Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual APPENDIX RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE EXAMINER MANUAL Receptive Language Skills: 0-6 months 1. Looks intently at the speaker (Score 1: If watches your face when you speak) Suggested activity: Talk to the child. 2. Reacts to sudden or unusual sounds (Score 1: If responds to sounds) Suggested activity: Tap on the table or clap your hands. 3. Turns head to locate the source of sound (Score 1: If turns towards the sounds) Suggested activity: Make sounds at different locations (behind, right, left) and observe. 4. Distinguishes one sound from another (Score 1: If reacts to a different sound, after getting used to one sound) Suggested activity: Make sounds with keys/coins then talk to the child. Receptive Language Skills: 6 to 12 months 5. Responds to name by the cessation of activity for a brief period (Score 1: If present) Suggested activity: Ask the parent to call the child’s name when he/she is not looking at them and observe the response. 6. Anticipates what happens next (Score 1: If reacts {closes eyes, tenses body, holds arms out}) ; Suggested activity: Say “I am going to tickle you”, tickle a few times and observe the Tesponse each time. 7. Responds to “no” (Score 1: Withdraws or pauses while reaching) Suggested activity: Put a ball in front of the child away from the reach, and as the child reaches for the toy say “no-no”. 25| Manual “Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual ‘Do you want to be en ed 8. Responds with a gesture to someone saying, up”? (Score 1: If the child puts hands up to be picked up) Suggested activity: Ask the parent to stand up and ask the child “Do you want on picked up?” Receptive Language Skills: 12 -18 months 9. Follows directions with contextual cues (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use a watch, bag, pen, and kerchief/tissue. Give the watch and say, “put the watch on the chair”. a. b. Give the bag and say, “give the bag to your mom”. c. Give the pen and say, “keep the pen in your pocket”. d. Give the kerchief/tissue and say, “clean your face”. 10. Identifies familiar objects from a group (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Spread apart mobile, comb, bottle, and purse on the table. Ask ‘ the child to point/give. a. Mobile b. Comb c. Bottle d. Purse 11. Identifies body parts (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to show a. Head b. Stomach c. Nose d. Mouth 12. Plays with objects appropriately and maintains attention for two minutes (Score 1: Plays with you or looks at the book for two or more minutes) Suggested activity: Engage the child in pretend play or read a picture book. 26 ogAssessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Receptive Language Skills: 18-24 months 13. Follows two commands with two objects (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use bottle, book, watch, and comb. a. Take the bottle and keep it on the table. b. Put the book in the bag. c. Keep the watch on the floor. d. Use the comb to do your mom’s hair. 14. Identifies pictures of familiar objects (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 1 and ask the child to point. a. Bucket b. Door c. Key d. Bottle 15. Uses objects for different purposes (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use comb, pen, bag, and book. a. Give the comb and say, “Use it as a knife”. b. Give the pen and say, “Use it as a spoon”. c. Give the bag and say, “Use it as a bucket”. d. Give the book and say, “Use it as a pillow”. 16. Answers simple yes/no questions = —- (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Point to the child’s feet and ask if it is a hand? b. Point to the mobile and ask if it can be used to listen to music? c. Point to the bottle and ask if it can be used to fill juice? d. Point to the bottle and ask if it is a pen? Receptive Language Skills: 24-30 months 17. Knows the concept of big/small/less/more (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use small book, big book, small pencil, and big pencils. 27YY Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Give me the big book. - Give me the small pencil. Take one pencil and say give me more pencils. Show me the hand with fewer pencils. ae Pe 18. Identifies cloths (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to show a. Socks b. Kerchief c. Dress d. Curtain 19. Identifies objects by their function/use (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use mobile, key, money, watch, and book. a. Show me something you can use for talking. b. Show me something you can read. c. Show me something you can use for buying things. d. Show me something you use for opening the door. 20. Identifies colours (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Draw a green, red, blue, and yellow circle on a paper. Show me the green circle. b. Show me the red circle. c. Show me the blue circle. d. Show me the yellow circle. S Receptive Language Skills: 30-36 months 21. Understands directions (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Place the pen next to the window. b. Keep the purse near the bottle. c. Stand beside me. d |. Go around the chair. 28Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual 22. Understands spatial concept (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use pen and box. a. Put the pen in the box. Put the pen on the box. Put the pen under the box. Put the pen behind the box. aos 23. Understands differences in meaning (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 2 a. Show me the legs of the big bear. b. Show me how you feel when you fall down and get hurt. c. Use your fingers and show me how you go down the slide. d. Put your fingers on the cycle and show me how the cycle moves front and back. 24. Understands the use of objects (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 3. a. Show me something you can clean the floor with. b. Show me something you can ride. c. Show me something you can cut with. d. Show me something you can wear. Receptive Language Skills: 3.0 to 3.6 years 25. Follows two-part requests (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use kerchief/tissue and purse. a. Pick up the kerchief and fold it. b. Put your hands together and jump. ¢. Walk to the door and sit down. d. Put the purse on the table and close your eyes. 26. Understands primary emotion (Score 1: Any three correct responses) 29“Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Suggested activity: Use Pie 4. Show me the angry face. Show me the happy face. Show me the surprise face. Show me the sad face. oo a 27. Compares objects (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 