BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Architecture Department

RESEARCH
Proposal for the new Extension of Alangilan Campus
and a new Architecture, Interior Design, and Fine Arts Building

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for

Architectural Design 4
Major Plate No. 1

Submitted by:
Adeva, Herlene M.
Castro, Xaira Alexa Mari L.
Fortu, Mica Ella V.
Manalo, Donnard Jedd Emmanuel F.

Submitted to
Ar. Aldwin A. Cueto
Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Problem and it’s Background………………………………………………………1

Description of the Project……..…………………………………………………………3

Objectives of the Project…………………………………………………………4

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………..6

Approach and Methodology……………………………………………………..7

Data Presentation……………………………………………………………...………....8

Macro Site Analysis……………………………………………….……..…….…8

Micro Site Analysis………………………………………………………………14

SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………………….……18

User’s Analysis…………………………………………………………………….…….21

User’s Demography……………………………………………………….…….21

User’s Behavioral Pattern/Analysis……………………………………..….….23

Space Programming…………………………………………………………….28

Organizational Structure……………………………………………………..…28

Case Study……………………………………………………………………………….29

References…………………………………………………………………….…………36
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Batangas State University is a Level IV state university in the province of

Batangas, Philippines. The institution, founded in 1903, is strategically placed in

the Philippines' second biggest economic area, putting it in a unique position not

only as a leading supplier of higher and advanced learning, but also as a potential

economic growth zone.

The College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts (CEAFA) is located

in Alangilan, Batangas City, and now serves over 11, 000 students via its 26

undergraduate and graduate programs. Architecture, Fine Arts, and Interior

Design was founded as one of these flagship programs in 2000, and with the

institution's rising enrollment, the university saw the necessity for its separation

from college.

As the primary planning and design profession, the university tasked our

department with doing research and developing a master plan for the new

Alangilan campus expansion, as well as a proposal for a new facility for our

college.

This project proposal is about education center construction of which will be

known as ARIDFA Building. Upon completion, this building will have all the

equipment and rooms needed for every course such as Architecture, Interior

Design and Fine Arts. As changing times continue, the population for the ARIDFA

Department is slowly increasing, thus it affects the rooms which is available for the
existing building. Moreover, this project aims to accommodate the increased

population of the ARIDFA department.

The objective of this initiative is to foster collaborative research between

students and academics. Facilities are required to enable more students to

participate in meaningful laboratory research and to integrate significant research

opportunities into their individual courses. Additionally, spaces are adaptable and

flexible, which means that teaching and research spaces should be very simple to

rearrange when new teachers join the faculty. Adaptability may be done by using

adaptable casework, partitions, and utilities.

The project focuses on designing technopark facilities buildings:

Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts Building

● Lobby

● Classrooms

● Audio visual rooms

● Faculty room

● Service and Utility room

● Comfort Room

● Conference Room

● Computer Room

● Other Spaces

Outside facilities

● Parking and Driveways

 ● Outdoor Seating

● Developed Area

● Walkways / Gathering Areas

● Locker area

● Other spaces

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The university assigned our department to research and produce a master

plan for the new Alangilan campus extension, as well as a proposal for a new

college building.

This project proposal is for the ARIDFA Building, an education institution.

This facility will include all the necessary technology and spaces for courses like

Architecture, Interior Design, and Fine Arts. The population of the ARIDFA

Department is progressively rising, affecting the available rooms in the present

facility. This project also attempts to accommodate the ARIDFA department's

growing population.

This project promotes student-academic collaboration in research. More

students should be able to engage in meaningful laboratory research and have

research opportunities integrated into their courses. Also, rooms are malleable and

flexible, so rearranging teaching and research areas should be straightforward

when new faculty members join. Adaptable casework, partitions, and utilities are

possible.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Project Objectives:

The proposed project intends to construct a new Alangilan campus

extension and a new building for the Department of Architecture, Interior

Design, and Fine Arts (ARIDFA) that fosters connectivity, interaction, and

an effective working environment. The following are the study's objectives:

● To expand the number of establishments providing

education-related services.

● To emphasize the elements, significant phases, and project

methodology involved in the design of an ARIDFA building that

provides a suitable architectural environment for education.

● To prevail functionality and comfort that contribute to the users'

psychological and emotional well-being.

● To create a structure that is appropriate for the local climate and to

offer areas around the project that are primarily intended to give a

serene and calming atmosphere for the users.

