eae Friclenal/negative. ce i Intregal munkple of i
KRadius f atom Sn = 0.524 x mA enecg a (Eyal Ta
e : Ze 10. ol
yr 10M Syatomic ne. of spe
ae x oc “wat Obit Ka_NO. Question
WPosbit oF z a ar tear aT Sr n21
enesgy lene} Suppose DzraT a;
Cased = Relation bw Radius of two different owbit in same
me + Radias of Petes ne (om)
of twod panel
ha, energy level ae (Ce
aay HRadius of H-akom 15 called as Bohss |
ayy Radius , denoted by Ao 2 0529 A \
cace a =) Ratio of vadius of ™, “hm, Mz, ---. OwbITS
a :
ee ay Gontstn, 7 (Goes Go, Na: nyt
case B=) Raho of vadius of two different atvms/species
42
zn, i * my, nN, Ba
%, pa. om, = me Zz istonce blo ob and My ,
~. distance dbehveen ovbit (n,) 40 ovbit(n,)
2
de Tt s 289 [oft]
oe
+, should greater than Fn, because distance
cannot We Yeqetive.
Eo : ac Raho of civcumPerence of two bob's otbits.
| fr. BH
cixcumPerence
of civcle = ONT
¥ Tota) Sassy of Jsevelving elects.
. - % x * Total energy e es potential E + kineHc E
“kere, -Kze*
y “PE of c= “ oe
Perttopens ze-
~ 2 eo
x. > 1 feTotal Energy = = aoa
formal Peal Baers Se aloue és eV /ator |
“te “per fos 2-1Z-6 Seaton xn
mE
ATE of & im {Soule /mole} = -al x ez Soule /mnole
ATER A & Eo a
ra aa =13.6 rf ar
ik possible TE of © For Hato =) qe ev/akon
\‘* Possible TE of e fos an any aboon
Ogee Stale > N= =u
@xexcited state } N= 241
oxte ye Ye Yaad kar io
Kuch sama, aaye a
aaye"
on! Or) of e ec leva)
i | Gienine eneca eve s 3 Nuckous
. | Hay a Jeaction Force Bl
| k-Second excited
G skate m= 3
} Bs Fores Teretel Energy requipedt,
| Tontsathon energy Ee =
JR pee es Energy =|T.€ of n™oobit|
G'S onisaton Energy nikal ne ke Lie
z TE of & in nM ovbit Nikalo
| As?" © Uska Mod Lelo matlab Usko
| Positive Kar alo,"
© 3a)
Trek exci ted
stake mia i (C3)
VRelation of TE of dit ;
eo en of diff owbits
ey Rey
ce tn, ¢ yapth
. ee ™ Atomic 5 or it
ee Ma. Me Masse, “NETS
i every
»)
| De Gana ee sn ey
photog ec" Buz min. enes:
By siey ea aS Sha orbit
change Kar, saktq a
WE symp lower osbdit to high
ovkit by alosorbbing energy o
Photon.”
*En,= -15 6xze eV/atom
1
fh En, a lsae a ev foto
4\E,—En IAG a
NE move Tor nN, tom,
by absovbing photons
edeTgy AED and Wis
energy is S\En eh?
1 Value of AE is always
Positive” és '
Aros Pe sump From higher ovbit (n,) +O
jower ostit Cm.) Then, e Please Photon of BE
energy and that emengy is equal +o | En- En, ne
% Energy of rdesed photon = AE= hY=he = 12 2 rw
[ “34 P h (652 ter|
4 ao — J
* = < GY Py 4 “1g
n i 15.6xZ[1.-d5] et-0x
Foomulg use at \FNETOSRY of ei) 2 ITTF otbit in Same Atom,
BIZ Ac frm we
Time required to
complete. | round
J}, ef orbit for ce}
ae] 3
ET = 1B X 165 %, Sec.