5- a. Which one is empty? b. Which one is round? c. Which one is small? d. Which one is long? 28. Understands the concept of same and different (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 6 and ask the child to show which ones are the same an¢ which ones different. Receptive Language Skills: 3.6 to 4.0 years 2g. Understands night and day concept (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 7. When do you have breakfast? b. When do you need the lights on? c. When is the school open? d. When do shops close? a. 30. Counts up to five Score 1: Any three correct responses) uggested activity: Use pencils to display in groups corresponding to each questio Which one shows one? Which one shows three? Which one shows five? Which one shows two? 30Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual 31. Matches shapes (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Draw all the shapes on a paper and then ask the child to show. a. Circle b. Star c. Square d. Triangle 32. Sorts by one exclusion criterion (Score 1: Any two correct responses with at least two items) Suggested activity: Use Pic 8. a. Show me all the things we cannot eat. b. Show me all the things we cannot play with. c. Show me all the things we cannot wear. Receptive Language Skills: 4 to 4.6 years 33- Understands differences in quantity (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 9. a. In which building can more people stay? b. Which tree gives less shade? c. Which book has fewer stories? d. With which pencil can you write more? 34. Knows about everyday stuff (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Show me what you do with the keys? b. Show me what you do with the broom? c. Show me what do you do with the knife? d. Show me what you do with the socks? 35. Follows 2-3 step related directions related to routine (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use small book, bag, pens, keys, and paper. 31Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual the bag on the table. a. Pick up the book, put it in the bag, and keep b. Pick up two pens and give one to your mom and one to me. c. Goto the window, open and close it, and come back. d. Get the keys, go to the door, and lock it. 36. Categorizes using the given criteria / (Score 1: Any two correct responses. All three items need to be recognized) Suggested activity: Use Pic 10, Pic 11, and Pic 12. a. Find the things that can fly. b. Find the things that you wear. c. Find the things that you eat. Receptive Language Skills: 4.6 to 5.0 years 37. Understands descriptive concept (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Say the options dog, farm, park, zoo, bus, train, jail, mouse a. This is where children go to see wild animals. b. This is where thieves are taken. c. This carries many people. It also has many wheels which moves on tracks. d. It is an animal which guards the house. 38. Understands categories (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 13 and ask the child to show the one that does not belon in each column and tell why. 39. Understands left-right concept (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Raise your right hand. b. Put your left leg in front. c. Point to the person on your right side. d. Show me something on your left side. 40. Understands part-whole relationships (Score 1: Any three correct responses) 32Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Suggested activity: Use Pic 14 and ask the child to show the pictures that are related to each other. 41. Identifies different coins/notes (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Use five different real currencies (Notes: Rs 10, Rs 50, Rs 100; Coins: Rs 2 and Rs 5) and ask the child to name them. Receptive Language Skills: 5-6 years 42. Understands jobs (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 15 and ask the child to show a. One who helps you to learn. One who delivers letters. One who catches thieves. One who treats illness. One who repairs. eeaes 43. Shows the stated letter (Score 1: All correct responses) Suggested activity: Write the letters and ask the child to show ene se comwrnm Se 44. Shows the stated numbers (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Write the numbers and ask the child to show 18 9 17 12 6 epeaecorP 335 ‘Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual 45. Knows sequencing of the book from left to right and top to botton, (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Use a book and ask the child to: a. Find the title of the book. Show the top of the page. Find the back of the book. Use your finger and pretend to read this line. Show the bottom of the page. eases 46. Understands descriptive words (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 16 and ask the child to show something that is a. Tiny Beautiful Scary Long Fast Hot mo ae o 47. Comprehends the main idea (Score 1: All correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 17 and ask the child to choose a sentence that make sense to match with the picture. 1. a. Itis a windy day. pb. She does not want a hat. 2. a. He wants to eat more. b. He has a stomachache. 3. a. The girl is lost. b. The girl has a new haircut. 4. a. The cake is very big. b. Today is her birthday. Receptive Language Skills: 6-7 years 48. Listens and follows 2-3 step directions (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 18 and ask the child to pretend to draw. Draw a circle around the door and join that to the sun. . After you draw a line under the spoon, point to the banana. Draw a star next to the ladder and show me the fruit. Before you show the ladder, show me what you use when it rains. Draw a triangle around the saw and then touch the utensils. * YY sae Pp‘Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual 49- Comprehends use of five senses (Score 1: Any four correct responses) suggested activity: Which sense(s) could you use to describe a car? Which sense(s) could you use to describe a flower? Which sense(s) could you use to describe a pillow? Which sense(s) could you use to describe a bell? Which sense(s) could you use to describe a lemon? a. seaos 50. Awareness of phonemic skills (Score 1: All correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to break this into two words (E.g., the railroad has rail and road). a. Blackboard Toothbrush Raincoat Buttermilk Teacup cass 51. Ranks items by the given attribute (Comparative relationship) (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Point from the biggest to the smallest horse | elephant | dog b. Point from the shortest to tallest boy | mountain |tree c. Point from the slowest to