Ratio and proportion 1 Abag contains striped, plain and spotty counters. Copy and complete these sentences. a The ratio of striped to plain counters is b The proportion of striped counters is ¢ The ratio of spotty to plain to striped counters (secre Bao is mixing paint 1 7a wwe es She uses 2 cans of blue paint and 3 cans of yellow paint to make green paint. Write whether each statement is true or false. Correct any statements that are false. The ratio of yellow to blue in green paint is 2: 3. 2 of green paint is blue. 60% of green paint is yellow. 2 in every 3 parts of green paint is blue.12 Ratio and proportion oct) 3. Odette says, ‘My diagram shows that 1 out of every 3 shapes is a triangle.” ASOOASOOASOS Explain why Odette might think she is correct. What should she have written? In this unit, you will learn about equivalent ratios and direct proportion. When two quantities are in direct proportion their ratio stays the same. Here are some examples. Recipes You decide to make chocolate chip cookies for ‘the maths club. You need 120 grams of butter to make 10 cookies. How much butter do you need to make 20 cookies? Work pay Kate is a builder. The more hours she works, the more money she earns. $20 $40 $60 $80 afwlr[e 165 >12 Ratio and proportion y > 12.1 Ratio We are going t A ratio is a relationship between two or more numbers. This bowl of fruit contains six apples and three oranges. The ratio of apples to oranges is six to three. We write this as 6: 3 and this is equivalent to 2: 1. In this unit, you will learn about equivalent ratios. 3:5is equivalent to 27: 45 Answer: Total number of people = 27 + 45 = 72 Ina survey, the ratio of people who preferred apples to bananas was 3 : 5. 45 people preferred bananas. How many people took part in the survey? You need to find an equivalent ratio where the number for bananas is 45. Multiply both sides of the ratio by 9 because 5x9=45, 27 people preferred apples and 45 people preferred bananas.12.1 Ratio Exercise 12.1 1 Look at these shapes. eoecceeeecnn na Write in its simplest form: a the ratio of circles to squares b the ratio of squares to pentagons the ratio of pentagons to squares. 2 Write these ratios in their simplest form. a Saiz b 24:14 c 12:9 d 24:8 e 150:25 f 15:300 Tat nema aera acy et ROR CU Ta 3. Write the missing numbers. a 2:3 b 5:7 © 3:5 | 224 Check your answers to question 3 with your partner. 4 Place the ratios in the correct position in the table. One ratio cannot be placed. Which one is it? 18:27) 12:16 «28:35 «16:20 4:6 «14:21 24:32 18:24 36:27 36:45 21:28 8:12 32:40 167 >12 Ratio and proportion > 5. Pierre plants 4 carrots for every 3 onions. He plants 48 carrots. a How many onions does he plant? b How many carrots and onions does he plant altogether? 6 The ratio of girls to boys in a dance competition is 3: 2. 42 girls take part in the competition. How many boys and girls take part in the competition altogether? 7 Ollie and Igor share 24 counters in different ways. How many counters does Igor get when he has twice as many as Ollie? b How many counters does Igor get when he has one counter for every three counters Ollie has? ¢ Igor and Ollie share the counters in the ratio 3 : 5. How many counters does Igor get? BO ae ater eon Marcus spent $4 on beads to make necklaces. White beads cost 10 cents each and coloured beads cost 20 cents each. Marcus bought beads in the ratio of white to coloured = 3: 1. How many white and coloured beads did he buy? Try tabulating your information. For example: You will show you are specialising when you find solutions to the problem. You will show you are classifying when you tabulate your information. 168 >12.2 Direct proportion De ras on od () Ican find and use equivalent ratios. J I can find a ratio in its simplest form. > 12.2 Direct proportion ere ‘+ learn what ‘in proportion’ means * learn that when one quantity increases (or decreases) the other quantities increase (or decrease) in the same ratio. direct proportion proportion Have you ever taken a photograph and liked it so much that you wanted a bigger copy to put on your walll or a smaller copy to stick in a notebook? In mathematics we call these larger and smaller versions enlargements. The lengths of lines in the photo and the enlargement are in proportion and all the angles stay the same size. In this section, you will learn about shapes and objects that are in proportion. 