GECART FUNCTIONS OF ART

MODULE 1: LESSON 1 • indirectly functional art refers to the arts that are
• “Art” comes from the Latin word, Ars, which means “perceived through the senses” such as fine arts,
a “craft or specialized form of skill.” painting, music, sculpture, dance, literary piece,
• Art = ABILITY to create things that can evoke a theatrical performances, music and the like.
response from people
• Art = PROCESS such as drawing, painting, sculpting, 1. AESTHETIC FUNCTION - An artwork functions aesthetically
and use of other media when it becomes instrumental for man to be cognizant of
the beauty of nature and where the real feelings of joy and
• Art = PRODUCT such as painting piece, a statue, a
appreciation to nature’s beauty are manifested through
print and others
appreciation and enjoyment when in contact with the
• Ariola (2008) said that “Art appreciation is the ability artwork.
to interpret or understand man-made arts and enjoy 2. UTILITARIAN/PHYSICAL FUNCTION - it is utilized to give
them either through actual and work experience with comfort, convenience, and happiness to human beings. It
art tools and materials or possession of these works for is used to serve basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing,
one’s admiration and satisfaction. Art appreciation medicine, comfortable environment, transportation,
therefore deals with learning or understanding and entertainment, communication, and expression, and other
creating arts and enjoying them”. important things that make man live with happiness and
ease.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 3. CULTURAL FUNCTION - Art serves as an aperture towards
1. ART IS UNIVERSAL - Art knows no limit. It transcends skills, knowledge, attitudes, customs, and traditions of
cultures, races, and civilizations. It reaches the different groups of people. The art helps, preserves, share,
farthest and the most isolated spots in the universe. and transmits culture of people from one generation to
As long as human beings exist, art is feasible, alive another.
4. SOCIAL FUNCTION - art bridges connection among
and dynamic.
people
• ART AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION - Arts in any
5. HISTORICAL FUNCTION – talks about history things or
form communicates different feelings and
events, bring forth past
emotions – happiness, loneliness, pride, rage,
revolt, etc. LESSON 3
• ART IS TIMELESS - it goes beyond the time of our • Subject in art generally refers to the thing, object,
own existence. person, landscape, event, etc. depicted by the artist in
• ART ADDRESSES HUMAN NEEDS - “Art is there to his/her artwork. It serves as the window of the artwork.
serve our human fundamental needs” (Ortiz, • An artwork that has a subject is classified as a
representational art. It is also known us objective art
[Link]., 1976,6.) through directly functional and
because you can easily objectify the subject.
indirectly functional arts, we are provided with a • Paintings, sculptures, photography, graphic arts, dance,
variety of offerings – comfort, entertainment and theater, literature are generally classified as
education, which would somehow lead us to self- representational arts.
fulfillment and satisfaction.
2. ART IS NOT NATURE - Art is not nature because art is 1. KINDS AND SOURCES OF SUBJECT - The kinds of subject
enumerated below are explored and prevalent in any
man-made. It is a creation of man that may reflect
form of art expression, either in visual, auditory, or
a profound skillfulness and craftmanship. It
combined arts. Nature (landscapes, seascapes, and other
undergoes process and planning: a result of study parts of nature), still life, animals, portraits/human
and research. figures, history and legends, religion and mythology, and
3. ART INCOLVES EXPERIENCE – representation of our dreams and fantasies.
experiences and it demands involvement. • NATURE – deals with the physical environment-the
LESSON 2 natural world. A natural landscape is a land formation
that is never modified and distorted, while it becomes
• Telos in Greek is ‘purpose’
artificial when there is human intervention-when man
• Man in Greek is ‘eudaimonia’
tends to alter the natural land formation through
‘landscaping’ such as that of the hotel entrance, inland resorts,
parks, and even in backyards. Two categories can be used as a broad distinction:
a. GEOMETRIC - these shapes find origin in
2. ANIMALS – commonly used in any art forms (animal mathematical propositions. As such, its translation
symbols) and use are often man-made. These includes shapes
3. PORTRAIT OR HUMAN FIGURES - The human body is such as squares, triangles, cubes, circles, spheres,
known as “the measure of all things”. It reflects proportion, and cones, among others.