General Objectives:

● To establish an educational complex that will contribute to the

strengthening of the local community's education promotion and

will consistently provide high-quality services while putting people

first and continuing to give chances.

 Specific Objectives:

● To create a development that houses a variety of amenities and

accommodations. A structure designed to cater to and create

meaningful engagement around education and possibilities.

● To add new ideas that will support the project's primary objective,

which is to promote individual mental well-being.

● To place a high premium on ecological elements of design while

also emphasizing sustainable architecture.

● To locate the Architecture, Interior Design, and Fine Arts Buildings

in a manner consistent with the site's setting.

● To offer facilities that promote education, training, and opportunity.

Design Objectives

General Objectives:

● To impart effective and efficient space planning and zoning, taking

into account the inter-connectivity of nature and the built

environment.

Specific Objectives:

● To design an architecture, interior design, and fine arts building in

accordance with statutory design requirements, such as the

Philippine National Building Code, Philippine Green Environmental

Laws, and Green Building Code, as well as other applicable

standards and guidelines.

 ● To include safety concerns into site design in order to provide

disaster resilience and zone connectivity.

● To offer comfort for users of the Architecture, Interior Design, and

Fine Arts Building via natural ventilation, light, open planning, and

other architectural characteristics in order to foster intellectual and

productive activity among students and employees.

● To include design elements that promote sustainable innovation,

green buildings, and a sense of community and harmony with

nature.

● To provide a safe and therapeutic environment for all users by

taking circulation, biophilic design, and site orientation into

account.

● To forecast the project's growth potential

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Major Problem

1. Which architectural design technique should be used when

developing an architecture, interior design, or fine arts building,

taking into account the user's wants and mental state?

2. What distinctive architectural design features/characteristics may

be used to represent the planned structure and site?

3. What amenities might be included to guarantee that the proposed

project benefits users, the economy, and the environment?

 4. What design approach should be used to ensure the site's

accessibility and functionality?

Minor Problem

1. What is the most appropriate idea and zone planning technique to

use in order to achieve an efficient and functional design?

2. What sustainable materials may be utilized to build the project in

light of the site's availability and climate in order to preserve the

project's quality and functionality?

3. What distinctive architectural aspects should the project have to

entice users and ensure their satisfaction?

4. How can the proposal be adapted to the neighborhood's existing

structures?

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The research used a three-step methodology. At the initial stage,

many evaluations were conducted, including location, topography, spatial

the methods for planning these campus initiatives should be applied. For

this project, the design idea was developed and built. The next phase was

to envision the idea using hand sketches, which will be presented. The

study's objective is to determine the most sustainable and accessible

campus layout. As a result, the campus was designed using certain

pedestrian-first concepts. Pedestrian walkways were used to divide

educational buildings from social buildings and cultural institutions. The

 proposed project was created to extend the existing campus to

accommodate a variety of land uses, including department buildings, a

research center, an amphitheater, and a library. Finally, a sustainable and

accessible campus design was developed to extend Batangas State

University - Alangilan Campus.

DATA PRESENTATION

Site Analysis

The proposed context study will be divided into 2 categories: Macro

& Micro sites. The macro site includes the surrounding suburbs of the

proposed site. Movement and context are aspects that will be studied within

this area. The micro site will be an in-depth study of the proposed project

site and its immediate context.

Macro Site

An accredited state institution, Batangas State University (BSU) is

located in the Philippine province of Batangas. Since its inception in 1903,

Batangas State University has been the oldest university in the Calabarzon

region of the Philippines. There have been two mains, two satellite, and six

extension Batangas State University campuses since 2003. The institution

organizes yearly events like quiz bees and intramural to keep its campuses

friendly.

Pablo Borbon Main I is on Rizal Avenue in Poblacion, while Pablo

Borbon Main II is in the Golden Country Homes Subdivision in Brgy.

Alangilan. Both campuses are in Batangas City. Pablo Borbon, a former

governor of Puerto Rico, was the inspiration for both of these places. Since

Main I was constructed in 1932 as the location of the Batangas Trade

School, it is the oldest campus. Since then, Main I have served as the

university's main campus and administrative headquarters. 1984 saw the

acquisition of the location for the second oldest campus, Main II.

Macro Site Context

The macro site is accessible through the Golden Country Homes

Subdivision's residential roadways. The land is less than a kilometer from

SM Hypermarket Batangas and is surrounded by other retail and

commercial structures. The major roadway emphasizes this region.

