Tourism MasterTestBank - Tourism - 6e-271720
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Nazia EnayetTourism MasterTestBank - Tourism - 6e-271720
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Nazia EnayetCONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism
Chapter 2 Marketing to the Traveling Public
Chapter 3 Delivering Quality Tourism Services
Chapter 4 Bringing Travelers and Tourism Service Suppliers Together
Chapter 5 Capturing Technology’s Competitive Advantages
Chapter 6 Transportation
Chapter 7 Accommodations
Chapter 8 Food and Beverage
Chapter 9 Attractions and Entertainment
Chapter 10 Destinations
Chapter 11 Economic and Political Impacts of Tourism
Chapter 12 Environmental and Social/Cultural Impacts of Tourism
Chapter 13 Sustaining Tourism’s Benefits
Chapter 14 The Future of Tourism
CHAPTER 1
Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism
CHAPTER 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) Which of the following statements describing tourism is incorrect?
A) Services and tourism go hand in hand
B) Tourism rebounds quickly from environmental impacts
C) Tourism is not sensitive to economic ups and downs
D) Tourism fits into 16 types of travel-related and hospitality services
Answer: C
2) The U.S. Travel Association does NOT include which of the following in its definition of
travel?
A) trips away from home to places 50 miles or more
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B) relocating to another country
C) trips that include an overnight stay
D) one way (day trips)
Answer: B
3) The three broad categories of reasons to travel include ________.
A) vacation, visits to friends, and business
B) vacation, education, and business
C) relocation, business, and vacation
D) business, visits to friend, and health tourism
Answer: A
4) Airlines have formed ________ with other airlines (carriers) to provide seamless travel
across states, countries, and continents.
A) strategic alliances
B) developmental delivery platforms
C) cooperatives
D) consortiums
Answer: A
5) Travel as an industry probably began to develop during the ________.
A) Empire Era
B) Middle Ages
C) Renaissance Era
D) Grand Tour Era
Answer: A
6) When was the euro currency introduced, signalling liberalization of travel among member
nations of the European Union?
A) 2000
B) 2001
C) 2002
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D) 2004
Answer: C
7) The increase in tourism industry activities with new roads, stagecoaches, passenger trains,
and sailing ships marked which era?
A) Modern Era
B) Mobility Era
C) Grand Tour Era
D) Renaissance Era
Answer: B
8) Which of the following is NOT among the three basic building blocks used to measure
financial success?
A) margin
B) turnover
C) leverage
D) return on investment (ROI)
Answer: D
9) Grand Tour participants usually found themselves visiting ________.
A) France, Italy, and Germany
B) Belgium, Switzerland, and England
C) England, Switzerland, and Germany
D) England, Germany, and Russia
Answer: A
10) Mass tourism can be traced to the introduction of paid vacations by ________.
A) Henry Ford
B) Dennis Tito
C) George Westinghouse
D) Thomas Cook
Answer: C
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11) Factors that have discouraged travel do NOT include ________.
A) terrorism
B) economic instability
C) health scares
D) widespread Internet access
Answer: D
12) ________ are symbols or icons often used on maps to indicate points of interest, services,
and attractions.
A) Legends
B) Scales
C) Indexes
D) Locators
Answer: A
13) Geography includes ________.
A) landforms, water, vegetation, climate, and also people
B) landforms, water, vegetation, and climate
C) landforms, vegetation, and climate
D) landforms, water, and climate
Answer: A
14) The four Ps of the marketing mix include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) product
B) place
C) productivity
D) price
Answer: C
15) The study of management provides a unified approach to planning, organizing, directing,
and ________ present and future actions for accomplishing organization goals.
A) staffing
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B) visualizing
C) capitalizing
D) controlling
Answer: D
16) Which of the following questions will help you identify ethical and unethical behavior?
A) Will I get caught?
B) Has someone else gotten away with the same action?
C) Will someone be hurt in this situation?
D) Will my actions increase profits?
Answer: C
17) The Mobility Era began in the ________ century.
A) seventeenth
B) eighteenth
C) nineteenth
D) twentieth
Answer: C
18) An organization’s ________ allows it to read its environment and move in the direction
of profitable operations.
