A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
THE PROJECT ENTITLED

IOT (Internet Of Things) Based Smart Office

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By
Exam. No:
Shivanshu Sahu Roll. No: ETBA040
Tejas Dekate Roll. No: ETBA008
Chinmay Dwivedi Roll. No: ETBA011

Under the Guidance of

Prof. R. B. Kakkeri

Sinhgad Institutes

Submitted to
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
STES’S SINHGAD ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, PUNE-411048
 2020-2021
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled

IOT(Internet Of Things) Based Smart Office

Submitted By

Students Name, Exam No

1. Chinmay Dwivedi 71825106H

2. Tejas Dekate 71825870D
3. Shivanshu Sahu 71825695G

Is a bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision by Prof. [Link] and it is
approved for the partial fulfilment of the requirement of Savitribai Phule Pune University for
the Project in the Final Year of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.

This project report has not been earlier submitted to any other institute or University for the award
of any degree or diploma.

[Link] Dr. K.M. Gaikwad Dr. Kishore P. Patil

Project Guide H.O.D and Vice Principal Principal, SAOE, Pune

Place: Pune

Date: Examiner

ii
 Table of Contents
Table of Contents iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii

Chapter 1 Introduction 9

1.1 Motivation 10
1.2 Problem Statement 10

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction 11

Chapter 3 Project Description

3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Block Diagram 15
3.3 Working 16
3.3.1 Automation 16
3.3.2 Security 16
3.3.3 Health 17
3.4 Atmega 328p 17
3.5 Power Supply 18
3.6 Voltage Regulator 19
3.7 HC05 Bluetooth Module 20

3.8 Relay 22
3.9 Heartbeat and Oxygen level Sensor 23
3.10 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 23
3.11 LED (Light Emitting Diode) 24

Chapter 4 Results
4.1 Advantages 25
4.2 Project Goals 26
4.3 Future Goals 26
4.4 Conclusions 27

References 28

iii
iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I It gives me an immense pleasure to submit this report on “IOT (Internet Of Things) Based
Smart Office”. I have tried my level best to represent this topic into compact and to the point
framework.
I truly express my deepest thanks to all the people who have given their precious time and
encouragement and my guide Prof. [Link] for the patience she showed me during the
process of preparation of the report from the initial conception to the final presentation and all the
staff of E&TC department. I would like to thank from the core of my heart to our H.O.D of E&TC
department Prof. K.M. GAIKWAD for being constant pillar of support, during the preparatory
stages.
Finally, yet importantly, I would like to thank my family and friends for their never-
ending support and love.

Project Group Members:

Shivanshu Sahu Roll. No: ETBA040

Tejas Dekate Roll. No: ETBA008
Chinmay Dwivedi Roll. No: ETBA011

v
Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real
world objects (things) through the Internet. When it comes to our offices, this concept can be
aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IoT project focuses on building a
smart wireless office security system which can be operated remotely and can also track the health
of employees. Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by making use of the
same set of sensors. The leverage obtained by prefering this system over the similar kinds of
existing systems is that this system provides a cheaper, cost effective alternative to the
conventional syestem. The microcontroller used in the project is the Atmel Atmega 328P which is
integrated with a wide array of sensors and a Bluetooth module which provides us the option of
remote operability.

vi
 List of Figures

Chapter 3
3.1 Block Diagram 14

3.2 Atmel AtMega 238p 15

3.3 Power Supply 18

3.4 Blutooth Module 19

3.5 Relay 20

3.6 21
Heartbeat & Oximeter
3.7 22
LCD
3.8 23

vii
Chapter 1

viii
 Introduction
1.1 Motivation:

• The main objective of this project is to develop a smart office automation system using an
Atmel Atmega328p breakout board with Bluetooth being remotely controlled by an
Android OS smartphone. As technology is advancing so offices are also getting smarter.
Modern offices are gradually shifting from conventional switches to the centralized
control system, involving remote controlled switches.
• Moreover, office automation systems in today’s market are very costly so we also wanted
to make a low budget office automation system.
• This remote automation system is not only limited to offices but can also be expanded to
homes and various other industries by providing them a low cost alternative to the
conventional system.
• We have also seen that after the Pandemic there has been an increased stress towards basic
hygiene and regular monitoring of health. As our goal is to create a smart office we also
believe that health is an integral part of it and that is the reason why a heart-beat monitor
and an SpO2 (oxygen level) sensor is also installed so that the employees can monitor
their health as well.

