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Electric Potential Energy (EPE)

1) Electric potential energy (EPE) is the energy stored in a charged particle located in an electric field. EPE depends on the charges and distance between particles. 2) Electric potential (V) is the electric potential energy per unit test charge. It represents the work required to move a charge to a point in an electric field. 3) Electric potential difference (∆V) is the change in potential energy of a charge moving between two points in an electric field. Charged particles will accelerate according to the electric field.

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Vishavjit Buttar
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666 views15 pages

Electric Potential Energy (EPE)

1) Electric potential energy (EPE) is the energy stored in a charged particle located in an electric field. EPE depends on the charges and distance between particles. 2) Electric potential (V) is the electric potential energy per unit test charge. It represents the work required to move a charge to a point in an electric field. 3) Electric potential difference (∆V) is the change in potential energy of a charge moving between two points in an electric field. Charged particles will accelerate according to the electric field.

Uploaded by

Vishavjit Buttar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Electric Potential Energy (EPE): Introduces the concept of Electric Potential Energy as energy stored in a charged particle within an electric field.
  • Electric Potential (V): Defines Electric Potential as the energy per unit of test charge with mathematical explanation and associated units.
  • Electric Potential Difference (ΔV) in Electric Fields: Explains the concept of potential difference and its role in moving charges in an electric field.
  • Motion of Charged Particles in Electric Field: Analyzes how the energy principles describe the motion of charged particles in electric fields.
  • Problem: Provides a sample problem involving electric charges and calculations of potential energy changes.
  • Uniform Electric Field Motion: Discusses the simplification of charged particle motion in a uniform electric field.
  • Injection Velocity: Explains the concept of injection velocity as particles accelerate through potential differences.

Electric Potential Energy (EPE)

EPE
• EPE is the energy stored in a charged particle
located in an electric field. Similar to a mass
storing GPE in a gravitational field of another
mass.

kq1q2
EE  q1 q2

r r
Repulsion (Same Signs)

As r   then EE0
Attraction (opposite Signs)
Electric Potential (V)
• Is the electric Potential Energy per unit of test
charge.
EE kq1
V 
q r
V has the units of volts and is 1 Joule per Coulomb

Note: 1 volt is the potential energy at a point P in an electric field if 1 joule of work is
required to move 1 coulomb of charge from infinity to the point P.
kq
V q0
r
V
kq
V q0
r

EE  Vq
Electric Potential Difference(V) in
Electric Fields
• V is the amount of work required per unit
charge to move a positive test charge from A
to B in an .

E  qV  q(VB  VA )
• V is the potential difference and E is the
change in the potential energy.
Electric Potential Difference(V) in a
Uniform Electric Field
The increase in EPE of the charge q when moving
from plate B to A is equal to the Work done in
moving q from B to A. To do so a Force (F) equal in

 magnitude but opposite in direction must be
applied over a distance r.
W  F r
A B
W  q r
W  E  q V
q  r  q V
V
r
  const.
r
VAB Parallel Plate with separation r and Voltage V=VAB
Motion of Charged Particles in 
• Use Energy to Describe the Motion
ET  ET'
q1 E E  Ek  E E'  Ek'
q2
kq1q2 1 kq1q2 1 ' 2
 mv  2
'
 mv
r 2 r 2
kq1q2 kq1q2 1 ' 2 1
  mv  mv 2

r r' 2 2
 kq1q2 kq1q2 
    Ek
 r 
'
r
 kq q kq q 
  1' 2  1 2   Ek
 r r 
 E E  Ek
 EE  Ek
This means that a charged particle q2 moves in the
electric field of q1 in such a way that the Electric
Potential Energy it loses is gained by kinetic energy
Problem
• A pith ball of mass 1.0 x 10-5 kg and with a
charge of 2 nC is at rest 25 cm from a fixed
positive charge of 5 μC. Find the speed of the
pith ball when it is 50 cm from the other
charge.
R= .50 m

5 μC 2 nC 2 nC

R= .25 m
Problem
• Find EE from r1 to r2

kq1q2 kq1q2
EE  E 2  E1    1.8 104 J
r2 r1

R= .50 m

5 μC 2 nC 2 nC

R= .25 m
Problem
• The lose in EE is gained in EK
Ek  EE  (1.8 10 4 J )
1 2
mv  0  1.8 10  4 J
2
2(EE ) m
v  6.0
m s

R= .50 m

5 μC 2 nC 2 nC

R= .25 m
If the electric field is uniform the
motion is simpler
 
FE  q  const.

 FE
a  const.
m

Thus the charged particle moves with


uniform (constant) acceleration
Parallel Plates have constant electric
fields
V
  const.
 r

A B
This means you can describe the
motion of charges in a parallel plate
using the kinematic equations!!!

VAB Parallel Plate with separation r and Voltage V=VAB


Injection Velocity
Often charged particles acquire an “injection” velocity by accelerating
through a large potential difference (Parallel Plate with a hole in it). A particle
of mass m, charge q being accelerated through a potential difference V will
have the following injection velocity

E k   E E
1 2
mv  qV
2
2qV
v
m

Electric Potential Energy (EPE)
EPE • EPE is the energy stored in a charged particle located in an electric field. Similar to a mass storing GPE in a gra
Repulsion (Same Signs) Attraction (opposite Signs) As r   then EE0
Electric Potential (V) • Is the electric Potential Energy per unit of test charge. r kq q E V E 1   V has the units of v
V 0   q r kq V 0   q r kq V Vq EE 
Electric Potential Difference(V) in Electric Fields • V is the amount of work required per unit charge to move a positiv
Electric Potential Difference(V) in a Uniform Electric Field . const r V V q r q V q E W r q W r F W           
Motion of Charged Particles in  • Use Energy to Describe the Motion q1 q2 k E k k k E k E T T E E E r q kq r q kq E r q
k E E E     This means that a charged particle q2 moves in the electric field of q1 in such a way that the Electric Pot
Problem • A pith ball of mass 1.0 x 10-5 kg and with a charge of 2 nC is at rest 25 cm from a fixed positive charge of 5 μ

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