A) financial information system
B) operations
C) marketing
D) management
Answer: A
19) The first space tourist spent how much for their trip to the International Space Station?
A) $10 million for 5 days
B) $20 million for 8 days
C) $30 million for 10 days
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D) $40 million of 12 days
Answer: B
20) In the United States, a full-time employee has how much mandatory vacation time per
year?
A) 0 days
B) 5 days
C) 10 days
D) 14 days
Answer: A
21) Which of the following is NOT on National Geographic’s list of greatest destinations?
A) Tuscany
B) Mesa Verde
C) Great Barrier Reef
D) Antarctica
Answer: C
CHAPTER 1 – TRUE / FALSE
22) Tourism activities have historically demonstrated a general upward trend in numbers of
participants and revenues.
Answer: T
23) Tourism has its own distinctive industry code.
Answer: F
24) The focal point for all tourism activities should be tourists.
Answer: T
25) Japan is now the Asian nation with the most outbound travelers.
Answer: F
26) The largest group of travelers during the Empire Era was the Greeks.
Answer: T
27) Thomas Cook can be credited with organizing the first tour package.
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Answer: T
28) Robinson projection is a projection that resembles a flattened orange peel, and creates the
most accurate view of the Earth, with the least amount of distortion.
Answer: F
29) The imaginary line that runs north and south through Greenwich, England, and connects
the two poles is called the prime meridian.
Answer: T
30) Henry Ford’s mass production of the Model T brought freedom to travel for millions of
people.
Answer: T
31) Many segments of the tourism industry are adding convenience charges on to their
service offerings to improve profitability.
Answer: T
32) Regional geography provides the means to identify and describe natural features over the
entire Earth, including landforms, water, vegetation, and climate.
Answer: F
33) Human and cultural geography describe the same features.
Answer: T
34) A knowledge of human geography sensitizes travelers and prevents them from
committing social blunders.
Answer: T
35) Meeting visitor needs relies on a complex set of tools and techniques that is referred to as
the marketing mix.
Answer: T
36) Profits are revenues in excess of expenses.
Answer: T
37) It is possible to create a flat map of the Earth without distortion.
Answer: F
38) Marketing is often called the “language of business.”
Answer: F
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39) Leverage refers to using other people’s money.
Answer: T
40) Tourism will never lead to environmental degradation.
Answer: F
41) The only way to decide how to act ethically in an organization is to follow a published
code of ethics.
Answer: F
42) The services industry is growing faster than the manufacturing industry.
Answer: T
43) Most of the world (70%) is covered by water.
Answer: T
44) Chinese is the most commonly spoke language in the industrialized world.
Answer: F
CHAPTER 2
MARKETING TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC
CHAPTER 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE
45) External sources of information may be grouped into which of the following two sources?
A) allocentrics and venturers
B) personal and nonpersonal
C) heterogeneous and homogeneous
D) business and professional
Answer: B
46) Which of the following is NOT an example of micro-level marketing information?
A) choice of restaurant
B) brochures on certain attractions
C) general destination information
D) hotel website
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Answer: C
47) All of the following are “push” factors in tourist motivations EXCEPT ________.
A) desire for escape
B) rest and relaxation
C) health and fitness
D) ease of access
Answer: D
48) An allocentric personality would prefer which of the following?
A) unusual destinations
B) low activity levels
C) heavy tourist accommodations
D) complete tour packages
Answer: A
49) Which of the following types of needs comprises the lowest level in Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs?
A) belongingness
B) physiological
C) self-actualization
D) esteem
Answer: B
50) The task of meeting diverse needs and wants led to the idea of ________.
A) optimal arousal theory
B) elastic demand
C) market segmentation
D) incentive travel
Answer: C
51) Which of the following is an example of a tourism activity fulfilling a belongingness
need?
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A) group tours with people having similar interests and/or backgrounds
B) learning the language and culture before traveling to another country
C) easily accessible food outlets in theme parks
D) reservation service provided at government-approved agencies
Answer: A
52) According to Plog, travelers seeking the comfort of familiar surroundings in their tourism
experiences would be classified as ________.