fastest horse | turtle | cat d. Point from coldest to hottest water | coffee| ice-cream e. Point from heaviest to lightest pall | balloon | stool 52. Understands the concept of Ordinal Numbers (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Write numbers - 3, 5, 6,7, 9, 8, 4 ina line Show me the first one in line. Show me the last one in line. Show me the third one in line. Show me the middle one in the line. Show me the second last one in the line. sae oP 3553. Works independently on a given task (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to copy these sentences. a. Ram likes to play with dogs. The goat chased a flying bird. Cars went slow on the road. They could not get down together. That man has a yellow coat. pangs 54. Indicates the body parts on self (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to show Forehead Fingernails Elbow Eyelashes Shoulder fae oe Receptive Language Skills: 7-8 years 55. Comprehends quantity (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use six pencils. a. Give me half of the pencils. b. Give me zero pencils. c. Give me almost all the pencils. d. Make three groups of pencils, divide them unevenly. e. Keep two pencils and give the rest to me. f. Arrange the pencils according to the length. 56. Understands directional words in a 3x3 grid (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 19. a. Point to the top right corner. b. Point to the middle left. c. Point to the bottom centre. 36 ment of Language Development: A Manipal ManualAssessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual g. Point to the centre. e. Point to the left bottom corner. {, Point to the middle right. 57. Auditory memory Skills (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to repeat in the correct order. . 3,9) 5,81 . H,B,Q,T,Y S,3,K, 8,4 |. square, circle, triangle, diamond, star cup, mug, table, spoon, plate green, yellow, white, blue, red meacge 58. Knows to read time from the clock (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 20. a. Which one shows half past 7? b. Which one shows quarter past 4? c. Tea break starts at 10 am. There are 15 minutes left for the break. What time is it? d. Leela’s school closes at 4. She needs two hours to reach home. What time does she reach home? e. Point to the clock in which both the needles are pointing towards the same number. £ Point to the clock which matches the time closer to sunrise or sunset. 59. Knows ordinal numbers (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 21. a. Show the seventh square from the left. . Show the fifth square from the right. Show the second square from the left. |. Show the first black square from the right. Show the third red square from the left. Show the first blue square from the left. mepaos 3760. Knows the use of a calendar Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 22. a. b. mone Show me the fourth Saturday in August. Show me the last Sunday in August. Show me the first day in August. How many weeks are there in August? Show me the day which occurs five times in August. Show me the even dates in the second week of August. 61. Understands linguistic relationships (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to respond by saying yes/no. ope ge th Rama was chased by Mohan. Was Mohan chased? The tree fell on the bike. Was the bike at the bottom? At the end of the intermission, the bell rang. Did the show end? The table had coffee marks after breakfast. Did the coffee spillover? Three boys in the queue did not get the chocolates that were distributed. Wa there a shortage of chocolates? Yesterday was wet and today it is opposite. Is it raining today? 62. Knows the time concept (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: a. b. Yesterday was Saturday. What day is tomorrow? Saturday | Friday | Sunday | Monday Tomorrow is Friday. What day was yesterday? Wednesday | Saturday | Sunday | Thursday Which month comes right after June? August | July | September | May Which month comes right before April? May | June | February | March Which date falls between 13th and 15th of August? 12th | 14th | 16th | 17th The new year begins after which month? June | December | January | April * ogs Sn Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Receptive Language Skills: 8-10 years 63. Understands concepts (few more, estimating, compare, and after) (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to point to the correct answer. 3. Last year Mona’s first standard class had 20 children. This year she has fewer children. How many children does she have in her class? 18 children 24 children 20 children b. What comes next? 3, 6, 9, 12 c. Raj and Rosa are of the same size. Raj can hold 8 pencils in his one hand. Rosa can hold more. About how many can Rose hold in one hand? 4 pencils 11 pencils 22 pencils d. Lee and Dan collect pins. Lee has about 50 pins. Dan has almost the same number of pins as Lee. About how many pins does Dan have? 53 pins 51 pins 48 pins e. Compare and tell the correct answer that will fithere: 28is___—24. < less than > more than = equals f. Manu was born in 2007. Will her 18th birthday be before or after 2023? 64. Follows multi-step directions (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Use paper and pencil/pen. a. Drawa square and make five stars in it. b. Drawa circle on the right side of the paper and put a dot in the middle. c. Drawa line above a square and a smaller triangle below. d. Draw a circle in the middle of the paper and write three letters of the English alphabet in it. . Draw two parallel lines on the left side of the paper and then cut them into equal halves. 39assessment of Language Development AManipal Manual {Write three numbe corner. rs in the bottom left of the paper and one dot at the top 5 ig, 65. Understands directional words in a5°5 grid (Score 1: Any five correct responses) , Ask the child to track his finger along the griq Suggested activity: Use Pic 23. a. Start at the top right corner and go down two blocks. b. Start at the bottom right corner and go uP to four squares diagonally. c. Start on the bottom left and go right two squares. d._ Start in the centre and go up one square. e. Start at the top up eft corner and go down three squares. f, Start at the centre square and go down diagonally. 