Although the region is mostly residential, it is known for a diverse variety of

activities, including retail and business establishments, schools, and other

recreational opportunities.
 Figure 1. City Wide Concept Map

Figure 2. 1 - Existing Batangas State University - Alangilan Campus

Figure 3. 2 - SM Hypermarket Batangas

Figure 4. 3 - Camella Solamente

Figure 5. 4 - Toyota Batangas City Inc.

 Figure 6. 5 - Xentro Mall Batangas

Figure 7. 6 - Butch Seafood & Grill

Movement and Accessibility

The location is easily accessible through the Golden Country Homes

Subdivision's residential road. The expansion project will make use of and

expand the current Batangas State University Alangilan Campus's pick-up

and drop-off transportation infrastructure. The Golden Country Homes

Subdivision has been designated as a corridor that connects the highway to

the current school site. Tricycles and private automobiles frequent the

neighborhood.
 The present Batangas State University Alangilan Campus is

designated for residential and commercial development and serves as the

economic backbone for a two-kilometer radius. This economic corridor

would draw attention to the proposed enterprise by exposing it to the public.

This movement study addresses the issue of selecting a location inside an

established economic node that is accessible to residents from all areas of

the city.

Legend:

White - Highway

Yellow - Residential route

Blue - Residential

Green - Existing Batangas State University Alangilan Campus

Red - Proposed site

Figure 8. Movement Map for Macro Site

Micro Site

The project location is on the southern edges of Batangas State

University's Alangilan Campus. The planned site will be combined with the

Batangas State University Alangilan Campus's current location. The plot is

bounded on the western side by the Golden Country Homes Subdivision

and the eastern side by the Mega Heights Subdivision. The planned project

covers an area of 28,441 square meters.

Legend:

White - Route

Red - Proposed site

Figure 9. Proposed Site

The planned property is now classified as an open green space but

is not used. The Alangilan Campus of Batangas State University was

founded in 1903 as a Manual Training School under its first American head,

Mr. Scheer. The institution's mission was to prepare youngsters for

rewarding careers, particularly in carpentry. In 2016, the Commission on

Higher Education, or CHED, designated it one of its exemplary higher

education institutions. CHED has classified the university's Electronics

Engineering program as a national Center of Excellence, while the

university's Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Development

Communication, and Teacher Education programs have been designated

as National Centers of Development. Today, it is one of the major

educational institutions in the nation, providing education and training for

the next generation of professionals. Nearly hundreds of academics and

employees give education and training in an educational atmosphere that

welcomes students from different cultures, classes, and religions. Batangas

State University is a non-profit public institution of higher learning. At the

moment, Batangas State University's programs are aimed to help students

explore their potentials and develop their technical and creative abilities in a

lively academic atmosphere. Each program is founded on pragmatic,

relevant, and socially responsible courses that prepare students to be

internationally competitive via the adoption of trans disciplinarity, social

intelligence, new media literacy, a design mentality, and physical and virtual

cooperation. According to the institution, these abilities are necessary for

new professional and social situations.

Graduate programs are also available to give higher education in

particular fields of study. These possibilities expand professionals' career

chances, improve their prospects, and cultivate a more substantial

intellectual curiosity and enthusiasm for inquiry, transforming them into

leaders, managers, and innovators via the development of revolutionary

solutions to real-world challenges.

Movement & Accessibility

The present school site's main entrance is located on its southern

portion, which is linked to the Golden Country Homes Subdivision's

residential road. When a visitor enters the school grounds, he or she will

come face to face with an existing structure that leads to the drop-off zone,

from where all interior roads will originate. A four-meter-wide paved road

connects to the school’s dispersed parking places, which are available on a

first come, first served basis. By designating parking places, the school

site's traffic circulation and parking arrangements were made more orderly.

A purpose-built road would connect the current campus to the expansion

project.

Legend:

White - Route

Green - Existing Batangas State University Alangilan Campus

Red - Proposed site

 Figure 10. Movement Map for Micro Site

Climate

Batangas is characterized by a tropical monsoon climate. Batangas

has year-round high temperatures and abundant rains. Batangas has an

average annual temperature of 30° degrees and receives around 1973

millimeters of rain. It is dry for 107 days out of the year, with an average

humidity of 78% and a UV-index of 7.