A) psychocentrics
B) venturers
C) midcentrics
D) near-venturer
Answer: A
53) Which of the following group of people can be classified as adapters?
A) women facing economic and family concerns
B) contented elderly people that still find newness fun and challenging
C) young people on the go
D) slightly older, affluent opinion-leaders
Answer: B
54) Which of the following is the most commonly used basis for market segmentation?
A) geographic
B) psychographic
C) demographic
D) product-related
Answer: C
55) Which of the following is NOT a product-related variable?
A) the primary desire for comfort and relaxation
B) the benefits people seek from the good or service
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C) the amount of good or service used
D) the degree of company loyalty
Answer: A
56) Which of the following sequences represents the order of the five-step approach used by
marketers in the segmentation decision process?
A) choose a segmentation approach, profile each segment, develop forecasts, estimate
value of market, decide which segment to target
B) decide which segment to target, profile each segment, choose a segmentation
approach, develop forecasts, estimate value of market
C) profile each segment, decide which segment to approach, choose a segmentation
approach, estimate value of market, develop forecasts
D) develop forecasts, estimate value of market, profile each segment, decide which
segment to approach, choose a segmentation approach
Answer: A
57) Which group of travelers is considered to be the backbone or “bread and butter” of the
tourism industry?
A) incentive travelers
B) special-interest travelers
C) mature travelers
D) business travelers
Answer: D
58) Which of the following statements concerning mature travelers is NOT true?
A) They are the fastest-growing segment of the travel market
B) They tend to travel primarily by airplane
C) They have the time and desire to travel
D) They actively seek the services of travel professionals
Answer: B
59) Incentive travel programs are designed to ________.
A) create competition
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B) control travel expenses
C) delight demanding visitors
D) combine business and pleasure
Answer: A
60) ________ provides a good foundation for, as well as a brief glimpse into, the
fundamentals of motivation.
A) The hierarchy of needs
B) Travel career patterns
C) The psychocentric-allocentric model
D) Market segmentation
Answer: A
61) In the segmentation process, after selecting a segmentation approach ________.
A) one estimates likely market share of each segment
B) one designs appropriate marketing mix
C) one forecasts market potential of each segment
D) one creates a detailed profile of segments
Answer: D
62) Which of the following segments does NOT belong to the SMERFs?
A) vacation clubs
B) reunions
C) shopping
D) weddings
Answer: C
63) Which country is not included in the BRIC grouping?
A) Brazil
B) Russia
C) Italy
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D) China
Answer: C
64) Participatory sports tourists are NOT more likely to ________.
A) be physically active
B) be college educated
C) be relatively affluent
D) participate exclusively in one activity
Answer: D
65) Marriott’s luxury collection includes all of the following brands EXCEPT?
A) Courtyard
B) Ritz-Carlton
C) Bulgari
D) Edition
Answer: A
CHAPTER 2 TRUE / FALSE
66) Consumer behavior is the study of consumer characteristics and the process involved
when individuals or groups select, purchase, and use goods and services to satisfy wants and
needs.
Answer: T
67) Resort brochures and billboards are examples of nonpersonal sources of information.
Answer: T
68) Consumer research has proven that we notice and respond to advertisements when we
least expect them.
Answer: F
69) Multidestination trips tend to be more rigidly planned and do not allow for spontaneity.
Answer: F
70) Travel guides are viewed as neutral sources of information because the author is usually
not being compensated by suppliers to make the recommendations included in the guide.
Answer: T
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71) Self-actualization could be attained by learning the language and culture before traveling
to another country and then practicing on arrival.
Answer: T
72) The Travel Career Patterns (TCP) developed by Pearce involves three categories:
geographic, demographic, and psychographic.
Answer: F
73) The venturer found at one extreme of Plog’s continuum would be referred to by
marketers as an “innovator.”
Answer: T
74) Geographic segmentation is the oldest and simplest basis for market segmentation.
Answer: T
75) A homogeneous market is one composed of people having differing characteristics and
needs.
