1.5 DIVERGENCE THEOREM The volume integral of the divergence of a vector field over volume is equal to the surface integral of the normal component of this vector over the surface bounding the volume. The divergence of any vector A is given by van 2Ae & Take the volume and ‘on both sides [Jona fff oe Bao (-:dv=de dy de) a ‘Consider an element volume in x direct Hs +] [[[2s aoe - pa | Sea eda Any Ae Ten (i addr -l! Ady de of Ants here, db = dey= component of surface aes Simla, the following integrands become Geos = hs I] aoe = {Jos ifieas- |] [SF ]aoe = fae yy ay = th Ad I ¥.ad = $5 awBe poll : ine = Jo= fot » | ¥ | oom 2 {™ bof mi? yo dk {| 2 | 00 4 Maya Fell Thtensily Re Tifoite log tondache al Gonidy = Oy con a feos, 05 en fon Sain tell P be ony Steal = devant fom Hie (beat Lark Tal Actondirg to ®" in Sarasts Law ye Bai ore Ane ~ «fel Heo ahem ruse Pago 9 Gata 4) ‘ 2 Amt Grnaider & wit ads me ary: pees a 0 ( clout Tale P be aa a distance ob fem | fhe conker tea! netic Fh Hat “otk oe f(ase tye (7) i eqion Jone Heo yw the ; RK ee fo hel wh By H=20 wf Magn Fe faa Fr a a ies ~ Phgpebe fo Tht Ske Guieed Fa nomi nen wage am Geaidn «seb | ee wilh tig con loth L Pog Felel fox Crscula Ire wad & 5 Me Tae 2a) dol rd ofan) diz Ndx i, dis = TNA ode Xe fo 2 wat = NEg8 con todo, og en wos ae ponleser Fede a oSere| wos (Ks) rend Hee NZ/ ore Alm ehCase { 9 lonsid golensi —— Rint Pat ome ond A =q° ae r é Cos) ve if Lt Verte? fer: by = [os L -|* aL Vie” or NL ax Ve - a| electromagnetic hlave Equations d Maxwell equaton proves that, the electye fa F and the magnelle field H are Interdeperdest wri = cE + £28 - ey Oe : yre = - pOR | 7! | “axe Cun) on both aides of 9) ! qa uxfoet 22 geval = Vx [obs 22 qx wei = efuxel sel 9x2 3E Bab according the identity, | geaet = CW) V) finte- tet us consider a perfect dielectary vag? gree. gp chonges [Svn0) for mith Hand & 9 Ps conntdeved Constants, A homegencous maditim which ¢, pave constant Hhinaghent the Mert Thus, cain = stoned LR] whee 1 = PR (ovis oped ahh ee peak - eh | wh peaks peee -3) peat -pede oo ae tae | saga te ume equation fer tmapete fled rane cant on bat aides of 2, *[] | sage =f pea - OS | VeeBy fden Hy, weve =vivel-ve we zo. Thus, o. ~ po de - pe PE ~ve OE - PE -— P Ob oe wet = coat This fs coave Cavalry for electri preld E- Equation 3? and #) ave three dimenstonal wave equations. . The wave equation *. one dimendfonal om ae by asounmning that th propagating tn % az afeection only we - pose - eo wave F pede =0 Oe For free Space, =O) pebe 4 tr ne -o- Poto 2 =o fs ae + Borywasn \ ey Maxwell Eqquahon Goro Aenpetes ow Lave t9) Arapres bon that line eeger A nage Geled titensihy Hoan a chised. “% is ext ts the ‘thant coho by Nhe de d= FEMS 3 Tat cowont TL involves, Conde 00 Gavan and dia placement: Casnont tip (endeashen Covent © Femunh weaisbive, ebrent Cusent spisplacanent Gusent ip Gunont though Gps Gndustion Gavtert peraity bye, coment. lousy Dinplecement (avent r deThis is the Magu cnsalon T. ot Manse indi eurtial on powt fin fom Fapohion q ops | how Statoront —— Memneboenctive. forte around a closed path jg cqtal + te Suro 4 Cemluchin Gnsent dena od puplecoent Cant devel ps Lowi EMP mdued 9 cinuit 2 eqiel fic UX the wate? decrease of incfeane q te range finding the Castuit ve Maxwell Eqate™ 7 from Fa enidosed by te path qd _ Lacombe Fite. the wagrehc, cess lsc al! prem dnt) pet it Marvel yuaben fern Guar Lowe J Flectwe. Tux emg) hosp on fhe chaage 4 d Closed Surdace, 15 equel * enclosect hy fhe Surface Gee {fo-as = a —-% ep -O i gave 4& fyuate © me) (Je doe {i Rey a frown Beit ws Maxwell A = Tha Th Fax We in Integra! Fn 9g GF eda = Gv-Ft feng ce theotern. "eage {ger, ay? Jo bomen © Se Total etectsic dpi duaplacarrant thm —~ Surfale once Volume. 