Rain

The wet season or rainy season lasts from June to October. This is

the time of year where the majority of Batangas's annual precipitation

occurs.
 Figure 11. Site Analysis

SWOT Analysis

Macro SWOT Analysis

Strengths

● In light of its closeness to the highway, the municipal road is an

easily accessible thoroughfare devoid of traffic or impediments.

● The site's geography has a nearly level, gradually sloping region

suitable for building, as well as a pleasant environment that is

reasonably cold and stimulating.

● It is served by Meralco for electricity, PrimeWater for water, and

Smart Communications Inc., Globe Telecom, and Digitel

Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. for telecommunications.

● There are no significant bodies of water on or around the site.

Weakness

● Narrow roads within the Golden Country Home Subdivision.

Opportunities

● The local economy has altered due to the growth of educational

service industries.

● The planned project would provide educational opportunities for

youngsters in the surrounding area.

● A catalyst for our country's educational development, particularly in

the province of Batangas and neighboring regions. The suggested

initiative would be an excellent approach to recruit more local and

international students.

● Given the area's temperature and ecology, there is a chance to

transform it into a more therapeutic atmosphere for people.

Threats

● Within the neighborhood, new enterprises may spring up.

● increased users in the long run.

Micro SWOT Analysis

Strengths

● The location is serviced by all utility infrastructure, including water

supply, communication, and power.

● The land is mainly flat but gradually ascends, ensuring that the

slope will not represent a significant obstacle to the intended

construction.

● It is accessible through Golden Country Home Subdivision's

residential road due to the availability of public transit.

● The property has a minimal risk of flooding and other risks. The

location is situated in an area that provides an environment

conducive to the proposed project's objectives.

● The land is conducive to vegetative growth. There are trees on the

property.

● The perimeter fence provides security inside the facility.

● Surrounded by woods and situated at a reasonably high elevation,

it is somewhat isolated from the Poblacion region.

Weakness

● Near the property are existing retail and commercial structures.

This infrastructure is deemed to be a danger to the proposal's

environment.
 ● The suggested location is located away from the roadway

Opportunities

● A well-developed road network to the side would facilitate access

for project users. It will encourage more students and professors to

participate in the planned initiative.

● This initiative may also contribute to the municipality's growth,

notably in education, which serves as a magnet for development.

● Increase employment and educational possibilities, particularly in

Batangas.

Threats

● The enterprises next to the property are deemed a hazard since

they may generate unhealthful noise or distract users.

● Existing urban infrastructure and transportation needs will be

insufficient to support growth that will necessitate a stronger role

for the public sector in transportation and traffic management.

Sustainability Features

Renewable Energy Resources (Solar)

Solar panels are a wonderful method to save energy and cut down on utility

costs, and in certain situations, they may even provide additional revenue. Due to

the geographical location of the country, Southeast Asia is an excellent place for

solar energy integration. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

in a study done in 2012, solar energy potential in the Philippines is on the order of
4.5 kWh/m2 per day on average over the whole nation. Because of the large

quantity of sunshine that the Philippines receives throughout the year, creating

solar power plants is an excellent option when it comes to generating alternative

energy options.

For instance, if the solar array generates more energy than the building uses,

many utility providers will purchase surplus energy from building owners.

Photovoltaic modules use the photovoltaic effect to create electricity from the sun's

light energy (photons). A photovoltaic module (pv module) is a collection of solar

cells that are installed in a framework for installation.

Study from Pereyras (May, 2020) of the Pangasinan State University shows

that it is the cheapest choice and it is proven with their 9 and a half years’

experience with rooftop solar panels. They utilize 3,360 square meters of rooftop

area that may be used to produce up to 336,000 kWh, or 57 percent of the four (4)

campuses of Pangasinan State University. These advantages result in decreased

environmental impact of the building, to be a symbol for sustainability building for

universities, advertising the way of design, and the possibilities of teaching and

learning. Even though the university solar panel cannot produce electricity for the

whole campus, they still save 38% on the monthly electric bill and have given a

non-financial advantage for the university.

Rainwater Management

Rainwater collection offers building owners an excellent chance to cut water

usage, particularly water needed to irrigate landscaping and gardens. This

element is often employed by architects in their green designs due to its ease of

implementation. Additionally, rainwater collection decreases runoff and aids in

preventing sewage system overflows. Certain rainwater collecting systems are

more complicated, using pervious concrete or a network of fountains and

containers.

