CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
1 torque T Fd Nm F force; d
distance/length/radius for circle,
round or wheel , not diameter.
2 torque on a T F F r Nm F1 tension on tight side; F2
pulley or tension on slack side; FA total
Pulley A Pulley A
drum forces on pulley A; r radius of the
pulley or pitch radius approx.
from center of the pulley to the
neutral axis of the belt
F1 F2 FA
Remark: tight side is greater value
than slack side
3 angular 2πN rad/s N angular speed in rpm
ω
velocity 60
4 angular speed V rev/sec V linear velocity; L lead
N
L
OR
rps
5 power P Tω W T torque; ω angular velocity
6 area of shaft π d m2 d nominal @ major diameter
A
4
P
7 stress σ Pa P load; A area
A
P
8 shear stress τ Pa P load; A area
A
d d
9 General d m douter outer diameter; dinner
2
formula – inner diameter
mean
diameter
1
CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
r r
10 General r m router outer diameter; rinner
2
formula – inner diameter
mean radius
11 Resultant F F F N Fx reaction forces in x-axis; Fy
force or load reaction forces in y-axis
also known as P or V
12 trigonometry n/a n/a
B
opposite
a
A C
b
adjacent
a opposite
sin A
c hypotenuse
b adjacent
cos A
c hypotenuse
a opposite
tan A
b adjacent
c a b →c a b
13 interpolation n/a n/a
e 0.42 0.432 0.42
0.44 0.42 0.56 0.42
OR
0.44 e 0.56 0.432
0.44 0.42 0.56 0.42
old value new value
14 percentage of % reduction 100 % n/a
old value
reduction
2
CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
15 centroid A x m Ai area of bolts; x or y jarak
X
A rujukan bolt yang kita pilih
A y
Y Remark: Ai kalau all rivets sama
A
size tambahkan semua je, but if
diameter rivets tak sama, so kena
kira satu2 area dia.
Mc
16 bending σ Pa I moment of inertia
I
stress
c distance from the line x' to the
centroid or NA or x-x axis
M twisting moment / bending
moment
Tc
17 maximum τ Pa T torque applied; c radius of
J
shear stress cross-section; J polar moment of
Note: safety factor, n is applied to τmax to
torsion inertia or second moment of
formula determine the allowable shear stress; inertia; Sys shear yield stress or
S yield strength in shear; Sus
τ
n ultimate shear strength
OR
S
τ
n
Remark: the maximum usable value of τmax
without failure is Sys or Sus
τ
18 maximum γ - τmax maximum shear stress; G
G
shear strain modulus elasticity in shear; c
Note: for small deformations, by taking tan
radius of cross-section; ϕ angle
γmax γmax, we also write,
of twist of prismatic bars or shaft; L
cϕ length of shaft
γ
L
3
CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
Remark: this formula can use for solid or
19 angle of twist rad T torque applied; L length of
hollow shaft
of prismatic shaft; G modulus elasticity in
bars or shaft TL shear; J polar moment of inertia
ϕ
GJ or second moment of inertia
Note: GJ is called torsional rigidity of the shaft
solid circular shaft cross-section
20 polar moment m4 D diameter shaft; r radius
of inertia or πD π shaft; Do outer diameter of shaft;
J or r
second 32 2 Di inner diameter of shaft; ro
moment of hollow circular shaft cross-section outer radius of shaft; ri inner
inertia radius of shaft
π D D π r r
J or
32 2
bh
21 Moment of I m4 h height of the plate
12
Inertia –
b width of the plate
OR
rectangle
t thickness of the plate
th
I
12
4
CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
πr
22 Moment of I m4 r radius of the circle
4
Inertia –
circle
Convert degree ° to radian rad ;
23 convert – ° n/a
degree to Example:
radian 180°
0.167 rad 9.59°
π rad
Convert radian rad to degree ° ;
24 convert – rad n/a
radian to Example:
degree π rad
9.59° 0.167 rad
180°
convert angular velocity rad/s to linear
25 convert – m/s ω angular velocity unit: rad/s ;
velocity m/s ;
angular r circle or radius of pulley driver
velocity to V ωr unit: m
linear velocity
we consider: 1 hp 745.7 W
26 convert – hp W n/a
to watt Example for 16 hp:
745.7 W
16 hp 11.931 kW
1 hp
Convert mass Pmass to weight Pload ;
27 convert – N Pmass unit kg; Pload unit N
mass to Pload Pmass x 9.81 m/s2
weight
5
CHAPTER 1: BASIC FORMULA February 2, 2020
NO. NAME FORMULA UNIT REMARK
convert N/mm2 to N/m2
28 convert – Pa n/a
pressure or
OR
stress in
N/m2
N/mm2 to
N/m2