1.2 Problem Statement:

To aim of this project is to build a smart office with the help of IOT in which the appliances can be
controlled remotely and in which enhanced security and health features are provided

ix
Chapter 2

x
Literature Review:

As our country is entering a new era of revolution we witness an exceptional growth in the setup
of new companies and this directly leading to an enhanced increase in the requirement of new
smart offices. These offices do not only bring out the best in an employee but also provide an
added advantage of increased security and health monitoring. Such systems have conventionally
been pretty expensive but we provide an cheaper alternative to the same.
This low cost system with minimum requirements takes care of both office security as well as
home automation. This smart office security system use a smart-phone application which can be
downloaded on any smart-phone, the system is platform independent and hence can be accessed
from a wide range of phones with different operating systems. Offices that implement this system
will witness an immediate growth in the efficiency of their employees. This will also provide a
layer of additional security so that the companies data cannot be breached and which indirectly
will help them to remain competitive. Also with the advent of the new virus the integrated SpO2
and heartbeat sensor will help the employees remain in the calm state of mind knowing their
health is being monitored.

The ease with which we can do our daily tasks have been steadily increasing with the advent of

This low cost system with

new technology.

minimum requirements
takes care of both home security as
well as home
automation
• This home security system does
not use any smart-
phone application or any type of user
interface instead
uses digits from the keypad on the
phone, the system
is platform independent and hence can
be accessed
xi
from a wide range of phones with
different operating
systems
This low cost system with minimum
requirements
takes care of both home security as
well as home
automation
• This home security system does
not use any smart-
phone application or any type of user
interface instead
uses digits from the keypad on the
phone, the system
is platform independent and hence can
be accessed
from a wide range of phones with
different operating
systems

xii
This low cost system with minimum
requirements
takes care of both home security as
well as home
automation
• This home security system does
not use any smart-
phone application or any type of user
interface instead
uses digits from the keypad on the
phone, the system
is platform independent and hence can
be accessed
from a wide range of phones with
different operating
systems

xiii
This low cost system with minimum
requirements
takes care of both home security as
well as home
automation
• This home security system does
not use any smart-
phone application or any type of user
interface instead
uses digits from the keypad on the
phone, the system
is platform independent and hence can
be accessed
from a wide range of phones with
different operating
systems
This low cost system with minimum
requirements
takes care of both home security as
well as home
automation
xiv
• This home security system does
not use any smart-
phone application or any type of user
interface instead
uses digits from the keypad on the
phone, the system
is platform independent and hence can
be accessed
from a wide range of phones with
different operating
systemThis low cost system with minimum requirements

Chapter 3

xv
Project Description:
1.1 Introduction:
The main objective of this project is to develop a smart office automation system using an
Atmel Atmega328p breakout board with Bluetooth being remotely controlled by an
Android OS smartphone. As technology is advancing so offices are also getting smarter.
Modern offices are gradually shifting from conventional switches to the centralized control
system, involving remote controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches
located in different parts of the offices makes it difficult for the user to go near them to
operate. Even more, it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped
people to do so. Remote controlled office automation system provides a most modern
solution with smartphones. Moreover, office automation systems in today’s market cost
more than Rs.1,50,000 we so also wanted to make a low budget office automation system.
This remote automation system is not only limited to offices but can also be expanded to
homes and various other industries by providing them a low cost alternative to the
conventional system.
In order to achieve this, a Bluetooth module is interfaced to the Arduino board at the
receiver end while on the transmitter end, a GUI application on the cell phone sends
ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By touching the specified
location on the GUI, the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through this technology.
We have also seen that after the Pandemic there has been an increased stress towards basic
hygiene and regular monitoring of health. As our goal is to create a smart office we also
believe that health is an integral part of it and that is the reason why a heart-beat monitor
and an SpO2 (oxygen level) sensor is also installed so that the employees can monitor their
health as well.