169 >Dakarai cooks pasta and pasta sauce. Pasta sauce 300 g tomatoes 120 g onions 75 g mushrooms a Dakarai needs 350 grams of pasta for 4 people. How much pasta does he need for 12 people? b The recipe for pasta sauce is for 6 people. How many grams of tomatoes does Dakarai need for 12 people? a 4x3=12 To get from 4 people to 12 people you multiply by 3. 350 x 3 = 1050 grams So multiply 350 by 3 to find the mass of pasta. b 6x2=12 To get from 6 people to 12 people you multiply by 2. 300 x 2 = 600 grams ‘So multiply 300 by 2 to find the mass of tomatoes. Exercise 12.2 1 3melons cost $2. What is the cost of IS melons? 2 Magda organises a meal for 12 people. She buys! pizza for every 3 people. How many pizzas does Magda buy? m0 »12.2 Direct proportion 3. Here is a recipe for ice cream. xe S Raspberry ice cream {for 8 people] 400 ml cream 500 ml milk 1kg respberries 250 g sugar Kiki makes ice cream for 4 people. Write a list of the ingredients she uses. 4. Ateacher buys 24 posters for his classroom. He can buy 4 posters for $7. How much does the teacher spend on posters? 5 The length of a model car is one-tenth the size of the real car. a The model car is 40 cm long. What is the length of the real car? b The real car is 150 cm high. How tall is the model car? © Awheel on the model car has diameter 4.25 cm. What is the diameter of a wheel on the real car?12 Ratio and proportion Sef 6 You will need a calculator for this question. Dimitri has five model cars. He knows they are built toa scale of 1: 18 or 1: 24 or 1: 32 but he does not know which scale has been used for each car. He measures the length of the model cars: Beetle 170mm =Puma 230mm Delta 140mm Embla 190 mm Modi 160 mm. This table shows the lengths of the real cars. Beetle | Puma | Delta Embla | Modi 4080 4140 4480 4560 5120 Work out the scale used for each car and copy and complete the sorting diagram. Remember that a scale of 1: 24 means that the length of the real car is 24 times bigger than the length of the model car. Length of model Beetle = 170mm. Length of real Beetle = 4080 mm 4080 + 170 = 24 so the scale is 1: 24.12.2 Direct proportion 7 Heres rectangle A. Sem a Rectangle A is enlarged to make rectangles B, C and D. + The length of each side of rectangle B is twice the corresponding length of 4 Tectangle A. + The length of each side of rectangle C is four times the corresponding length of rectangle A. * The length of each side of rectangle D is six times the corresponding length of rectangle A. Copy and complete the table. i 5 2 AtoB=1:2 10 AtoC=1:4 AtoD=1:6 Check your answers with your partner. TMM aTCM UT eME TUL amon TCR (OTE Oa el12 Ratio and proportion > 174 > Bae ue aon Paper sizes Look at this table of paper sizes and their measurements. Size Width x height (mm) AO 841 x 1189 AL 594 x 841, A2 420 x 594 A3 297 x 420 Aa 210 x 297 AS 148 x 210 What do you notice about the measurements? What is the height of A6 paper? For each paper size, try dividing height by width. You can use a calculator. What do you notice about your results? ‘You will show you are generalising when you notice something about your results. If you ask yourself questions based on your observations, you will show you are conjecturing. Ma Recut12.2 Direct proportion 1 Write these ratios in their simplest form. a 9:12 b 732% © 3:15 d 24:6 2. Atthe running club there are 2 boys for every 3 girls. a There are 12 girls at the club. How many boys are there? b Ona different day, there are 12 boys at the club. How many girls are there? 3° Here is a recipe for a fruit smoothie. Fruit smoothie [makes 2 smoothies] 2mangoes Pitre apple juice 250ml yogurt 1 banana Write the quantities needed for 4 smoothies. 4 Here is rectangle A. 7m = #M 3cm Not drawn to scale Rectangle B is in proportion to rectangle A but every length in Bis. 5 times the length in A. What is the perimeter of rectangle B?