Arts Reviewer
Pre historic Art (40 000-4 000 BC) – all art in from ELEMENT OF VALUE - When describing a color, the term
natural resources value refers to that hue’s lightness or darkness. Value changes
Ancient Art (30 000 B.C – 400 A.D) are often obtained by adding black or white to a particular hue
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Greece
ELEMENT OF TEXTURE - Texture is the Element of Art that
Mesoamerica
refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if
Medieval (500-1400 A.D) – focused on the hardship
touched.
of victims
Gothic Era (1100s-1500s) – Architecture Physical Texture is the texture you can actually feel
Renaissance (1300s-1600s) - More on biblical with your hand. The grooves in the buildup of paint,
figure, (Vibrant) the slipperiness of soft pastel, layering of paper on a
Baroque (1600-1750) – Royalty, (More drama) collage - all the things that change the feeling of the
Neoclassicism (1750-1850) – By rank/class work’s surface.
Romanticism (1780-1850) – Romance, (feelings and
sensation) Visual Texture is the illusion of physical texture
Realism (1849-1900) – Mythology, history, religion created with the materials you use. Paint and pencil
and reality can be manipulated to give the impression of texture
Impressionism (1865-1885) – everyday subject while the paper surface itself remains smooth and flat.
matter (outside the studio)
Post impressionism (1885-1910) – inside the studio
Expressionism (1905-1920) – expressive, (highly ELEMENT OF SPACE - Space can be thought of as the
intense color) distance or area between, around, above, below, or within
Cubism (1907-1914) – Broken subject things.
Dadaism (1912-1923) – nonsense
Bauhaus (1920-1925) – construction of house Two types of space:
Surrealism (1917-1950) – Not real
Abstract expression (1940-1950) – world war 2 Positive Space: filled with something
Pop art (1950-1960) – comics Negative Space: empty space, a void
Minimalism (1960-1970) – minimalist, simple
Conceptual art (1960-1970) Space in art involves an understanding of how to create a
Contemporary art (1970-present) sense of 3D depth – objects receding into space – on a 2D
surface.
ART AND ART TEACHER Depth Strategies:
Must like kids Overlapping
Always keep learning Proportion
Be a manager Position/placement
Foreshortening
Perspective
THE ELEMENTS OF ART
Elements: the basic “building blocks” artists use to create an ELEMENT OF COLOR - Color comes from light. White light
artwork. They are line, shape, form, value, texture, space, from the sun contains all colors. When the light rays hits an
and color. object, our eyes respond to the light that is bounced back and
we see that color.
ELEMENT OF LINE - A line is a continuous mark made on a
surface with a pointed tool. Primary Colors: Red, Blue, and Yellow. From these it
is possible to mix all other colors.
Characteristics of Line:
Secondary Colors: Orange, Green, Violet. The
colors obtained by mixing two primary colors.
Width: thick, thin, tapering, uneven
Tertiary Colors: Red orange, Red violet, Blue green,
Length: long, short, continuous, broken
yellow orange, yellow green, Blue violet. Combination
Direction: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curving,
of primary and secondary color.
perpendicular, oblique, parallel, radial, zigzag
Focus: sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy
Feeling: sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth
PRINCIPLES OF ART
Principles: the tools to help an artist arrange and organize the
ELEMENT OF SHAPE - Shapes are flat and are limited to only Elements of Art in an artwork. They are pattern, emphasis,
two dimensions: length and width. variety, unity, balance, rhythm, and proportion
Type: GEOMETRIC SHAPE & ORGANIC SHAPE
PRINCIPLES OF PATTERN - Pattern is the repetition of the
Elements of Art or anything else (sound, light, etc.). Patterns
ELEMENT OF FORM - Forms have volume and are measured
can be created with colors, lines, shapes, etc., or any
in three dimensions: length, width, and depth.
combination of these things
Arts Reviewer
PRINCIPLE OF EMPHASIS - Emphasis is a way of combining – (i.e. we may interpret larger objects as having more
the Elements of Art to give importance or dominance to some significance, depending on the context).
feature (or features) of an artwork.