66. Knows to sequence (Score 1: correct order of ' occurrences) Suggested activity: Write the items on a paper. and arrange them in the right order to make sense. Ask the child to read the sentenc, He then put the letter inside an envelope. (4) a. b. Rajiv's mom told him that he should write a letter thanking grandma. (2) c. From there he mailed the letter. (6) d. Yesterday, Rajiv received a gift from his grandma in the mail for his birthday. @) e. Today he wrote a letter thanking her for his gift. (3) £. Next, he wrote the address and took it to the post office. (5) 67. Knows synonyms (Score 1: Any five correct responses) pads activity; Write the items ona paper. Ask the child to lookat the underline word in each sentence and find a word from the list that means the same a8 th underlined word. His clothes were muddy. i Hie (dirty) Cheap Baggy Dirty eeoe 40Assessment af Language Development: A Manipal Manual , She was always smiling. a. Never p. Rarely Forever (. Sometimes 3. she watched as the sun came up. a. Shined b. Heard c. Felt d. Looked 4 She knew the hidden plan. a. Open b. Known c. Lost d. Secret The brother yelled for his sister to come home. Cared Called . Heard |. Belled Bee oP oO Mom asked to split and share the candy between two children. Use Eat . Divide » Taste ae oR Oo 68. Executes multi-step actions Score 1: (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Ugested acti vity: (forever) (looked) (secret) (called) (divide) Ss your fingers, stand up, turn around in a circle, and look at someone in the Toom, b A Shake your head to indicate “No”, count the chairs in the room, point to the cor 5 er of the room, and wiggle your fingers. 4Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual < Snap your fingers four times, pretend to put a shirt on, look at the floor, a, , name something blue. d. Say your name, pretend to wash your hands, tap on the table thrice, and touch your nose. e. Pretend to sneeze, walk to the door, count to five, and wave with one hand, Blink your eyes, pretend to take your watch off, name a shape, and say “Io, over there.” 69. Knows to combine sentences (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Write the choices on a paper. Ask the child to listen to both the sentences and combine them using the correct choice. (but, for, though, and, while, which, who) a. The boy gave his pen to his friend. He did not want to share it. (though) b. The Kangaroo is walking across. It is known for its pouch. (which) c. He isa writer. He wrote many books. (who) d. Raju isa bright boy. Raju is very lazy. (but) e. Hesaw the shop. He was going in the bus. (while) f. Ravi fell from the tree. He hurt himself. (and) 70. Knows homophones (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Write the items and choices on a paper. Ask the child to point to the correct choice. a. The auto driver was charging the woman very high __. (fair - fare) b. The lion hunted the whole day for its_. (pray - prey) c. The fat man had no other ___ to lose weight. (way - weigh) d. The people of the city went in line to____ their vote. (caste - cast) e. The woodcutter lost the __ to home. (root - route) f. The mother asked her son to help her to___ the carrots. (great - grate) 71. Has decision making skills (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Write the items and choices on a paper. Ask the child to use tl can't, I don’t know, I shouldn't, I didn’t, and I don’t understand. a. Take the grapes kept in front of you and throw it all around. (I shouldn't) b. Before you get up, carry the chair up. (I can’t) 42Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual a Make a square round around the box kept on the floor. (I don’t understand) g, Get the one left outside this room in the morning. (I don’t know) e f. Looks like you have prepared breakfast today for everyone. (I didn’t) You should always carry that with you without fail. (I don’t understand) 72, Knows idioms and phrases (score 1: Any three correct responses) suggested activity: Write the items and choices on a paper. Ask the child to use appropriate idioms and phrases with the options given. (turn red; take home; by heart; black sheep; stared into space) John was in VII standard. He was very lazy. Once his teacher asked him to learn apoem___. He played all day and forgot what the teacher had asked him to do. The next day the teacher asked him to recite the poem. John was unable to speak. He__ and his face began to . The teacher told him that he was a in the class. The message was that laziness does not help one. (Correct responses corresponding to the blanks: by heart, stared into space, turn red, black sheep, take home) 43Expressive Language Examiner Manual Expressive Language Skills: 0-6 months 1. Able to express pleasure, hunger, or attention seeking (Score 1: If laughs, cries, or whines) Suggested activity: Talk to the child and then go away. 2. Vocalizes in response to singing and speech (Score 1: If responds) Suggested activity: Sing/talk to the child. 3. Takes turns vocalizing (Score 1: If initiates communication/stops babbling in response to speech) Suggested activity: Ask the mother to talk to the child. 4. Experiments with the production of. sounds when alone or with others (Score 1: If present) Suggested activity: Move a colourful cloth/object in the child’s vicinity. Expressive Language Skills: 6-12 months 5. Produces syllables using at least two vowel sounds and two consonant sounds (Score 1: At least four different sounds) Suggested activity: Ask the parent to interact with the child using familiar toys/ objects 6. Begins to communicate non- verbally (Score 1: If pushes/pulls/shakes the head/participates in simple activity) Suggested activity: Use the ball and paper. Take the ball and ask the child “Do)” want to play with the ball?”, then take a paper and ask the child “Do you want to pl 44 >Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual with the paper?” After that, play with the child based on what was opted. After some time, take the object back and continue to play without the child. 7, Says “amma” or “appa” meaningfully and consistently (Score 1: Uses at least one word meaningfully) suggested activity: Point to mother/father and ask, “Who is this”? g. Vocalizes with intent or able to direct attention to toys or objects (Score 1: If vocalizes to get attention/change activity) Suggested activity: Take a toy vehicle, keep it at a distance, and then keep looking at it. Expressive Language Skills: 12-18 months u g. Repeats the words (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to say a. Mama/mummy b. Door c. Tata/bye d. Papa/ daddy 10. Names objects (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Point to four objects in the room like chair, book, light, and ball and ask the child to name. 11. Uses function words (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Ask the mother to enact crying and observe the child’s reaction. b. Showa photo from the mobile, then put it away and see if the child asks for it. c. Pretend to eat something from a bag and observe the child’s reaction. d. Take away the mother’s/child’s object and observe the child’s reaction. 