A research report from Felix Ojario states the possibilities of effective

installation of rain water harvesting in Central Philippine University (CPU). It aims

to collect rain water and utilize it. The location of the site is Jaro, Iloilo City, Central

Philippine University and the estimated monthly potential harvest is 2,753.8 cubic

meters (23,962.77 cubic meters for wet season and 9,079.244 cubic meters for dry

season). The growing population of the CPU demands the increase of water

usage and rain water harvesting is one of the best choices for alternative source of

water supply within the campus.

In our proposed campus extension alternative water supply would be a great

choice and will decrease the possibilities of flooding within the area. It will be used

in fountains, gardens, toilets and more. This alternative way can lessen the

monthly bill of the campus especially if all the buildings (engineering building,

ARIDFA building, techno hub, hotel and convention) will apply the rain water

harvesting.
USER’S ANALYSIS

User’s Demography

To examine the building's purpose and the breadth of its

responsibilities. Students, Professors and the Maintenance team are the

main users of this project. The following discussion details the users and

their assigned roles and responsibilities in the project's development.

● College Students: A student is someone who is registered and

enrolled in a degree-granting program, either undergraduate or

graduate, at a university or institution of higher learning (International

Association for Energy Economics, 2022). This project will cater

approximately 2000 students from the Architecture, Interior Design and

Fine Arts students.

 Figure 12

INTERIOR
ARCHITECTURE FINE ARTS
DESIGN

1ST Year 13 1 2

2nd Year 8 2 1
 3rd Year 7 2 1

4th Year 5 2 1

5th Year 1 - -

Table 1. Number of Sections per Department

● Professors: The college professors are employed by the university to

teach the ARIDFA students. Composed of 3 permanent faculty, 4

temporary faculty and 32 part-time faculty.

● Janitors/maintenance: Undertake cleaning, upkeep, and repair tasks at

the interior or exterior of the establishment.

User’s Behavioral Pattern / Analysis

User activity:

● Students: Study, Interact with other students, Extracurricular Activities.

● Profs: Teaching, and Interacting with students.

● Janitor: Cleaning, Fixing, and Task Helper

SPACE REQUIREMENTS:

● Classroom

Since most classes will consist of 40 to 45 students, a traditional set

up of the classroom is the best choice in order to make good use of the
spaces inside the room. According to Yale Poorvu Center for Teaching and

Learning, the traditional lecture setting comprises rows of fixed seats. With

their backs to one another and the students face the instructor. This flexible

seating arrangement has historically been used in colleges and universities

to reduce student-student interaction while promoting a "sage on the stage"

learning environment. The most effective communication engagements

between professors and students usually take place with students in the

first row or in the center of the classroom while students in the rear rows are

more likely to be distracted.

Figure 13. Traditional Seating Arrangement in a Classroom

ARIDFA’s (Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts) students

require bigger spaces while working because their laboratory classes often

require output in a bigger paper. A proposed 24” x 36” drafting table that
can be used while sitting and can be lifted up to the average elbow height of

students for those who want to work while standing. Because of lecture

classes and other activities that an individual does during the day some

students find standing while working much more convenient than sitting.

According to Orlaith Morris 2020, research shows that standing decreases

the chance of getting the aforementioned diseases significantly. Standing

also allows for a more intensive burning of calories, which minimizes the

likelihood of obesity. It is also healthier for our vision and muscular system.

Standing while working generates bursts of energy from movement and can

enhance a person's posture. It also lowered tension and anxiety, while

increasing focus, which has been found to go hand in hand with the modest

modification of installing standing workstations.

Figure 14. Anthropometrics

● Professors Faculty room

According to Saul Wagner from Hertz Furniture, one of the most

significant places for educators is the professors' room, often known as the

staff room or faculty lounge. The faculty lounge is where faculty members
may unwind before or after class, have lunch, take a cup of coffee, spend

recess, consult with colleagues, prepare courses, debate educational

challenges, and socialize. Numerous studies have previously established

the critical impact that the physical environment and school design play in

student performance, including classroom layout, ergonomic furniture, air

quality, color, lighting, and other factors. Similarly, the décor of the teachers'

room sets the tone for each educational environment, adding a professional

air or creating a more colleague-friendly faculty lounge.

● Service and Utility room

The Service and Utility room is in charge of the storage of all heating,

air conditioning, ventilation, and refrigeration equipment, as well as the

central steam and chilled water plants and their accompanying distribution

systems. (Georgia Tech, 2015) This is also a space where cleaning

materials, tools and equipment are located. It is accessed by the

maintenance staff in order to perform their duties within the property.

