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Functions in Visual Basic 6.0

Presentation · April 2011

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18287.56487

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Functions in VB6
 Functions
• Function - unit of code that returns a value
1. Built-in functions
2. User defined function.

• Built-in Functions ( Library functions ( ‫اإلقترانات المكتبية‬

– String Functions
– Mathematics Functions
– Conversion Function
– Date and Time Functions
 String Functions
 Ucase (string): Returns a string or character converted to capital letters.

 Lcase (string) :Returns a string or character converted to small letters.

 Len (string): Returns an integer that contains the number of characters in a string.

 Left (string , number of characters): Returns a string containing a specified number of characters
from the left side of a string.

 Right (string , number of characters): Returns a string containing a specified number of

characters from the right side of a string.

 Mid (string , start , number of characters) :Returns a string containing a specified number of
characters from a string.
Examples
 Ucase (string) ‫تحويل حروف النص الى احرف كبيرة‬
 Print Ucase("Computer") ➔COMPUTER
 Print Ucase(" abXYZ123&# ") ➔ABXYZ123&#
 Dim x As String
x = "Ahu2012 " : Print UCase(x) ➔AHU2012
==========================================================
 Lcase (string) ‫تحويل حروف النص الى احرف صغيرة‬
 Print Lcase("Computer") ➔computer
 Print Lcase(" abXYZ123&# ") ➔abxyz123&#
 Dim x As String
x = "ABcd2012 " : Print LCase(x) ➔ abcd2012
Examples
 Len ( string ) )‫ايجاد عدد احرف النص ( طول النص‬
 Print len(" Computer ") ➔ 8
 Print len(" abXY Z123&# ") ➔ 11
 Dim x As String
x = "Ahu2012 " : Print len(x) ➔ 7
==========================================================
 Left ( string , number of characters) ‫ارجاع االحرف من جهة الشمال‬
 Print left(" Ali and ahmad ",9) ➔ Ali and a ‫ احرف‬9 ‫طباعة اول‬
 Dim X as string
X= "Mohanad" : print left(x,5) ➔ Mohan ‫ احرف‬5 ‫طباعة اول‬
 Dim x as string
Dim n as integer=3
X="Mohammad"
Print left(x,n) ➔Moh
Examples
 Right(string , number of characters) ‫ارجاع االحرف من جهة اليمين‬
 Print Right(" Ali and ahmad ",9) ➔ and ahmad ) ‫ احرف من اليمين‬9( ‫ احرف‬9 ‫طباعة آخر‬
 Dim X as string
X= "Mohanad" : print Right(x,5) ➔ hanad ) ‫ احرف من اليمين‬5( ‫ احرف‬5 ‫طباعة آخر‬
 Dim x as string
Dim n as integer=3
X="Mohammad"
Print Right(x,n) ➔ mad
 Print Left(UCase("Computer"), 5) ➔COMPU
 Print Right(Left(Mid("Computer ", 1, 2), 2), 3) ➔ CO
 Print len (Right(Left(Mid("Computer ", 1, 2), 2), 3)) ➔ 2
Examples
 Mid ( String , start , number of character )
 Print Mid(“ABCDabcdXYZ”,3,4) ➔CDab ‫ حروف‬4 ‫من الحرف الثالث ابدأ وإرجاع‬
 Dim x as string
X=“Welcome to Jordan”
Print Mid(x,3,7) ➔ lcome t
 Print Mid(“ABcdeXYZ”,3) ➔cdeXYZ
 Print mid(“ABC”,2,4) ➔BC
 Dim x as string
Dim n as integer=3
X="Mohammad"
Print Mid(x,n,n) ➔ham
Examples
 Print len(Right(Left( Mid("Computer", 1, 2), 2), 3)) ➔ 2
 Print Len(left("ABCDEF",4)) ➔4
 Print right(left("abcdxyz",4),2) ➔ cd
 Print Mid(Right("ABCXYZ",4),3,2) ➔ YZ
 Print Lcase(Mid("123456",2,1)) ➔2
 Print right(left("Jordan",5),2) ➔ da
 Print Lcase(Mid(left("abcABC*&#",9),3,4) ➔ cabc
 Print left(ucase("Computer"),5) ➔ COMPU
 Print Right(left(Mid("Computer",1,2),2),3) ➔ Co
 Print Left(Right(Mid("Computer", 1, 4), 2), 3) ➔ mp
 Print UCase(Left(Right(Mid("Computer", 1, 4), 2), 3)) ➔MP
Trace the following program?
Private Sub Command1_Click()