12. Says few words in spontaneous speech (Score 1: For consistent use of words) Suggested activity: Observe during interactions. 45f Language Development: A Manipal Manual 8-24 months Expressive Language Skill 13. Uses pronouns/possessives (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Point to mom and ask, “Whose mom is this?” b. Point to the table in the room and ask, “Whose table is this”? c. Point to the mother’s mobile and ask, “Whose phone is it?” d. Point to child’s object or body parts and ask “Whose ___ is this?” 14. Verbalizes wants (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. When you want to go out, what do you say? b. When you are thirsty, what do you say? c. When you want to listen to a song, what do you say? d. When you are dirty, what do you say? 15. Associates objects with sounds (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to make the sounds of a a. Cat b. Bike c. Crow d. Train 16. Uses 2-3-word phrases (Score 1: If present) : Suggested activity: Speak with the child about his favourite food/animal/toy. Expressive Language Skills: 24-30 months 17. Names pictured objects in singular/plurals (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 24 and ask the child to name each one. 18. Repeats phrases (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to repeat. 46Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual a. The food is ready. b, The chair is very heavy. «Today it is raining. d. Pink rose is beautiful. 19. Engages in social play (Score 1: If the child engages with an adult for 2-3 minutes) Suggested activity: Play with the parent and child using the ball. 20. Uses 3-4-word phrases (Score 1: If present) Suggested activity: Speak with the child about his favourite food/animal/toy. Expressive Language Skills: 30-36 months 21. Answers “Wh” questions (what, where, who, yes, no questions) (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Who tells you stories? b. What does a cow eat? c. Where do you buy chocolates? d. Doyou sleep in the kitchen? 22. Uses continuous tense (Score 1: Any three correct use of verb+ing forms) Suggested activity: Use Pic 25. Point to each picture and ask the child to describe the event. 23. Combines 4-5 words in a sentence (Score 1: Uses two or more four to five-word sentences) Suggested activity: Use story retell or ask the child to tell about his/her siblings, friends or any other topic of interest. 24. Demonstrates imaginative acts (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Can you act like your mom or dad? b. Can you move like a bus or a car? 47| “Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual _ of Language Developers’ -———— — c. Can you behave like a cat or a dog? d. Can you do like a bird? Expressive Language Skills: 3.0 - 3-6 years 25. Knows more personal information (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Whatis your full name? (Prompt the opposite of correct name so the child can state the correct one) . Where do you live? Or where is your home? c. Who lives in your house? d. Do you go to school? If yes, what is your school’s name? 26. Lists few items in the named category (Score 1: Any two correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Name three food items that you eat for breakfast. b. Name three animals which you can see in the street/outside. c. Name three things that you like to wear. 27. Uses prepositions (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use pencil and box. a. Put the pencil behind the box and ask where the pencil is. b. Put the pencil in front of the box and ask where the pencil is. ¢. Put the pencil under the box and ask where the pencil is. d. Put the pencil beside the box and ask where the pencil is. 28. States the function of the object (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. What do you do with a pillow? b. What do you do with a soap? c. What do you do with a comb? d. What do you do with scissors? 48Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Expressive Language Skills: 3.6 — 4.0 years 29. Repeats sentences (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ihave a small cat named pussy. The wind is cold in the winter. All the teachers are working hard today. The book under the bed is heavy. aoa 30. Uses analogies (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Icecreamis cold, but coffeeis__. (hot) b. Worm is short but a snake is___. (ong) c. Tomato is red but the banana is__. (yellow) d. MomistallbutIam__. (short) 31. Relates simple experience (Score 1: Relates about two experiences using at least three sentences) Suggested activity: Ask the child about the school, friends, games, or home. 32. Retells simple, familiar stories heard before (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to listen to the story and then answer the questions. a. Who was the animal in the story? (fox) b. Which was the fruit in the story? (grapes) c. Where were the fruits? (vineyard) 4. What did the animal do at last? (went away) FOX AND THE GRAPES Once upon a time, there lived a fox. One day he got very hungry. He went in search of food. He could not find any food. At last, he reached a vineyard. Bunches of grapes were hanging down from the vines. He wanted to get them badly. His mouth began to water. However, the grapes were very high. He tried to reach the grapes. He Jumped and jumped again and again. But all his efforts were useless. The grapes 49 arareeeteAssessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual were too ,0 high for him to reach. He got tired. He was sure that he could not grapes. He gave up the attempt and went away saying that the grapes were Sony he did not want the sour grapes. Expressive Language Skills: 4.0—4.6 years 33. Uses different vocabulary (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Name three things in the kitchen. Name three things that are in the sky. Name three things that are hot. Name three things that are sharp. aors 34. Answers functional questions (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. When do you see the stars? b. Why do you go to hospital? c. How do you go to school? d. Which game do you play with the ball? 35- Completes sentences and recognizes emotions (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Alittle boy cries because heis__. (hurt/hungy) b. When you hear the loud thunder, it makes you feel__. (scared) c. The children did not listen to their mom and it made her feel__. (sad) d. When your dad buys you ice cream, you feel__. (happy) 36. Expresses the