balance coordination, order, and unity. b. ORGANIC - organic shapes are those readily
4. HISTORY AND LEGENDS – inspired by history or legends occurring in nature, often irregular and
5. STILL LIFE - refers to in-animating objects either in a form of asymmetrical. The design of the vase in Figure is
a drawing, painting or photograph. foliage, a sample from a series that made use of
6. RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY - Religious and mythological morning glories.
themes are subject that are practiced by religious and tribal
groups. SPACE - related to form and shape is space. It is usually
7. DREAMS AND FANTASIES - inspired by the subconscious inferred from a sense of depth, whether real or
mind as discovered by Sigmund Freud. stimulated. Real space is three-dimensional.

MODULE 2 TWO KINDS OF SPACE

ARTIST a. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SPACE – usually
❖ defined as an art practitioner such as a painter, sculptor, identified with the white space is negative
choreographer, dancer, writer, poet, musicians, etc. space. The positive space, on the other hand, is
who produces or creates indirectly-functional Arts with the space where shadow is heavily used.
aesthetic value using imagination. b. THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE - can be
❖ they provide us paintings, sculptures, dances, music, stimulated through a variety of techniques such
literary pieces, etc. as the means of provoking our as shading. An illusion of three-dimensionality
thoughts, ideas, and emotions that are necessary to can be achieved in two-dimension work.
discover ourselves and our being.
ARTISAN COLOR - one of the elements that enhances the
❖ a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves appeal of an artwork. Its effect has range, allowing
making things by hand. the viewer to make responses based on memory,
❖ The relevance and usefulness of the artisans’ works emotion, and instinct, among others.
make them essential in our everyday living.
The Color Wheel corresponds to the first property of
ELEMENTS OF PRINCIPLE OF ART color, hue.
ELEMENTS OF ART:VISUAL 1. HUE - this dimension of color gives its name. it
1. LINE - refers to a point moving at an identifiable path – it can be subdivided into:
has length and direction. ❖ PRIMARY COLORS – red, yellow, blue
2. VERTICAL LINE - basic framework of all forms, power & ❖ SECONDARY COLORS – green, orange, violet
delamination, strength, stability, simplicity, and efficiency. ❖ TERTIARY COLORS – six in total, these hues are
3. HORIZONTAL LINE - creates an impression of serenity and archived when primary and secondary colors
perfect stability. Rest, calmness, peace, and reposed are mixed
4. DIAGONAL LINE - it shows movement and instability. 2. VALUE - this refers to the brightness or
Portrays movement action. darkness of color
5. ZIGZAG LINE - it shows violence, confusion, and conflict. ❖ LIGHT COLORS – taken as the source of light in
6. CURVE LINE - it shows a gradual change of direction and the composition
fluidity. It signifies subtle form. ❖ DARK COLORS – the lack or even absence of
light
SHAPE AND FORM ❖ TINT – this is lighter color than the normal value
SHAPE = refers to two dimensions: height and width ❖ SHADE – this is darker color than the normal
FORM = refers to three dimensions: height, width, and depth. value
3. INTENSITY - the color’s brightness or dullness.
❖ BRIGHT OR WARM COLORS – positive energy
❖ DULL OR COOL COLORS – sedate/soothing, 4. HARMONY - If melody is horizontal, harmony
seriousness or calm is vertical. Harmony can be described in
COLOR SCHEMES - a guide for selecting not only wall paint but terms of its “harshness”: dissonance is the
also furniture and décor.
harsh-sounding combination while
COLOR HARMONIES - integral considerations not only for
pictorial arts but also for other art forms. consonance is the smooth-sounding
❖ COMPLEMENTARY HARMONIES – involve two colors combination.
opposite each other in the color wheel. 5. TIMBRE - often likened to the color of music
❖ MONOCHROMATIC HARMONIES – the se of one color 6. TEXTURE - The number of melodies, the
with its tints and shades type of layers, and their relatedness in a
❖ ANALOGOUS HARMONIES – make use of three or four composition is the texture of music.
colors beside each other in the color wheel.