“Ha, Ar ue
os
Photon Sy ar ar
Bi, errtha arg da)
Unit KQ Special Fave —Zaro}”” pratima Herutiee j
Arran. of different wovelength in increasing of decreqsing oxder
cr Sn as Specteum,
oe Sumtight (ight source) + eet Cn alc! sp ecteyrn,
Pee eye a Te)
Va eoeniG yo rays HeHIYs attra, yi istbole afia-td Micro Pasig,
> _y Accanged in increasing pres pele 3
decreasing oscler of Frequency.
#Visible prac
Region Ww [= ee ie rc! i 0 [8 A £3800 -7e00 A}
vibiet sedig Blue Green Yaiow orange Add
Arranged in intreasin: gy oreer of wavetength |
> Hy drogen. Spectrum Imp]
FE energy absorb Kar Ke upper energy \eve} pe Jakar Vapas usi
energy level par aatg bhai auc vapas aate wWaqt No | ener
weleage Kasta haf photon ke form mai. ys photon ki eak
wavelength ho £
; Banaya sata Kee
ur ust caravesangrny les) ele Hydeogen Spectury
IB Hydrogen specteyen
| ’ otly 4 pplicable for
21] Ae i slecien 3
ae ea photon wavelength ,
Z= Atomic No.
R= Rydber constant = 41096%F
= lower ener tene}
Ms=4PPEr energy’ level.
Lyman 7, = Pe a
ae bea Flangesk qavelengty (nan)
> paschen-¥m, 237 infraced | —Y Anox BE min “HAE = Energy gap
Bula) * Shortest coavelength Cain)
phage 1? Amin @Toase [AE & [a~ asl
"ONO H=4 to N=) How Te woavelengtty (spectral line) Belease_
0 of Spectral nog releg se one ')
Eval whey & Foe from 1 ener AON |
| ok cae rt levet 34 i
uppex Te
ey one net {#NO. Of Spectra) tine in Spechr
f hs series fre Lex-: Balmer, ee iii nena Ta | ee ee Te
#De-wapglie's Wavelength * eeveren (yrs ae
meager ||, i o
wave Narare aye Eafacesan
LS eam | rie in coe
4 = DHe-bvoglies Wavelength Re paq eu
hz planks” constant ee
om: amass af Pasctcle ——
Us Nedocity of pavticle
P= Momentum of particle
KE = KieneHe energy of pasticle |
q < Charge of Prana
Up = Stopping potential,
”
EE
{alhy -nv.)xr9 -
mzNO. of ~ostoit
Tyz Tadius of ost
jd obit Ka NO-
SO Grincinig |p. Hota hal Ure) won: (ee
Un cey’ principle #* . )
5 Accoseting *0 this Prine'ple, coke ee naa osbit,
"Tr is “Mpossible tO measyre]
sienulateously the prsition 3
momentum” of a microscopic
pasticle with absolute accifacy.
af one of them is measured
with greater accuracy the other
one's become less Aecurate.
1k Minimum u Ncertanty
where > fi iG
Anz uncertain of Position
A= uncertainty of maorentum.
> Ae= ccc
Lb
= Btn :
ss phere Kp Zee mass Setocity
TF, Ax30 , APs 00 [* AX Ka AV = _h
AA> exros 19 position |
ai
Ap eres 19 Momentum \* Rox Av = a
F Screesinger Equation [ a
4 & Ko Wave suppose Kiya hai :
> & Represented in term of wave Funchon, Gia)
cae ot Seana ae tl
Poe mie Se MEO
yz wave Function = F(>,y,2) 3 Solution f cede Equation
= Total Enesgy Ff pachde, leads to tofinite Solutions
Vc Potential enesgy f pastcle | 4 most of the solution are not
Solution cf Equatton, ree ane Sean aes ed.
Principal quantum number [5
2} Azimytha) Guantum number
3] Magnetic Quantum oumber
. These axe Zolutions
i of Schreodinges Equation,
Set eu aii eats act Solution
GIS Beaten bet — of Schrodinger Equahiony ae ae TT
‘principal Quantum Number emo ay :
> P.Q.Numbes sepsesents Size Senengy of the shell TO Which
© loelongs 40. 24 2,3, 4, ----
1 i ees
ajAzimuthal Buantum Number (4) {subshell}
-) A... Number cepresents ositentation of suloshel!
