School of Pharmacy

Introduction to Emerging Technology

By Kedir M. 1
 CHAPTER ONE
Introduction to Emerging
Technology

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 Emerging technology
 Emerging: “becoming prominent; newly formed and become visible.”

 Emerging technology is a general term used to describe a new

technology, but it may also refer to the continuing development of

existing technology.

 It refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are

expected to be available within the next five to ten years.

 and is usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are
expected to create significant social or economic effects.
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Technologies expected to acquire a huge
market in coming years-Emerging tech.
 Artificial Intelligence: Machine Learning & Deep Learning

 Internet of Things: IoT, Sensors & Wearables

 Immersive Media: VR, AR

 Block chain: Distributed Ledger Systems, Crypto currencies

 Big Data: Infrastructure, Technologies + Predictive Analytics

 Automation: Information, Task, Process, Machine, Decision

 Robots: Construction, Drones & Autonomous Vehicles

 Mobile Technologies: Networks, services & devices 4

 How Much Data is Generated Every Day?
• According to the latest estimates, 328.77 million terabytes of data are
created each day.
 Introduction
 Invention: can be defined as the creation of a product or

introduction of a process for the first time.

 Innovation: occurs if someone improves on or makes a

significant contribution to an existing product, process or

service.

 As Expertise improve on the technology they innovate

it (improve the design)

 Innovation follows from invention. 6

 Cont…
 Technology: "science of the mechanical and industrial arts”

 The application of scientific knowledge to the practical

aims of human life.

 Evolution: means the process of developing by gradual

changes.

 It is about being open to continuing feedback and

adjusting your program(s) accordingly.

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Life would be difficult without technology!
Can you imagine:

 Transportation without the train, airplane or the car?

 Without Communication / telephone?

 Without time saving devices like the Refrigerator,

Washing Machine?

 Life without computer and smart phones?

 With out electric power?

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 Industrial Revolution(IR)
 IR is an increasing in production brought about the use of machines and

characterized by the use of new technologies.

 The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way

goods were produced, from human labor to machines

 It was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place

during the late 1700s and early 1800s.

 It was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and

homes to large factories.

 This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from

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rural areas to big cities in order to work.
 Industrial Revolution(IR)
 The following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transfer the world around us into modern
society.

 The steam engine

 The age of science and mass production

 The rise of digital technology

 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and

machine learning. 10
 Most Important Inventions of the IR

 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel

Engine, The Airplane.

 Communication: The Telegraph, Cable, Internet, Phonograph,

Telephone, cell phone, smart phones.

 Industry: The Cotton Gin, The Sewing Machine, Electric

Lights.

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 Important Inventions- In industry
The Cotton Gin:

 This device mechanized the process of removing

seeds from cotton, something which was done by

hand.
The Sewing Machine:

 The machine allowed for the mass

production of clothing, expanding the

nation's textile industry.
Electric Lights: large factories could be illuminated, extending
shifts and increasing manufacturing output. 12
 Important Inventions - in Communication
The Telegraph: allowed for communications

over long distances.

 It allowed for the interconnection of towns,

which served as stations, and enabled the

system to cover a wider area.

The Transatlantic Cable

 In 1839, the idea of having a cable that stretched across the Atlantic was

just the dream of a few engineers after the invention of the telegraph.
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 Historical Background of IR
 The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output
of machine made goods that began in England in the 1700s

 The first European countries to be industrialized after England

were Belgium, France, and German.

 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects

created by the Agricultural Revolution.

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 Historical Background of IR Cont…
 The four types of industries are:

 The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining,

farming, and fishing.

 The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and

steel.

 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.

 The quaternary industry involves research and development industries

e.g. IT. 15
 The Primary Industries
 Primary industries are those

that produce raw materials

 Agriculture is also a primary

industry as it produces “raw

materials” that require further
processing.

 Example- mining, farming,

forestry, and fishing.
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 The Secondary Industries
 Change raw materials into usable

products through processing &

manufacturing.

 Bakeries that make flour into

bread and factories that change

metals and plastics into vehicles
are examples of secondary
industries.

 Example: making cars and steel.

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 Tertiary Industries Quaternary Industries

• Provide services & support to • The creation & transfer of

allow other levels of industry to information, including
function.
research and training.
• Example: Transportation,
• Example IT
education, housing, medical, ...

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•
 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
 Is described as a transition to

new manufacturing processes.

 The transitions included going

from hand production methods

to machines, the increasing
use of steam power.

 Example: Steam engine

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
 The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution.

 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of methods for

manufacturing interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-

existing technological systems.

 Began using mass production and assembly line.

 The main contributor to this revolution was the development of

machines running on electrical energy

 The most important inventions were invented during this time.

 New technological systems were introduced, such as electrical power

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and telephones
 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 The transition from mechanical and analog electronic technology to

digital electronics.

 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3 0 was given the nickname,

“Digital Revolution”.

 The core factor of this revolution is the mass production and

widespread use of digital logic circuits and

 It’s resulting technologies such as the computer, handphones and the

Internet
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 The advancements in various technologies such as: Robotics, Internet of

Things, Additive manufacturing, Autonomous vehicles. These mentioned

technologies are called Cyber-Physical systems.

 A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a mechanism that is controlled or

monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet

and its users.

 For example in industries;

 The usage of Computer numerical control (CNS) machines.

 Such machine is operated by giving it instructions using a computer.22

 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 Another major breakthrough
that is associated with IR 4.0 is
the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence(AI), where we can
see it being implemented into
our smartphones.

 AI is also one of the main

Anybody Connected device (ABCD)
elements that give life to
Autonomous Vehicles and 23

Automated Robots.
Role of Data For Emerging Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living

in the age of big data.

 It drives or even determines the future of science, technology,

economy, and possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.

 Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but more

importantly, presents enormous challenges that in turn bring

incredible innovation and economic opportunities.
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 Enabling Device and Networks for
Emerging Technologies
 In digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:

A. Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a

spreadsheet or database.

B. Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety

of tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.

C. Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device

interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing
and control operations, and almost every other function a system must
perform. 25
 Cont’d…
D. Network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes,

network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one

another to allow the sharing of data

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 Cont’d…
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers 27
 Human to Machine Interaction(HMI)
 HMI refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a

machine via a user interface.

 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained increasing

attention as they allow humans to control machines through natural and

intuitive behaviors.

 The main human task categories in human-machine interaction are controlling

and problem solving.

 HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with

computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings. 28
 Human to Machine Interaction(HMI)
 HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways

they work together.

 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and

computers by making computers more user-friendly and receptive to the

user's needs.

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 Disciplines Contributing to HCI
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping
tools, user interface management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 User interface(UI)
 The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and

communication in a device.

 It is also the way through which a user interacts with an application or

a website.

 The growing dependence of many businesses on web

applications and mobile applications has led many companies.

 Examples UI:

 computer mouse , remote control, virtual reality, ATMs and speedometer

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 Some Emerging technology trends in 2023
Some Emerging technology trends in 2023:

 5G Networks

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 Autonomous Devices

 Block chain

 Augmented Analytics

 Digital Twins

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Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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AI image generated by Microsoft Bing