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1.2 Block Diagram:

xvii
1.3 Working:

1.3.1 Automation: In this we control different appliances and electronic devices using
our smart phone. This is done by using a
microcontroller and also a Bluetooth module with which we establish a connection
between the smartphone and the microcontroller.

The Atmel Atmega 328p IC is interfaced with the HC05 Bluetooth module. The
HC05 module is interconnected with the Arduino Bluetooth Controller
Application(available on Play-Store and AppStore). A separate connection of
relays is established with the IC and these relays in turn are connected to the
different electrical appliances. A signal relayed buy the IC can switch the relays
which perform either and ON/OFF function on the electrical appliances. To make
this whole process remote we use the Bluetooth module(HC05) to relay either a
logical HIGH or a logical LOW signal at the output of the IC pins.

3.3.2 Security: In this we integrate a fingerprint scanner with the microcontroller. If the
fingerprint matches the person will be granted access to the office and also the
details of the person and the timing will be sent to the admin.

We have interfaced the r307 fingerprint sensor module with the IC such that if the
fingerprint registered on the module matches the pre recorded database of
fingerprints the magnets attached to the door of the office will demagnetize and the
employee will be granted access to the office. An LCD is also integrated with the
IC which will flash ‘ACCESS DENIED’ when the fingerprint registered on the
sensor does not match with the fingerprints stored on the pre recorded database.

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 The Adafruit fingerprint sensor library is used to control the r307 fingerprint
sensor module. The code for this is written in the Arduino IDE

3.3.3 Health: For the health aspect the employees can measure their heartbeat rate and
SpO2(oxygen level) using the sensor provided and the measures taken will be
displayed on a LCD screen.
The heartbeat and oxygen level are very important parameters be known for the
human body(especially in times like thses). We go to doctors that use different
kinds of apparatuses to know the heart beat and Oxygen level of a human. But in
the Smart Office integration of the Heartbeat sensor and the SpO2 sensor with the
IC is observed. The data recorded is flashed on an LCD panel and is stored in a
separate database.

3.4 ATMEL ATMEGA 328p + Pinout

3.4.1 Features:
The features of the 328p are as follows:

 The operating voltage is 5V

 The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
 The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
 Digital input/output pins are 14
 Analog i/p pins are 6
 DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
 Flash Memory is 32 KB
 SRAM is 2 KB
 EEPROM is 1 KB
 CLK Speed is 16 MHz

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 3.4.2 Pin Description:

Pin Category Pin Name Details

Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external power
source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to power
microcontroller and other components on the board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.
Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.
Analog Pins A0 – A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V
Input/Output Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Pins
Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
External 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.
Interrupts
PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
SPI 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), Used for SPI communication.
12 (MISO) and 13
(SCK)
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.
TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.
AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

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 3.5 Power Supply:

The basic step in the designing of any system is to design the power supply required for that
system. The steps involved in the designing of the power supply are as follows,
1. Determine the total current that the system sinks from the supply.
2. Determine the voltage rating required for the different components.

The bridge rectifier and capacitor I/p filter produce an unregulated DC voltage which is
applied at the I/P of [Link] the minimum dropout voltage is 2v for IC 7805, the voltage applied
at the input terminal should be at least 7 volts .nC1 (470 µf / 65v)is the filter capacitor and C2 and
C3 (0.1u f) is to be connected across the regulator to improve the transient response of the
regulator. Assuming the drop out voltage to be 2 volts, the minimum DV voltage across the
capacitor C1 should be equal to 7volts (at least).