This “size = importance” relationship is used a lot in ancient art
•Could also be called a “focal point”.
Contrasting Elements often are used to direct and focus the
viewer’s attention on the most important parts of a design. TEACHING STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ARTS
•Emphasis can be achieved by: increased size, strong color, Delivering Instruction
greater detail, sharp contrast, distorted shape, placement in
the composition, movement in the image, and/or pointers Give clear direction
leading the eye to a focal point. Decide on delivery method…
Demonstration and whole group instruction –
PRINCIPLE OF VARIETY - Variety is when dissimilar (or Demonstration – is the process of teaching someone
CONTRASTING) Elements are placed together in a way that how to make or do something in a step by step
calls attention to the differences between them. process
Whole group instruction – brings your classroom
Variety creates excitement and interest. Artists use this together as one large group.
Principle when they want to increase the visual interest in their
works. Small group & one to one instruction
An artwork can have lots of variety and strong (high) contrast, Small group instruction – is an opportunity for
or little variety and subtle (low) contrast. teachers to provide additional teaching and practice
often needed for struggling students to master
High contrast tends towards a more dramatic effect important skills or understand key concepts.
Low contrast tends towards being soothing and calm One to one instruction – ensure the students
interact with the teacher individually.
Collaborative & independent learning
PRINCIPLE OF UNITY - Unity is when Elements are placed
together in a way that minimizes differences and instead Collaborative – sometimes called cooperative
accents their similarities. teaching or team teaching, involves educators
working in tandem to lead.
Using Elements in a unified or harmonious way gives viewers Independent learning – is a method or learning
the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and process where learners have ownership and control
looks like it “fits”. of their learning.
Technology as a teaching tool – merely provides the tools to
be used for authentic learning. Provides educators with the
PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE - Balance refers to a way of
opportunity to move from simply streamlining the way things
combining Elements to add a feeling of visual equilibrium or
have always been done to really imagining things they would
balance and stability (or imbalance and instability) to a work of
like to do.
art.
Physical environment & play – includes the space in which
Balance can be one of three kinds:
play occurs, the materials that are present in the space and
how the space and materials are arranged.
Symmetrical: the two halves are identical.
Asymmetrical: the two halves are different.
Brainstorming – students share ideas that come to mind and
Radially symmetric: objects are positioned record these ideas without making judgments about them.
symmetrically around a central point
Conference – provide teacher with an opportunity to guide and
support learners and a forum for students to demonstrate their
learning through discussion, sketchbooks or portfolio.
PRINCIPLE OF RHYTHM - Rhythm is created by the careful
placement of repeated Elements in a work of art to cause a Cooperative learning – students work as a team to
visual tempo or beat. These repeated Elements invite the accomplish a common learning goal.
viewer’s eye to jump rapidly or glide smoothly from one to the
next. Closely related to rhythm is movement. Discussion – a cooperative strategy through which students
explore their thinking, responding to ideas, process information
Movement refers to creating the look and feeling of action in an and articulate their thoughts in exchanges with peers and the
artwork. teacher.
Experimenting – requires students to investigate, test,
explore, manipulate, solve problems, make decisions and
PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTION - Proportion is the Principle of
organize information in hands on ways.
Art concerned with the size relationship of individual parts to
the whole and to each other. Focused exploration – students use the materials and
equipment available in the classroom in ways of their choosing.
The use of exaggerated proportions may tell about the
GUIDED
relative importance of a particular object or symbol in a work of
art.
Arts Reviewer
Free exploration – teacher observes and listens as part of
ongoing assessment while students are exploring freely, but do
not guide the exploration as they do during focused
exploration.
Graphic or visual organizer – the use of visual support, allow
student to understand and represent relationships visually,
rather than just with language.
Guided activity – key instructional activity that is initiated by
the teacher.
Jigsaw – cooperative group activity in which a different
segments of a learning task is assigned to each member of a
small group.
Lateral thinking – involves reviewing a problem or challenge
from multiple perspectives, often breaking up the elements and
recombining them in different ways, even randomly.
Modeling – teacher can demonstrate a task or strategy to
students and may think aloud while doing it to make the
process clearer.