● Comfort Room

The term "comfort room" refers to a room or small structure

equipped with toilets (or urinals) and sinks. Comfort Rooms are divided

into male and female restrooms; they are also accessible to those with

disabilities. Public toilets are referred to by various names, depending on

the country. Restrooms, bathrooms, men's rooms, and women's rooms are

examples.
● Locker Room/Area

Locker rooms are regularly used rooms in a school, swimming pool,

industry, or gym with lockers (Collins Dictionary). In this project, Locker

rooms are given for the students to keep their things, materials, and

equipment that are essential for their course.

● Lobby

A lobby is a public place from which one or more additional rooms

or hallways may be entered. It is often located near a building's main

entrance. It is used for entry, circulation, or as a waiting area and is

derived from the Latin word 'lobium,' which means covered path or portico

(Designing Buildings, 2021).

● Audio visual rooms

The audio-visual room is where students from all subjects may

engage in productive learning. By utilizing a range of AV materials and

technology, the Audio-Visual Rooms strive to offer diverse learning

methodologies and stimuli. The center's materials are various, facilitating

and ensuring a successful teaching-learning process at all time.

● Conference Room

A dedicated place where business conferences event, calls

and meetings happened (Lucid Meetings). It keeps the meeting private

within the group of people in the room. Conference rooms are

designed for formal or large-scale meetings and gatherings. Because

 of their size and seating capacity, conference rooms are often used for

lectures, with one person serving as the meeting's facilitator and

speaking to the rest of the audience. (Davinci meeting room, 2020).

● Computer Room

The computer lab serves as the focal point for the instruction

of computer usage to whole classes, which is often carried out by a

computer expert. Aside from research, classroom instructors utilize the

room with their students for the purpose of developing

technology-based projects. Computer technology professionals utilize

the computer lab for teacher in-services, where they provide

instruction to instructors on a variety of topics related to the use of

computers in educational settings. Traditionally, the computer lab has

served as a central site for networked printers and scanners that are

utilized by students and faculty across the school.

(Colccti.colfinder.org).

SPACE PROGRAMMING
 Table 2. Space Programming

Organizational Structure

● Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts Organizational

Structure

Figure 15. Organizational Structure of ARIDFA Department

CASE STUDY
1. Chandigarh College of Architecture - India

The CCA, or Chandigarh College of Architectural, is a college

dedicated to architecture education and research. It was founded in

Chandigarh, India, on 7 August 1961. It includes the Indian states of

Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and the Union

Territory of Chandigarh. Le Corbusier, the renowned architect who

conceived Chandigarh's master plan in 1951 and secured the

establishment of CCA as part of the Chandigarh Experiment, is the architect

in charge of this project. The architecture is reminiscent of introverts in

nature, with studios and classrooms clustered around a rectangular

courtyard. On both sides of the two double laden hallways are amenities

such as the library, museum, classroom, dark room, and administration and

faculty quarters. The design studios are located on the building's northern

side, and the entry hall is shaped like a large rectangle. The east-west

apertures are small to minimize radiation, the north side has an unusual

roof shape to maximize north light, and the south side features hollow

concrete blocks for both light and ventilation.

The project's objective is to maximize the inherent potential of its

location and to inspire, support, sustain, and continue academic programs

through which professionals trained in the traditions of modern urbanism

ushered in by the incomparable master can push the boundaries of

creativity in pursuit of efficiently, comprehensively, and beautifully serving.

2. New Haven, Connecticut, Yale School of Art and Architecture

Paul Rudolph's Yale Art and Architecture Building in New Haven,

Connecticut, is one of the first recognized instances of brutalist architecture

in America, an intimidating, fortress-like structure composed of masses of

textured concrete and layers of steel-framed windows. The structure,

completed in 1963, is composed of intersecting volumes of bush hammered

concrete. Horizontal sections of smooth concrete and glass are supported

by a succession of towers that extend above the roof in the form of turrets.

Rudolph envisioned a 114,000-square-foot structure with a total of 37

distinct levels terracing across seven storeys, a penthouse, and two

below-grade levels as a teaching tool, peppering his contemporary castle

with historical relics. Its design incorporates historical elements such as the

Parthenon, plaster castings of Assyrian reliefs, and capitals. In the

stairwells, there are Assyrian reliefs; in the lecture hall, there are ionic

capitals perched on metal rods.