opposites in context (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 27 a. This light is off and this one is. : (on) b. This pencil is short and thisoneis (long) c. These clothes are dry and these are . (wet) d. Elephant is bigandanantis 0 (small/tin) * 2Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Expressive Language Skills: 4.6 — 5.0 years 37. Expresses plurals: (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell appropriate plurals (E.g., Here is one chair, there are many chairs). a. Here is one girl, there are three. . (girls) pb. Here is one flower, there are many. . (flowers) c. Here is one dog, there are two. . (dogs) d. Here is one book. Here are some. , (books) 38. Expresses meaning and association between words and categories (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Whichistaller? _ giraffe | horse | rabbit (giraffe) b. Which is faster? cycle | auto-rickshaw | car (car) c. Which is bigger? cupboard | chair | stool (cup board) d. Which is sweeter? chips | chocolate | biscuit (chocolate) 39. Describes the words in two to three sentences (Score 1: Any three correct descriptions) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell about a. Ice cream b. Mosquito c. Cycle d. Shoes 40. Gives directions (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Pretend that you are the teacher and teach me how to write. b. Pretend that you are mummy and tell me what I should do after I wake up. ¢. Pretend that I am your friend and tell me what we should play. d. Pretend that I am your dad and tell me where to go. 41. Classifies and categorizes (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Use Pic 27. 51nguage Development: A Manipal Manual Point to the auto and ask how it is different from the rest. Point to the cycle and ask how it is different from the rest. Point to the train and ask how it is different from the rest. Point to the bus and ask how it is different from the rest. ae oe Expressive Language Skills: 5.0 — 6.0 years 42. States the functions (Score 1: Any four correct responses) ; Suggested activity: Use Pic 28 and ask the child to state the functions. 43. Lists items in a category (Score 1: Any three correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to name four a. Furniture b. Pet animals c. Utensils d. Games 44. Describes the word (Score 1: Any three correct responses. Each response should have 3-4 details) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell everything about a. Ant b. Summer c. Bed d. Water 45. Builds sentences using given words (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to use the words given to make a sentence (E: jumped, on, his. The boy jumped on his bed). a. Clean | floor | cloth Tree | mango | fell Table | on | apple His | sleep | dog Sky | high | aeroplane feacs 52?Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual a Expresses primary emotions (score 1: Any four correct responses) suggested activity: a, Ramu gets anew cycle. While riding that, the wheel gets punctured. How does he feel? (sad) p. Seema scores highest in the class. How does she feel? (happy) c, Vikrant is alone at home in the night. Suddenly the lights are blown off. How does he feel? (scared) d. Sanjay loves ice-cream. Raju snatches the ice-cream when Sanjay is eating it. How does Sanjay feel? (angry) e. Somu returns home from school. Suddenly, he sees the house decorated for a party. How does he feel? (surprised) 47. Uses adjectives to describe things (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to select a word that describes - Sweet, soft, bright, large, long a. Train Stars Pillow Cake Elephant epacs Expressive Language Skills: 6.0 — 7.0 years 48. Listens, remembers and expresses the information (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Write your name on the line. “What did I ask you to do?” My sister rode the bike. “Who rode the bike?” Arun wanted to go to his aunt’s wedding. “Where did Arun want to go?” That telephone is ringing loudly. “How does telephone sound?” Ram went to see the doctor after school. “When did Ram go to the doctor?” I washed my shoes because they were dirty. “Why did I wash my shoes?” a epeaose 49. Answers questions related to a story (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to listen to the story and then answer the questions. 53 , ~—_—eAssessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual ‘One morning a little girl and her mother went to the market to buy Some veget,y On their way, they saw three monkeys climbing a tree, a dog barking at the atts, g Mi ‘The girl liked the monkeys the best. a cow eating grass ; a. What was the story about? (girl) b. Who went out? (girl and mom) c. Where did they go? (market) d. Why did they go? (to buy vegetables) e. What animals did they see? (monkeys, dog, coy) f. Which one did the girl like the most? (monkeys) 50. Describes cause and effect (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell the effect of (E.g., The cause is ‘Amrutha jy from the tree’; the effect is that ‘she got hurt’). a. The boy practised spelling words every day. (scores high in spelling) b. There are dark clouds in the sky. (it will rain) c. Prem was flying a kite and let go of the string. (kite flies off) d. The forest fire burnt a large area. (animals and trees burn) e. Bharat is absent from school. (sick/function) f. The girl ate spoilt food. (stomach upset) 51. Works independently on a given task (Score 1: Any four correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to copy the sentences. Ram likes to play with dogs. The goat chased a flying bird. Cars went slow on the road. They could not get down together. That man has a yellow coat. This town has many shops open. ee Sd 52. Expresses ideas for a variety of situations (Score 1: Any five correct logical explanations) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell what to do in the situations. a. A stranger is knocking on the door. b. You want to buy ice cream, and your mother says, “no”. ¢. You lost your friend’s pencil and he does not know that you lost it. 54ment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual you are late to go to school. ris raining and you do not have an umbrella to go home. dad's bike stops in the middle of the road. You Asks “Wh” questions eee 1: Any five correct responses) (‘s vu uagested activity: "you see Your friend crying. You want to help him. What will a you ask? (why) b. You see your brother packing his suitcase. You want to know the reason for it. What will you ask? (where) c. There is anew boy/girl in your class. You want to know about him/her.What will you ask? (what) 4. Your mom purchases dresses for