❖ MONOPHONIC – single melodic line
4. TEXTURE – can be either real or implied
❖ POLYPHONIC – two or more melodic lines
❖ TEXTURES IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANE - texture ❖ HOMOPHONIC – main melody
can be implied using one technique or a accompanied by chords
combination of other elements of art.
❖ SURFACE TEXTURE – refers to the texture of the PRINCIPLES OF ART
three-dimensional art object. 1. BALANCE - refers to the distribution of the
visual elements in view of their placement
ELEMENTS OF ART:AUDITORY in relation to each other.
1. RHYTHM - Often associated to the terms beat, ❖ SYMMETRICAL - the elements used on
meter, and tempo, rhythm is the best element one side are reflected to the other.
of music that situates it in time. It is the pulse This offers the most stable visual
of the music. Beat is the basic unit of music sense to any artwork.
while tempo refers to its speed (beats/second). ❖ ASYMMETRICAL - the elements are not
Beats can be organized into a recognizable the same (or of the same weight) on
current pattern, which is called the meter. each side, putting the heaviness on
❖ LARGO – slowly and broadly one side.
❖ ANDANTE – walking pace ❖ RADIAL - there is a central point in the
❖ MODERATO – at moderate speed
composition, around which elements
❖ ALLEGERO – fast
❖ VIVACE – lively and objects are distributed.
❖ ACCELERANDO – gradually speeding up 2. SCALE AND PROPORTION
❖ RALLENTADO – gradually slowing down ❖ Scale pertains to the size in relation to
❖ ALLARGANDO – getting slower, broadening what is normal for the figure or object in
❖ RUBATO – literally ‘robbed time’, rhythm is played question.
freely for expressive effect ❖ Proportion the size of the components, or
of objects in relation to one another when
2. DYNAMICS - Refers to the loudness or quietness
taken as a composition or a unit. This can
of music is dynamics.
also refer to values such as amounts or
❖ PIANISSIMO (pp) – very quiet
number of elements or objects in the
❖ PIANO (p) – quiet
composition.
❖ MEZZO-PIANO (mp) – moderately quiey
❖ Golden Ratio was the key to beauty or
❖ MEZZO-FORTE (mf) – moderately loud
to perfection
❖ FORTE (f) – loud
❖ FORTISSIMO (ff) – very loud
Proportion can be:
3. MELODY - refers to the linear presentation
a. NATURAL – relates to the realistic
(horizontal) of pitch. By horizontal, it means
size of the visual elements in the
that in musical notation, it is read in succession
artwork, especially for figurative
from left to right. Pitch is the highness or
artworks.
lowness of musical sound.
b. EXAGGERATED - refers to the unusual size relations
of visual elements, deliberately exaggerating the
immensity or minuteness of an object.
c. IDEALIZED - most common to those that follow
canons of perfection, the size-relations of elements
or objects, which achieve the most ideal size-
relations.
3-4 EMPHASIS AND CONTRAST
❖ Emphasis allows the attention of the viewer to
a focal point(s), accentuating or drawing
attention to these elements or objects.
❖ Contrast is the disparity between the
elements that figure into the composition.
5-6 UTILITY AND VARIETY - compositions are intended
to imbue a sense of accord or completeness from the
artwork.
7. HARMONY - Like what is hinted above, the unity
and variety is related to the principle of harmony,
in which the elements or objects achieve a sense
of flow and interconnectedness.
8. MOVEMENT - refers to the direction of the
viewing eye as it goes through the artwork, often
guided by areas or elements that are emphasized.
9. RHYTHM - This is created when an element is
repeated, creating implied movement. Variety of
repetition helps invigorate rhythm as depicted in
the artwork.
10-11. REPETITION AND PATTERN - Lines, shapes,
colors, and other elements may appear in an artwork
in a recurring manner. This is called repetition. In
addition, the image created out of repetition is called
pattern. With repetition, there is a sense of
predictability that is conveyed, which in turn imbues
the feelings of security and calmness.