POWER SUPPLY
3.6 Voltage Regulator (7805):

Voltage regulators are very common in electronic circuits. They provide a constant output
voltage for a varied input voltage. In our case the 7805 IC is an iconic regulator IC that finds
its application in providing a constant 5V supply to the arduino. The name 7805 signifies two
meaning, “78” means that it is a positive voltage regulator and “05” means that it provides
5V as output. So our 7805 will provide a +5V output voltage.
The output current of this IC can go up to 1.5A. But, the IC suffers from heavy heat loss
hence a Heat sink is used in sync with the IC.

xxi
 7805 IC(Voltage Regulator)

3.7 HC05 Bluetooth Module:

The HC-05 has two operating modes, one is the Data mode in which it can send and
receive data from other Bluetooth devices and the other is the AT Command mode where
the default device settings can be changed. We can operate the device in either of these
two modes by using the key pin as explained in the pin description.
It is very easy to pair the HC-05 module with microcontrollers because it operates using
the Serial Port Protocol (SPP). Simply power the module with +5V and connect the Rx
pin of the module to the Tx of MCU and Tx pin of module to Rx of MCU as shown in
the figure below

HC05 Bluetooth Module

It has 6 pins,

1. Key/EN: It is used to bring Bluetooth module in AT commands mode. If Key/EN pin is set to
high, then this module will work in command mode. Otherwise by default it is in data mode. The
default baud rate of HC-05 in command mode is 38400bps and 9600 in data mode.

HC-05 module has two modes,

1. Data mode: Exchange of data between devices.

2. Command mode: It uses AT commands which are used to change setting of HC-05. To
send these commands to module serial (USART) port is used.

2. VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.

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3. GND: Ground Pin of module.

4. TXD: Transmit Serial data (wirelessly received data by Bluetooth module transmitted out
serially on TXD pin)

5. RXD: Receive data serially (received data will be transmitted wirelessly by Bluetooth
module).

6. State: It tells whether module is connected or not.

3.8 Relay:

Relays are electrically operated switches that open and close the circuits by receiving
electrical signals from outside sources. Some people may associate “relay” with a racing
competition where members of the team take turns passing batons to complete the race.
The “relays” embedded in electrical products work in a similar way; they receive an electrical
signal and send the signal to other equipment by turning the switch on and off.

 NC: Normally closed 120-240V terminal

 NO: Normally open 120-240V terminal

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  C: Common terminal

 Ground: Connects to the ground pin on the Arduino

 5V Vcc: Connects the Arduino’s 5V pin

 Signal: Carries the trigger signal from the Arduino that

activates the relay

3.9 Heartbeat and Oxygen level Sensor:

3.9.1 Heartbeat Sensor:

The module uses an infrared led (IR) and a photo transistor to detect the pulse of the
finger and whenever a pulse is detected, red led flashes. There will be led on
the light side of the finger and a photo transistor on the other side of the finger. Photo
transistor is used to obtain the flux emitted. The resistance of the photo resistor will
change when the pulses will change.

Features

 Biometric Pulse Rate or Heart Rate detecting sensor

 Plug and Play type sensor
 Operating Voltage: +5V or +3.3V
 Current Consumption: 4mA
 Inbuilt Amplification and Noise cancellation circuit.
 Diameter: 0.625”
 Thickness: 0.125” Thick
3.9.2 Oxygen Level Sensor:
The MAX30102 uses two-wire I2C communication to interface with Arduino Uno
board. I use the I2C ports on the A4/A5 ports on the Arduino board. The wiring is
shown below:
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 Features:
 Tiny 5.6mm x 3.3mm x 1.55mm 14-pin optical module
 Integrated cover glass for optimal, robust performance
 Ultra-low power operation for mobile devices
 Programmable sample rate and LED current for power saving
 Low-power heart rate monitor (<1mW)
 Ultra-low shutdown current (0.7µA Typ.)
 Fast data output capability
 High sample rates
 Robust motion artifact resilience
 High SNR
 -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range

3.10 LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display):

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments
and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike
in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In
this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers
namely Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions
given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task
like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc.
The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value
of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure
of a LCD.