The repair completed in 2008 restored the original linear lighting

system, which blended seamlessly with the vertical concrete structure. The

interiors are mostly neutral or gray with earthy orange rugs and furnishings.

The carpet contributes to the room's warmth by reflecting natural light due

to the carpet's vivid hue. It stamped life on the interior's dead concrete

walls. Rudolph takes use of the gaps and retained joints in these brutalist

structures to generate texture. The structure, which was formally renamed

 Rudolph Hall on November 7, 2008, is located on a corner lot that is

bounded on the south by a road and on the north by red brick buildings.

3. School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi

Figure 16. School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi

A 6500 square meter educational institution building. Located on Lodhi

Road in New Delhi, the site is flanked by several historical and official

structures such as Humayun's tomb and the Indian Habitat Centre,

respectively, which contribute to the feasibility of picking the location for the

design. The entry has been buffered by green areas to complement the visual

context provided by the space around the road. A convection block is

positioned near the entry and it includes windows facing the lobby that have

been strategically placed to provide diffused illumination to the inside of the

space via the usage of Jaalis, which has been a prominent feature in old Delhi

architecture. The three-story structure has an atrium that overlooks the foyer,

providing enough natural light. The library and exhibition halls are integrated
 into a single structure. The study room is located on the third level, where

north-facing fixed windows serve as the roof, providing diffused light.

The south-facing areas include slitted windows that decrease glare in

the exhibition halls facing that way while also providing a spectacular play of

light. The display area is divided into adjustable cubicles made of Eurobond.

Additionally, care has been made to create workshop areas for visitors to the

show. The administrative and restaurant spaces have been designed to

represent dhabas with merely a roof and charpais, breaking the monotony of

contemporary eateries and maintaining visual contact with the road. Finally,

the theater area, where overflow spaces are necessary to disperse the dense

audience, and where the whole space opens out to a water body, producing a

beautiful impression. This wide region, with its solitary arched arches, evokes

the desolate colossal feel of the capital city. Today, SPA New Delhi is a

prestigious central university dedicated to planning, architecture, and design

education.

4. University of Sto. Tomas

 Figure 17. University of Sto. Tomas

The Pontifical and Royal Institution of Santo Tomás, or UST, is a Roman

Catholic university operated by the Dominicans. It is also Asia's oldest

university, established in 1611, making it older than Harvard University. Santo

Tomás once taught lessons within the walled city of Intramuros, but owing to a

rising student body, they relocated to a bigger location. They were granted a

22.1-hectare plot of land in Sulucan Hills, in the city's northeastern section, by

the Dominican Fathers.

Designed in the Renaissance Revival style of architecture, Fr. Ruao's

design for the Main Building was innovative at the time, and according to

some, it still conforms with today's National Building Code. Construction began

in 1923, although Fr. Ruao had already spent the previous two years buying

construction supplies from Japan, including cement and rebars. The Main

Building has four stories and a nine-story clock tower that houses the hydraulic

engineering laboratory's water tanks. The structure is 74 meters wide and 86

meters long, with two courtyards on each wing. The Main Building's primary

engineering marvel is that it was constructed in forty (40) distinct structures to

ensure that it would not simply disintegrate in the event of an earthquake.

Additionally, a laboratory floor was constructed.

In 2010, a year before the University's quadricentennial celebrations,

the National Museum of the Philippines designated the Main Building, along
 with many other significant buildings on campus, as National Cultural

Treasures.

5. Harvard Graduate School of Design University (Ar. John Andrew)

Figure 18. Harvard Graduate School of Design University

Located on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge,

Massachusetts, United States of America. The Harvard Graduate School of

Design University building demonstrates a unique approach to design. The

structure stands in stark contrast to CEPT and represents a technologically

sophisticated approach to the construction of an architecture school. It is

designed specifically for its own pupils, with the building integrating various

disciplines into one open, integrated atmosphere. Faculty and seminar rooms

extend around the side of the studios, with both sharing a lounge and a

balcony. The building's primary circulation runs underneath it, and the lobby

serves as a new exhibition space. Within the building, studios are connected

by an open stairway. Each studio is connected to faculty rooms and seminar

rooms and may house up to 350 students.

 The structure is a vast system of structure, services, and light, and as a

whole, the set exemplifies a new kind of educational communication.

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