Print UCase("ABcdxXyZ123")
Print LCase("AbcdefhXYZ")
Print Len("Computer skills(2)")
Print Left("Computer", 4)
Print Right("Computer", 5)
Print Mid("Computer", 2, 4)
Print Right(Left(Mid("computer", 2, 5), 4), 2)

End Sub
 Mathematics Functions
 ABS(n) :returns the absolute value of n. ‫اقتران القيمة المطلقة‬
 SQR (n):return the square root of n. ‫اقتران الجذر التربيعي‬
 MOD : Divides two numbers and returns the remainder. ‫اقتران باقي القسمة‬
 INT(n) :The largest integer less than or equal to n. ‫اقتران أكبر عدد صحيح‬
 FIX(n) : The integer part of n. ‫اقتران الجزء الصحيح‬
 Rnd(n) :generate a random number between (0 and 1). ‫اقتران القيمة العشوائية‬
 VAL(n): convert a string value to number. ‫تحول النص الى القيمة الرقمية المقابلة له‬
 STR(n) : convert a number to a string value. ‫تحول الرقم الى القيمة النصية‬
 CHR(n) : returns the string corresponding to an ASCII value.
Abs function
 ABS (n): ) ‫يعطي هذا االقتران القيمة المطلقة (يحول القيمة السالبة الى قيمة موجبة‬

 Print abs(2.5) ➔ 2.5

 Print abs(-2.3) ➔ 2.3
 Print abs(0) ➔0
 Print abs(54) ➔ 54
 Print abs(-23) ➔ 23
 Print abs(-2.8)+abs(-2.2)+abs(-2) ➔7
 Print abs(2.8)-abs(2.2)+abs(2) ➔2.6
 Dim x as single
x=-3.55
Print abs(x) ➔3.55
 Sqr and Mod function
 SQR(n): ‫يعطي هذا االقتران الجذر التربيعي للعدد اذا كان موجبا ً او صفر ويعطي خطأ اذا كان سالب‬
 Print sqr(9) ' Print 3.
 Print sqr(16) ' Print 4.
 Print sqr(25) ' Print 5.
 Print sqr(sqr(16)) ' Print 2.
 Print sqr(-100) ' Error
 X Mod Y : ‫يعطي هذا االقتران باقي القسمة العدد االول على العدد الثاني‬
 Print 5 mod 3 ' Print 2.
 Print 20 mod 5 ' Print 0.
 Print 16 mod 3 ' Print 1.
 Print 9 mod 7 ' Print 2.
 Print 33 mod 100 ' Print 33.
 Print 7 +3 mod 4 * 2 / 8 + 5 ' Print 12.
 Print 3 ^ 2 + 5 * 4 – 2 ^ 3 mod 2 + 2 / 2 ' Print 30.
➔ ➔➔Remember the priorities () , ^ , * / , \ , mod , + -
Int and Fix function
 INT(n) : ‫يعطي هذا االقتران اكبر عدد صحيح اقل من او يساوي العدد‬
 Print int(99.8) ' Print 99.
 Print int(99.2) ' Print 99.
 Print int (99) ' Print 99.
 Print int(-99.8) ' Print -100.
 Print int(-99.2) ' Print -100.
 Print int(-99) ' Print -99.
 Fix(n): )‫هذا االقتران يعطي الجزء الصحيح فقط مهما كانت قيمة الرقم (يتخلص من الكسور‬
 Print fix(99.8) ' Print 99.
 Print fix (99.2) ' Print 99.
 Print fix(99) ' Print 99.
 Print fix(-99.8) ' Print -99.
 Print fix(-99.2) ' Print -99.
 Print fix(-99) ' Print -99.
Fix function
 Rnd() function
 Rnd: Generates a random number. ) ‫اقتران العدد العشوائي (يعطي عددا ً عشوائيا ً بين الصفر و الواحد‬
 ‫هذا االقتران ال يتطلب تزويده بأي عدد حيث انه مبرمج إلعطاء اعداد عشوائية بين الصفر والواحد‬
 Print Rnd ‘print a random number between (0,1) ➔ 0<n<1
 Print Rnd * 35 ‘Print a random number between (0,35)➔0<n<35
 Print Fix ( Rnd * 10 ) ‘Print integer random number between (0,10)➔0<=n<10
 Generate 10 random number between (0,1) ‫برنامج لطباعة عشرة اعداد عشوائية محصورة بين الصفر والواحد‬
For x = 1 to 10
Print Rnd
Next x
============================================================
 Generate 1 random number between (0,1) 100 ‫برنامج لطباعة عشرة اعداد عشوائية صحيحة بين الصفر و‬
For x = 1 to 10
Print Fix( Rnd * 100 )
Next x
 Rnd() function
Generating a number in a specific range