Pin Diagram:
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Pin Description:

PIN FUNCTION NAME

NO.
1 Ground(0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage:5V (4.7V – 5.3V) VCC
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE
4 Selects command register when low; and data Register
register when high Select
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from Read/Write
the register
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low Enable
pulse is given
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
11 8-bit data pins DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-
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 Pin no 15 and 16 are used for backlight control of LCD
LCD Commands =>The LCD’s internal controller accept several commands and modify
the display accordingly. These commands would be things like:
 Clear screen
 Return home
 Shift display right/left
The 44780 standard requires 3 control lines as well as either 4 or 8 I/O lines for the data
bus. The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or an 8-bit
data bus. If a 4-bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of 7 data lines. If an 8-
bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of 11 data lines. The three control lines
are EN, RS, and RW.

3.11 LED (Light Emitting Diodes):

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as

indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. A light-emitting diode
(LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are
increasingly used for lighting. The LED is based on the semiconductor diode. When a diode is
forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the colour
of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the
semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm2).

Characteristics:
Following are the characteristics of LEDs:

xxvii
● Low working voltages and currents.

● Less power consumption.

● Very fast action.

● Small size and weight.

● Emission of monochromatic light.

● Extremely long life.

xxviii
CHAPTER 4

xxix
4.1 Advantages:
1. Energy consumption
It is a common sight to see appliances left on even when nobody seems to be using them.
IoT manages to makes office spaces smart enough to detect a change in a certain space
and automatically puts off appliances that are not in use.
2. Safer workspaces
Installation of safety cameras, sensors, and access control systems ensure that the device
you are using is safe from malware and any sort of informational theft. IoT
acknowledges that privacy is important and hence contributes to making office spaces
safer.
3. Remote Operability
It can be used to operate devices from a remote distance and can also lead to the ultimate
goal of automation. For example, lights turning on as soon as you enter a room and
turning off when you leave it.
4. Health
Its leads to an overall healthy environment such that the employees can monitor their
health and well-being.

4.2 Project Goals:

 To create an automated environment in the office which helps in time
management and leads to overall employee efficiency.
 To provide the employees with a more secure surrounding.
 To provide a simple and robust alternative to the exorbitant other variants.
 Can be used in remote as well as the urban areas.
 Providing a health tracker for the employees.

4.3 Future Goals:

As the technology matures, advancements are on the horizon that will extend the
automation whilst simultaneously lowering the operational costs.
• Increased efficiency, control, and customization: With further advancements in
AI the device will learn to recognize the use preference and act accordingly.
• Integration of Smart office devices: Other devices like printers and fax machine
could be operated remotely from a single place.
• Smart spaces outside offices: Other features like detecting if a parking spot is
vacant can be done by image recognition in the future.
• Personal delivery: With the advancement in Drone technology delivery of
products will become easier.

4.4 Conclusion:
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  The smart office using Internet of Things has been experimentally proven to work
satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and the appliances were
successfully controlled remotely through the smartphone. The designed system not
only monitors the sensor data, like heartbeat, oxygen level, fingerprint sensors, but
also actuate the process according to the requirement, for example switching on the
light when it gets dark.
 It also shows the sensor parameters on the LCD in a timely manner. This will help the
user to check the health parameters in the office anytime. Also, a fingerprint sensor has
been additionally integrated with the microprocessor for enhanced security purpose.

References:
1. S. Dey, A. Roy and S. Das, "Home automation using Internet of Thing," 2016 IEEE
7th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference
(UEMCON), 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/UEMCON.2016.7777826.
2. L. El Alamy, S. Lhaddad, S. Maalal, [Link], and Y. Salih-Alj, “Smart City
Implementation based on IOT,” in 6th International Conference on Next
GenerationMobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST), 2012, pp. 13–
17, Sept 2012.
3. M. Asadullah and A. Raza, "An overview of home automation systems," 2016 2nd
International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ICRAI), 2016, pp. 27-31, doi:
10.1109/ICRAI.2016.7791223.
4. Real-Time Scheduling Approach for IoT based Home Automation System R.
Bhattacharyya, A. Das, Atanu Majumdar, Pramit Ghosh.
5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Home Automation
Using Internet of Things Vinay sagar K N1, Kusuma S M2

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