6492BL: Assignment 3

Module 2 - Organisation of living things. (45

marks)
Student Name: Abby Mead

What you have to do

Before answering the questions, you will need to work through the textbook. Revise Module
2 Organisation of living things. This assignment is compulsory but not assessable. Please
hand write your answers using your own words.

If you have any difficulties, please contact the Science section at TAFE Digital and ask for
help.

Assignment 3, LA023183, 6493BL, Edition 1 1 © New South Wales Technical and Further Education Commission, 2018 (TAFE
NSW), Archive version 1, February 2018
Multiple choice
PART A 10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10
Circle the alternative A, B, C or D below, that best answers the question.

1. For levels of biological organization, what is the correct order?

A. cells, organs, tissues, organisms, organ systems

B. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms
C. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
D. cells, tissues, organs, organisms, organ systems

2. When specialized cells of the same type are joined together, this is an example of?

A. an organ system
B. a tissue
C. an organ
D. an organism

3. A leaf is an example of

A. a cell
B. tissues
C. an organ
D. an organ system

4. Stomata is an example of

A. a cell
B. tissues
C. an organ
D None of the above

5. The relationship description between photosynthesis and the living world is

A. the herbivores, omnivores and carnivores are autotrophs since they are "self-feeding."
B. herbivores are autotrophs, carnivores are heterotrophs, and omnivores are half
autotrophs and half heterotrophs.
C. all heterotrophs are ultimately dependent upon food produced by autotrophs.
D. heterotrophs are called "hetero" because they change sunlight energy into chemical
energy.

Assignment 3, LA023183, 6493BL, Edition 1 © New South Wales Technical and Further Education Commission, 2018 (TAFE
NSW), Archive version 1, February 2018
6. After the thylakoids absorb solar energy, the reaction/s that follow/s is/are

A. respiration
B. light-independent reactions
C. fermentation
D. light-dependent reactions

7. The molecule that originates from the digestive system and is used during aerobic cellular
respiration is
6CO
A. glucose
B. ATP
C. carbon dioxide
D. oxygen

8. Which of the following overall equations represents aerobic cellular respiration?

A. C6H12O6 -----> 2 lactate + 2 ATP

B.6CO2 +6H2O+energy----->C6H12O6 +6O2
6CO +6H O+energy-----
C.C6H12O6 +6O2 ----->6CO2 +6H2O+energy
D. C6H12O6 -----> 2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

9. The stomach in our body represents which level of biological organization?

A. organ system
B. tissue
6CO
C. organ
D. organelle

10. Oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins is received by which chamber of the heart?

A. right atrium
6CO
B. left atrium
C. right ventricle
D. left ventricle.

Assignment 3, LA023183, 6493BL, Edition 1 3 © New South Wales Technical and Further Education Commission, 2018 (TAFE
NSW), Archive version 1, February, 2018.
PART B (35 marks)

Plants
Question 1 (7 marks)

a) Write the word equation which summarises photosynthesis. 1

carbon dioxide + water + glucose + oxygen gas.

b) Explain why roots cannot photosynthesise. 3

Hint: What is needed for photosynthesis? Use this to explain why roots can’t
photosynthesise.

For plants to be able to perform photosynthesis, chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide and
water are needed. However, roots do not contain chlorophyll. So therefore, they are not able
to photosynthesise.

c) If a plant is placed in the dark for three weeks how does this inhibit the coordinated
activities of cells, tissues and organs and contribute to macroscopic processes in the plant. 3

If a plant is placed in the dark for three weeks, it does not have direct access to sunlight.
This will not allow for the correct metabolic process which means that the plant will not
produce energy. This is due to respiration and photosynthesis being prevented from taking
place.

Question 2 (5 marks)

a) Name and describe one current theory to explain the movement of material through the
xylem. 3

The cohesion – tension theory of sap ascent explains how water is transported from the
roots of a plant to the leaves or top of the plant. Water and minerals from the roots are
forced up through the xylem by a negative water gradient that is produced by cotyledons in
the leaves evaporating.

b) Draw and label one longitudinal and one transverse section of xylem tissue. 2

(Longitudinal diagram first, transverse diagram second)

Question 3 (5 marks)

a) Identify the structures involved with transporting organic molecules within plants. 1

The structures involved with transporting organic molecules within plants include the phloem
and vascular bundle.

b) Name and describe one current theory to explain the movement of materials through the
phloem. 3

Pressure flow hypothesis is one of the best supported theories to demonstrate the
movement of food through the phloem. This theory suggests water or liquids containing
molecules of food flow under pressure through the phloem.

