WATER
POLLUTION
CONTENTS
01 WATER
POLLUTION 02 GROUND WATER
POLLUTION 03 OCEAN WATER
POLLUTION
PREVENTION
04 WATER
CONTAMINATION 05 EFFECTS OF
WATER POLLUTION 06 METHODS
WHAT IS WATER
POLLUTION ?
Water pollution is the contamination of water
sources by substances which make the water
unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming,
and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals,
trash, bacteria, and parasites. All forms of pollution
eventually make their way to water.
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
01 02 03
GROUND SURFACE OCEAN
WATER WATER WATER
GROUND WATER
POLLUTION
INDUSTRIAL UNTREATED
WASTEWATER SEWAGE WATER
Groundwater gets polluted when
contaminants—from pesticides and
fertilizers to waste leached from landfills and
septic systems—make their way into an
aquifer, rendering it unsafe for human use.
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Surface water pollution is the pollution of aquatic
systems that are above ground, such as streams,
lakes and rivers. These waters become polluted when
rainwater runoff carries pollutants into the water. The
pollutants transported by runoff are things like salts
and chemicals from city and highway roads and
nutrients and fertilizers from farms and lawns.
OCEAN WATER POLLUTION
Ocean pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as
industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or
invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there
TYPES OF WATER CONTAMINATION
01 02 03 04
AGRICULTURAL SEWAGE RADIOACTIVE OIL SPILL
AGRICULTURAL
Agricultural sector is the biggest consumer of global freshwater resources, with farming and
livestock production using about 70 percent of the earth’s surface water supplies, but it’s also
a serious water polluter. Around the world, agriculture is the leading cause of water
degradation. Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can contaminate both groundwater
and surface water, as can organic livestock wastes, antibiotics, silage effluents, and
processing wastes from plantation crops.
SEWAGE
Contamination of drinking water sources by sewage can
occur from raw sewage overflow, septic tanks, leaking
sewer lines, land application of sludge and partially
treated wastewater. Sewage itself is a complex mixture
and can contain many types of contaminants.
RADIOACTIVE
Radioactive waste is any pollution that emits radiation beyond what is naturally
released by the environment. It’s generated by uranium mining, nuclear power
plants, and the production and testing of military weapons, as well as by
universities and hospitals that use radioactive materials for research and
medicine.
OIL SPILL
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the
marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually given to
marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on
land.
EFFECTS OF WATER
POLLUTION HEPATITIS A
ON HUMAN HEALTH
DIARRHEA
Human contact with polluted water through drinking,
CHOLERA
skin contact or even consumption of food that is grown
or prepared using polluted water poses a significant AMOEBIASIS
danger to health. Pollutants in water may directly
cause disease or act as poisons.
PREVENT WATER POLLUTION
Industrial waste The tap water Throw plastic and
TREAT TURN DON’
before leaving after the use other garbage in
OFF T
to water bodies of running water water bodies
LAND
POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
Land pollution refers to the deterioration of
the earth’s land surfaces at and below
ground level. It is caused by the
accumulation of solid and liquid waste
materials that contaminate groundwater
and soil. These waste materials are often
referred to as municipal solid waste (MSW),
which includes both hazardous and non-
hazardous waste.
CAUSES OF
LAND
POLLUTION
LITTERING
Littering is the improper
disposal of waste products.
While it can happen by mistake
(as in an unsecured object
flying out the bed of a truck),
litter continues to be largely a
deliberate act.
URABNIZATION AND
CONSTRUCTION
Large quantities of people living close
together, producing trash, and littering in a
dense area does inevitably lead to land
pollution. To accommodate our increasing
population, construction activities also
occur, which result in large waste
materials, such as metal, plastic, wood and
bricks.
MINING AND EXTRACTION
Mining is the extraction of minerals and
other geological materials from the
ground, which are then used for a wide
range of purposes including but not
limited to producing gasoline for
automobiles, generating electricity and
selling materials such as gold and
silver.
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural pollution occurs when
contamination created as a by-product of
raising livestock and growing food crops is
released into the environment, and the
contamination is vast. Major contributors
to agricultural-related land pollution
include run-off from pesticides, herbicides,
fertilizer and animal waste.
EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION
• Contamination of drinking water
• Polluted soil, which leads to a loss of
fertile land for agriculture and a
reduction in the availability of food
• Climate change, which causes an
disastrous problems, including flash
floods and irregular rainfalls
• The endangerment and extinction of
species in wildlife
• Habitat destruction, where animal and
plants wiped out in certain areas
• Habitat shifting, where animals are forced to
flee where they live in order to survive
• Increased soil pollutants can enter the body
through the food chain, and cause health issues
• Increased human health issues, including
cancer, respiratory illnesses, and congenital
disabilities, caused by exposure to harmful
chemicals
HOW TO PREVENT
LAND POLLUTION
Sustainable Reforestation Solid Waste
Agricultural Management
Practices
Encourage a more
3 R’s Composting
eco-friendly model
for industry
THANK YOU! :>