Nolue off L= © 10 N-1
— Number of subshell = Value of m in any shell,
Cee eR
v yet ue
SE te. O i aa
BJ Magnetic Quantum. Numbet(M oF Ms ov mg) £0 ital}
> Wis is the Sd Space avound the neacleous Within which
the prvbability of Finding the electron is anti yen (3c),
pe se zt oes [Total no ff osbita) @n)= 24+1/
meee eetec rer a orbital. — ee er
5 be Filled.
4)Spin Quantum Number (S) Wwe Goth cannot ta_same diceetion
s+ represents the dicecHon electron, SPIN asoynd its
ewn aris.
cae) \t
V =) anticlockwise Spin > S*--b
< . ae
= clockwise spin > SF Ta
otbital
*Summersy of Quantum Numbers *
M= No. of shel}
4= Subshell
am orbital.
<. \ _
$2 +boey
4. Tota) no. of value of ‘4’ for nM shell
arate of 1 {shen}
Kon Kon se Subshell henge =7 © tod (m-1)
9 Total No. of Value, of ‘mm! for LL subshell = (2441)
Kon Kon se osbitol honge => -£ to +4
total NO. of orbital in wm she} = x?
subshell = 2(ar+r)
3. total no. of & in any
total no. of & IN any shel <= on®
KQuantym Numwbee Givoays Forlows —7 @Rules.
es @)aatens i Where, a= Paincipal Guantyen Number
Le Azinytnal Buantum Number
es =a) rs
7 © LS eo ™=Magnelic Quantum Nurser, , ¥ Auflbay principle ©
= Awcangemeat of €& in Subshell
>e7 Filed in ineseqsing ovder of meso
of shell , it means lowest enesgy lew
Subset) Filled 45%.
wy rushes Aule => Arcangerment of subshel).
yo o
y Nee gY of ssybshell CO Bp econ
Shell
E o> 30, 3
oe u's ‘S|
mrt
LO =o fF %
cn aaa (nd) = 342
eet 25
“ oa ae ow 2 subosheils then?
—) bx
ee
(mu)zd (net) = 3B
SS
Then,
Energy of Subsnai_oc
PS) 7 0
ly 38>2P energy of 35 is emote than op.
# Paulie’s ,_eaclusion esioci ple
4 value of 4 Quantum Number (1,4 1™ 8) does
Peewee for ony Two €.
+ Huod's ule *
Refowe the doyble dccupaton of any osbital , every
orbital in the Sub level is singly cacypied -
7 For maximization of total spin, all electyons in a
Slagle accupaney ombital have the same spin.
5 = = io mre
\ aS! Bel Ot Hdais Sh gair FS ce sleos ial a
Fi Gad ator] ST Single - single e° GRIT SIBryy we ara
ogbital_ et e° Ia a, ES as Doubre Sat) FH
aig wer aad we & spin HR “S1 {4 AT 13
en -7 pd
> (A Ge mee poe ee “st Node *
= aay wsegion Where Y=aQ Means
Paoloabili of Finding ews eae is g
Node EeMN.
Angulot node
Radiol Node et planas Node
©8 Sphesico) node
Filo of Fadia) Node = Cn-t-v] | No. oF Angular wade= «|
(comes
Peso ea) r
no. of Radial mode Nel Ma ae node
fe a aired eae eer
ots 7 fosms between the
= Lu osbital ,
B total mode = Cn-t-) +0) = (9-1)
orbit eee eae ie (m-1)
a) 4s 4-0-1=0 o oO 4
Ww) 2s B=-Oct 2 ab 0 lk
[2p aa eer, 4 a
Gyss B= Ori =o 0 2
SNS Ba dae 4 4 2
6) sd ear = a
Gy 4P
4- a4, = (9 4 3