everyone. You are waiting to try yours. What will you ask? (which) e. Your dad promises to treat you. You are eager to go to the hotel. What will you ask? (when) f, The phone rings and your mother picks it up. She calls you saying it is for you. What will you ask? (who) 54. Classifies and categorizes (Score 1: Any five acceptable responses) Suggested activity: a. Lilly lost her kitten and wanted another pet. What could she get? b. Ramesh was hungry but did not want any rice. What could he eat? ©. Satish went to a farm to see his grandpa. He did not like the pant that he was wearing. What could he wear? |. The teacher asked the children to bring a green vegetable to school. Tara did not have any beans. What could she take? ~ Durga likes to watch the stars at night. What else could she have seen? ' Leena was bitten in the garden. It was not a mosquito. What else could that be? Expressive Language Skills: 7.0 — 8.0 years 55: Expresses language association Sc 7 F “ore 1: Any five correct responses) uggested activity: 55 , ——eOs Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual epaerre The grass was after the storm. (moist/ soaked) It is cool today. (rather/fairly) He wore a uniform he had to go to school. (therefore/ I saw many planes flying us. (beyond/above) se) Gopal and Robert do the work of the leader by turns, on days. (alternate/same) The weather turned out to be false. (prophecy/pregi ction 56. Identifies and reasons the odd one (Score 1: Any five correct which and why responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell which one does not belong and why. mpaogs flower, root, branch, leaf hammer, saw, screwdriver, knife happy, angry, sad, scared elephant, tiger, lion, cheetah brick, cement, window, sand skeleton, heart, skull, bone 57. Recalls information presented in auditory mode (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to repeat the sentences. me ae oe There is a long snake on top of the hill. Do not scribble anything on your answer papers with pen today. His loud snore kept me awake the whole night yesterday. Sweat dripped down his neck after he ran a marathon. 1 like division more than addition and subtraction in mathematics. The stray dog was following me around every other day. 58. Describes word meaning (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Which word means to be accurate? (esa Exact Right Proper Late ad) Which word means something ive on? (ro Shoes 56Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual Road stop Door <, Which word means to lift up? (raise) Find Raise Release Haul 4. Which word does not mean enormous? (huge) Big Huge Immense Heavy e. Which word means to dro; wn? (fall) Fall Lift Narrow Depth f. Which word does not mean quantity? (fast) Heavy Short Deep Fast 59. Gives directions (Score 1: For correct sequence and description of rules) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell how to play a game of his choice. 60. Able to infer (Score 1: Any five correct responses with reasons) Suggested activity: Ask the child to select the correct answer from the choice with Teasoning. 4. “It is cold in here,” said grandma as she shivered. What would she like you to do? Open the window Give her a hug ‘ Give her a sweater - Ram was running a fever in class. What would help Ram? 57ce. d. e f. Anew toy Food I did not know how to do my homewor Teacher Mother Friend Everyone on Monday and Swa' Swati always wears WI Swati cannot find her re ‘Swati is in the {team My cat has brown and orange stripes; k. Who cannot help me? am wears a white uniform on Mondays, |; 1s n the school cricket te: i ti is wearing @ white uniform. hite clothes gular uniform it wants to be fed. My ca, it meows when i jis meowing now. The cat wants to g0 outside The cat is hungry The cat does not like brown and orange stripes The car knocked the electric pole down. The wires were cut. The doctors arrived The lights were blown off The driver started fixing the wires 61. Clarifies and explains ideas (Score 1: Any five acceptable responses. Each response should include at least three points) Suggested activity: a. Whois your best friend and what makes that person special? chool and why? b. c. d. e. f. Name three good things about your si Name three bad things about TV and why? |. Do you think the teachers should give homework every day? If yes, why; if not, why? Tell me what you want to become when you grow up and why? Tell me about a place that you like and why? 62. Expresses time (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: a. Itis 8am now. I have to go to school in half an hour. (half past 8) > What time will it be when I leave?> Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Marual _ 7 Today is the fifth of June. My friend's birthday is seve days from now. What will be the date? (12) This is September. We went on vacation four months ago. which month was that? (April) My sister is 5 years old now. In which year was she born? . (Minus 5 years from the year of test administration) My brother is presently studying in the fourth standard. His school permits children of the seventh standard only to go for a picnic. In which year can my brother go? (Add 3 years from the year of test administration) You will get your license to drive when you reach 18 years. How many years do you have to wait to get your license? 63. Corrects absurdity (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Rephrase the sentence to get the correct meaning. The camel’s trunk is big. When you pedal, the cycle stops moving. One can eat a banana before peeling it. You need more salt in your coffee. I need to buy a ticket for my auto. Lightening is more visible during daytime. mp pe re Expressive Language Skills: 8.0 — 10.0 years 64. Able to compare and contrast (Score 1: Any five correct responses with at least two explanations each) Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell how these items are alike as well as different. Book and newspaper Butterfly and bird Knife and Scissors - Well and water tank Laptop and TV Mirror and glass peescesP 59p gesessment of Language Development: ‘A Manipal Manual 65. Formulates questions . . (Score 1: Any five correct responses witha minimum of two questions each Suggested activity: ; jggestec YU. would go to the bus stop to pick up Bran, iy What should she ask her mom a. Bharati’s mom told her that they hem ona trip. She wants tok yy Bharati wants to know the date and time. b. Bhavani’s dad told the family that he will take t more about the trip. What should she ask her dad? ; Our teacher is conducting a reading contest. An award will be given 1, the student who reads more variety of books in one