c) Draw one longitudinal section of phloem tissue. 1

Animals
Obtaining nutrients, digestion, and transport systems

Question 4 (8 marks)

a) Draw a flowchart to demonstrate the pathway of food through the digestive system of a
mammal. 1
b) For food to be digested it needs to be exposed to the chemicals found in the digestive
system. Suggest how chewing your food before swallowing can help with the exposure of
food to chemicals in the digestive system. 1

When you chew your food before swallowing, it sends signals to the gastrointestinal system
that food is coming. This triggers the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which
helps the food move more smoothly throughout the digestive tract.

c) An animal has canines and sharp molars, a small one chambered stomach and a short
unspecialised set of intestines. Suggest the diet of this animal and show how each of the
features identified above is relevant to this type of diet. 3
Hint: Use a scaffold to construct your answer and discuss each of the features in the
order of the question.

An animal that has canines and sharp molars, a small one chambered stomach and a short
set of intestines may have a carnivorous diet. The description of this animal is very similar to
that of a tiger and that is the basis I am going off.

The canines and sharp molars are used to break down food effectively. Having sharp molars
are beneficial for the animal when chewing large or thick chunks of meat as it minimises the
size of the food and makes it easier for the animal to swallow.

Animals with a small, one chambered stomach typically do not need to eat as much to keep
themselves fuller for longer. Eating small to medium sized animals such as monkeys, goats,
rabbits, foxes, and racoons.

Finally, an animal that has a non-specific set of intestines has intestines similar to humans.
These include the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and small and large intestine. These intestines
help with the transportation of food to allow the animal to produce faeces.

d) State where villi is found in the digestive tract and relate its structure to its function 3

The villi is located towards the beginning of the small intestine. The walls of the villi are only
one cell thick and allow substances to be absorbed easier and quicker. Due to this, it allows
the absorption of nutrients from the lumen in the small intestine. It also allows the nutrients to
pass quicker into the blood due to being quite thin.

Question 5 (10 marks)

a) What is the function of a circulatory system in an animal? 1

The function of the circulatory system in animals is to transport blood throughout the body.

b) In the table below compare the structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins in relation

to their function. Include a drawing of each. 6

 Blood Vessel Drawing
Artery:

Artery walls consist of 3 layers. These

include the tunica intima, tunica media
and tunica adventitia. The tunica
intima is surrounded by connective
tissues and elastic fibres. The tunica
media is a smooth muscle and is also
the thickest layer. Finally, the tunica
adventitia attaches the vessel to
surrounding tissue and has varying
amounts of elastic and collagenous
fibres.
Capillary:

Capillaries typically contain two layers

of cells, these consist of endothelial
cells, and epithelial cells. Endothelial
cells control the flow of gases, fluids,
and nutrients. Whereas epithelial cells
create a protective layer surrounding
the endothelial cells.

Vein:

Similarly to arteries, veins are also

made of three layers. The layers also
have the same names despite having
different functions. The tunica intima
contains a lining of smooth endothelial
cells. This allows blood to move
smoothly through the veins. The tunica
media consists of smooth, contracting
muscle cells that either widen or
narrow to allow blood to move freely.
Finally, the tunica adventitia gives the
veins their shape and structure.

c) List three common characteristics of all respiratory surfaces and explain how each is
important to gas exchange. 3

Hint: This question is not asking for a specific structure. It is asking for similarities all
three have in common.

One characteristic that all respiratory surfaces have in common includes being thin. This is
due to needing to create a small diffusion distance so that gasses can be effectively
exchanged. All respiratory surfaces must also be large in surface area to perform diffusion.
Finally, all respiratory surfaces must be moist in texture to allow all gases to dissolve and
cross the membrane.
When respiratory surfaces are thin, it is more effective in performing gas exchange. This is
due to the distance that the gas must diffuse being minimised. When respiratory surfaces
are large in surface area, it allows for more gas to be diffused into, and out of the lungs. The
increase of gas intake and output makes it important for gas exchange. Lastly, respiratory
surfaces must be moist to allow for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This is a necessity
in the lungs as it promotes healthy exchange of gasses.

Checklist I have:
• circled the correct choice for multiple choice part A on the paper.
• handwritten all my answers in the spaces provided in my own words.
• clearly written my name on the top of this document.

Assignment 3, LA023183, 6493BL, Edition 1 9 © New South Wales Technical and Further Education Commission, 2018 (TAFE
NSW), Archive version 1, February, 2018.