14 equal te Fatt chege hm the Volume. ‘© Maxusell Satter Ben May © Guess Low Toked Magrelie Flax thorugh aang hed Sus fate (4 equal f Zero. +0 Fpeds =o By vag thoes gas [ile [vsavee: * freee) Poywell equakion ih Hfeanbal of point era fom omgrate. Gaby, Law Statement: ict rmgbe Fer Totsh Megat $tux cis placement ffrtugn tha, closed Surface 1g egal te Zong | 7 , fies spite Mido Bo Soo | Manuel! Equation VAS 3D \. TE Ff ~ \ Mosuielt, Eakin Vee s-3B8 : of | hawk Gunbe 9.9=R, eWDrelps) Mawel! uae VB Maxurell & Time vaya E fay) = Reale’ 4 2A = Reap" oF Maxoell Ey Ay VKH Tire Yorgi) Pont pot & M(% Maxwell im = Vide fv Magusll faton, eso uation Fo ov Pranox_#*™ ~s Phectric field & Ope 14 fer + 4 pare oer 428 ot fide. jak Qe Real pot} kee att psa poo" ated - Pea) pod A@)jue = phe jee ets E(b-« =E€aw Sub ©= Bang few = flan aw Shot of FOE. sit HEC AD seins Sub 6 = = Fang. 4 6 [dl “Fiona Ad & Fesna Fbang AW ~ Stan dw = Gio Foams PO “Tangential, Componente field Intersity a the brmdaay in both the ete Femains Same. e) Noe. Feld Healy Continue Dent emt Dhan = Gy Starz —@ pote O8®D Beant = Yay Een? Bens ly @ Fink 2 Dinnt Prone &, ee Dirks Ae SenTanger al Component S) Dis seid te he dee combat nes cass the boundaay Comider a querasian Suances. ax right Gviilay with half Q) cyfinder Beech { Cylinda id other hall in die fe fare, 2 aes) Guass law yy Pt grds=@ “O_- a ® eh 3 » fis = “Dya* bothr* : Dns a “a Qe fs 8 vs Bra Re of Dyas -Dv2= Rf Sreface. charge donslly R= O Dw Dna = © Dya = Dy Nocona fon cleraly fs Contin wos Deg “ Daa = EN Dy = § Fv Dud =Dn2, or Put -) Dy.GE “Ga Ewa Ena = Sa Ewa 8 flectic. Fell ntensily 4 now al Coreg onasit iy bs Gotnuna. OF invenel prepestional. To perenitiity 4 hua maediam . Cy oct ot yy eb \ Eno tb 2a‘STOKE THEOR 4 ae ath: "tals Say vot vector arses quel bor Suid % over any © cuz! | Pwo lsh 4e , | se, | olor 8 orbital Surface woth! the Smal | “rbreaibcabols Cotuiefaked, AE | oS BE (et |. joh fo wy freed vechy by the deliu'tion 4 | tart “Beets Fycledierbes ‘suifeée, G Ned Ss words aldbers on Fadi eates\ ‘normal’ te | edrfare | aed fidicakes clored pol over | Iacrenpenk d's, dees 2 | ; | fi nar as (oxn) av ae : | ape unit veer ot |® The eclese a fabea for 9 belt wt a give by Surface ® Mabegrad Hares |{owas 4, oR o |Ona Peeebae? tsbAT I | Mae fo) g $A-dl arond thes pate sax shoot Time storee tore | Fyre com BY a Cad Nod 9)[ow Le Patag | es aie sere, > . : Jee ap mL \ f “tl his Fl | jrrane ea. . i | fw : J xenaenays ae eT Qa ges Jv sot PE]. [Ds npae =F (o) ~ 48F (0) +7 DD vay “ee wh), ae vx aries Su Ye All detest OrO1OO sh fos out eR + jens [rw fee es ¢ Sf ox ae hem aon | 4a" “ae. wxaen ate eT weed ga Wind] ¥ he te an Ay Ae = angers Ley cy] eLlar tare 7 the ht tbe we ycalfeony 8 a Flow) net - ei em or [ othe) Wert Le (igh | ‘ae Papin’ + wr te¥) IS ee | 247 | Ye rsd) 2G [rerio rated see) | 'bo ae 2 bs [- cor), aoe [-cosb0 + cos 36]EA seks oF valle) ©4 Rare leak ; Loeatgtets omit = Ebnstaes “dreleds matte Ex | a, aaas) LB, 2 - ont yee pond vs vy tha t¥s \~=v ve 6d) + Bade + Eade | 22% wo Berarna) +