month. What should the teache ask at the end of the month? : : d. Your doctor told you that brushing your teeth every day is very important, Yn don’t understand the reason and time for brushing. What question should Ym ask your doctor? Watching TV all the time is bad. But some programs are good to watch, You want to know about it. What will you ask? Birthday celebrations are planned in the same way every year. You want to hay, achange. What will you ask? 66. Expresses antonyms (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to look at the underlined word in each senteno: and find another word from the list that means the opposite of the underlined word a. There was an intense fire in the forest. (mild) Mild Extreme Strong Great b. The bedroom was always messy. Mixed Tidy Orderly Dirty c. ea friends were intimate with each other. (distant) uper Near Close Distant (tidy) 60Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal Manual ual a d no real money to go shoppi g, They ha eee (fake) Need More Fake His The shopkeeper was generous with children. (stingy) Lavish Mean Liberal stingy Itis compulsory for the students to complete their homework. (optional) Required Optional Necessary Possible 67. Expresses cause and effect (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: a ae | A group of friends planned a party. Each one cont ~ Mina wants to go on a school trip. She has moti Pavan forgot to put his bike inside and left on vacation. It rained for days and his bike was in the rain for weeks. What was the effect of the rain on the scooter? The Sams lived outside the city by the river on a farm. They grew flowers and vegetables in their garden by the river. There was water scarcity. What is its effect? . Prem got back from school and decided to go out to play with his friends. He had fun playing for a long time. After he got back home, he was tired, so he ate dinner and went to bed early, thinking that he would get up early and do his homework. The next day he did not have enough time to do homework. How would he prevent the problem? ributed towards the expenses. The lunch bill was cheaper than the collected amount. What can be the next move? : ion sickness, because of which she tends to vomit all through the journey. This is a nuisance for her as well as her friends. What could she do? 61“Assessment of Language Development: A Manipal He left home by 4:45 Pm. There, f. Sam had to reach for the show by 5 pm. from his place. He did not kno the no petrol in his bike. The venue was 5 kms location. What could he have done? 68. Differentiates fact or opinion (Score 1: Any five correct responses) . Suggested activity: Ask the child to tell if it is a fact or an opinion (E.g., Elephany, are big, is a fact; my mom is beautiful, is an opinion). a. Lemons are sour. (F) b. All children like to play on the slide. (0) c. Babies are very cute. (0) d. It wasa busy day. (F) . The best way to study is to write everything down. (0) {. The rainy season is better than summer. (0) 69. Able to predict (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Ask the child to answer the questions with two possibilities. a. Akash saw lots of nails on the road in front of his house. He started to pick then up and saw a car turning on to his road. What might happen next? b. Rashmi looked very pale in the morning and said she had a stomachache. 4 lunchtime, she started vomiting and the teacher called her mother. What might happen next? c. The principal walked past the fourth-grade classroom and heard a Jot of noi coming from the classroom. What might happen next? d. The second-grade class was to go on a field trip to the museum in Bengalur. The driver noticed steam coming from the engine. What might happen next? e. Monika woke up by the thunder. It was raining heavily and she remember! that her books were close to the window which had been open. What might hav. happened? f. Last night Ramesh and his sister were invited over to his friend’s house to watit a movie. He got gum from his friend. As they walked home, his sister notit® that he was not chewing gum anymore. What might have happened to the gu 70. Able to use derivatives (Score 1: Any five correct responses) Suggested activity: Fill the blanks using the right choices. 7 —_y Ass ssment of Language Development: A Manipal M 1 _ ue pal Manual eal, chal " revathi was a rm, challenge, crowd, write en » celebrate, devastate) irl. |S street. (charming) was ; y sogot® was a «. writer. ——— : ° ee goods were exhibited in the police station, (stolen) ed) : ig Well ......-- document. I a ied in th (written) Many people died in that........ fire, (devastating) 1. Able to infer core 1: Any five correct responses) suggested activity: ;, Fifteen people were shown around the shop by Raju since morning. Two of them wanted a test drive. What was Raju’s job? How did you guess? p. Jonny was excited to have a new uniform and meet his friends after two months. What was the occasion? How did you guess?» c, Sam was trekking for two weeks. After his return, he was sad to see dying plants in his garden. What happened? How did you guess? . People in the front row were often standing, talking loudly, and laughing. Kitty was irritated. Where was Kitty? How did you guess? - My mother was busy cooking and my father was cleaning the house. They were looking at the clock often. What is the scenario? How did you guess? There was a crowd on the road. The ambulance arrived. What happened? How did you guess? 72. Expresses figurative language Sun "1: Any five correct responses) . renee , S9ested activity: Ask the child to explain the proverbs in two or more sentences. t ay hands make the work light. Aas Of all trades and master of none. d Ae speaks louder than words. ® Sho at glitters is not gold. £ , Wand steady wins the race. Work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. ~ 63List of Objects/Toys Needed for Administering ALD-MM * Keys * Picture book * Coins * Pen * Bag * Big and small books * Ball = Long and short pencils of different colours * Comb = Paper = Watch «Different real currencies (Notes: Rs 10, Rs 50, Rs 100; Coins: Rs 2 and Rs 5) " Kerchief/tissue * Toy vehicle * Bottle = Small box "= Mobile * Purse PICTURE - ITEM KEY Receptive Language Skills Expressive Language Skills Pic1 Item 14 Pic 25 Ttem 22 Pic 2 Item 23 Pic 26 Ttem36 Pic 3 Item 24 Pic 27 Ttem41 Pic 4 Item 26 Pic 28 Item 42. Pic5 Item 27 Pic 6 Item 28 Pic7 Ttem 29 Pic 8 Item 32 Picg Item 33 Pic 10 Item 36a Pic 11 Item 36 b Pic 12 Item 36 ¢ 64Item 40 Item 42 Item 4 Item 47 Item 48 Item 56 Item 58 0 - |Item60___—t Item 65 Item 17 Assessment of Language Development: 4 Mani “4 Manipal Manuat 6S65