➔ Fix ( ( Rnd()* ( HighestNumber-LowestNumber+1 ) ) + LowestNumber )

 Ex. generates a random number from -5 to 8
➔ n= (Rnd * 14 - 5 )
 Ex. generates a random number from 1 to 31
➔ fix( Rnd* (31 - 1 + 1) + 1) or fix (Rnd* 31 + 1)
 Ex. Fix (Rnd * 31) ➔ generates a random number from 0 to 30
Val function
 Val
 [Link]=val([Link])
 Sum=val([Link])+val([Link])
 Area=4* val([Link])
 Print Val("24")➔24
 [Link]=val("1990")
 Print val(“ABC34") ➔0
 Print Val("12") + Val(" 2 ") ➔14
 Print "12" + "2 " ➔122
 Print Val("0 1") ➔1
 Print val("123 XYZ456") ➔123
 Print val("person 123") ➔0
 Val function

What will be the output?

Chr and Str function
 chr : ‫تحويل الرقم الى الرمز المقابل له في جدول اسكي كود‬
 Print chr (65) ' Print A.
 Print chr (66) ' Print B.
 Print chr(90) ' Print Z.
 Print chr (97) ' Print a.
 Print chr (99) ' Print c.
 Print chr(122) ' Print z.
===========================================
 Str ‫تحويل الرقم الى نص‬
 Print Str(66) + Str(9) ➔ 669.
 Print Str(66) ➔66
ASCII Alphabet Characters
Examples
 Print abs(int(-3.9)+fix(-3.9)+sqr(sqr(81))) ➔ 4
 Print Abs(Fix(-4.6)-int(-5.8)) ➔ 2
 Print Int(-3.9) + Fix(-3.9) + Sqr(Sqr(81)) ➔ -4

 Print fix(5.7)-abs(int(3.7)-fix(-4.3))+int (-9.7)+abs(int (5.3)-fix(-4.8)) ➔-3

 Print Abs(Int(3.9) + Fix(3.9) + Sqr(Sqr(81))) ➔ 9
 Print Chr(67) + "abc“ ➔Cabc

 Print Int(-3.9) - Fix(-3.9) * Sqr(Sqr(81)) ➔5

 Print Int(-2.3) - Fix(-4.5) * Sqr(Sqr(16)) ➔5

 Print Int(-2.1) - Fix(-3.8) * Sqr(36) + Int(2.7) + Fix(2.7) ➔19

 Print Abs(Int(-2.1)) - Abs(Fix(-3.8) * Sqr(36)) + Int(2.7) + Fix(2.7) ➔-11

Show the output of the following programs?

 For X =1 to 4 step 0.5

print Fix( X)
Next X
=================================================
 Print SQR(100)*2.5
=================================================
 Print –ABS(-12.7)
=================================================
 Print ABS ( - 5^2-7+8*2/4+1*2 )
=================================================
 Print SQR(81) ; INT(-9.7); FIX(-9.7); ABS(-6.7)
Date, Time and Now Function
Date and Time Functions

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Print Now
Print Date
Print Time

End Sub
Date and Time Functions

◼ Time :
Print time ‘[Link] pm
◼ Date :
Print date ‘19/10/2011
◼ Now :
Print now ‘19/10/2011 [Link] pm
Examples
 Write a suitable code to show the following output The string is “Computer”
Hint: use ( left , right , mid,ucase )
Co
M
puter
UT
R

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Print Left("Computer", 2)
Print UCase(Mid("Computer", 3, 1))
Print Mid("Computer", 4)
Print UCase(Mid("Computer", 5, 2))
Print UCase(Right("Computer", 1))
End Sub
‫‪Round function :‬‬ ‫اقتران التقريب‬

‫اذا كان العدد‬

‫الصحيح زوجي‬
‫يقرب لألسفل‬
‫وإذا كان فردي‬
‫يقرب لألعلى‬
‫‪CINT function :‬‬ ‫اقتران التقريب‬
 Examples

Private Sub Command1_Click()

x = "123456789"
Sum = Val(Left(x, 1)) + Val(Mid(x, 2, 1))
Print Sum
End Sub 3

Print 2 mod 3 ➔2
Print 1+2 mod 3 *6 ➔3
Print ucase(Mid("computer", 1, 14)) ➔COMPUTER
Print Mid(“ABCDEF", 0, 6) ➔ERROR
Print Mid(“ABCDFXZ", 5, 0) ➔ Print nothing
Print Mid(Chr(97) & UCase("example"), Len("M"), Val(3)) ➔ aEX
Print Round(2.276, 2) ➔ 2.28
Print Round(2.276, 1) ➔ 2.3

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