Answer: F
76) The introduction of teleconferencing has resulted in the decline of business and
professional travel.
Answer: F
77) Incentive travel programs have a market value over $100 billion.
Answer: F
78) SMERF stands for Social, Military, Education, Religion, and Fraternal.
Answer: T
79) Social groups are the hardest SMERFs to identify and target.
Answer: T
80) Special interest travelers often travel in small groups on very specific itineraries.
Answer: T
81) The length of a trip will play a role in determining how much pre-trip planning occurs.
Answer: T
82) Quality accommodation is a pull factor for visitors.
Answer: T
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83) Tour packages that offer frequent rest stops address the physiological needs of travelers.
Answer: T
84) Organic information can always be trusted as neutral and unbiased.
Answer: F
85) Market segmentation is important because it is an impossible task to meet everyone’s
needs and wants with the same services.
Answer: T
86) People will work harder to receive an incentive trip than any other type of reward,
including cash.
Answer: T
87) Mature travelers prefer to only travel with other mature travelers.
Answer: F
CHAPTER 3
DELIVERING QUALITY TOURISM SERVICES
CHAPTER 3 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
88) An example of a facilitating good would be ________.
A) concierge services
B) brochures
C) information from a front office clerk
D) service upgrades
Answer: B
89) All of the following can serve as definitions of quality EXCEPT ________.
A) subjective perceptions of excellence
B) objective measures of certain attributes or ingredients
C) descriptions of services offered
D) perceived value of services
Answer: C
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90) When services are considered as theater, which of the following would be performed
backstage?
A) valet parking
B) reception/host/hostess
C) food servers
D) food preparation
Answer: D
91) Which of the following options can NOT be classified under the “five service quality
dimensions?”
A) tangibles
B) expectations
C) reliability
D) empathy
Answer: B
92) Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to customers who are highly
satisfied?
A) They tell more people about their experiences than just satisfied customers
B) They become more valuable customers
C) They are likely to purchase again and spend more in the future
D) They pay more attention to competitors’ ads than dissatisfied customers
Answer: D
93) A learning organization could be described by all of the following statements EXCEPT
________.
A) employee participation is encouraged
B) employee innovation is encouraged
C) an executive team is held accountable for organizational success
D) a workplace environment fostering motivation is encouraged
Answer: C
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94) All of the following management methods are used to ensure high-quality service
EXCEPT ________.
A) regularly surveying customers
B) frequently interacting with customers
C) ignoring front-line employee opinion
D) reducing the number of management levels
Answer: C
95) When you need help remembering the problem-solving steps, just LAUGH, which means
________.
A) Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Get Ready, Handle Hostilities
B) Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Give solutions, Hit Home
C) Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Go Forward, Hold Temper
D) Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Greet, Host Guests
Answer: B
96) Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of a service guarantee?
A) The guarantee should be unconditional
B) The guarantee should be easy to understand
C) The guarantee should be meaningful
D) The guarantee should provide leeway for management to save money
Answer: D
97) Which of the following options is NOT a part of the Service Quality Model?
A) expected service
B) loyalty
C) perceived service quality
D) satisfaction level
Answer: B
98) In the tourism industry, which of the following words is inseparable with the word
“quality?”
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A) courtesy
B) friendliness
C) hospitality
D) responsiveness
Answer: C
99) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of providing high-quality services?
A) ability to charge higher prices
B) ability to increase market share
C) ability to generate brand-loyal customers
D) ability to reduce marketing expenditures
Answer: D
100) Services are ________.
A) tangible
B) actions performed on behalf of a customer
C) easy to inventory
D) not perishable
Answer: B
101) The physical aspects of services that we can see and with which we interact are called
________.
A) tangibles
B) assurances
C) responsiveness
D) empathy
Answer: A
102) Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the human resources department?
A) implementing best practices through effective recruitment, selection, training,
retention, and team-building programs
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B) ensuring clear communication of an organization’s vision and programs designed
to generate and reward desired employee behaviors
C) creating an environment where customer satisfaction can be measured and
achieved
D) remaining focused on price, market share, and cost savings strategies
Answer: D
103) Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the management methods that
ensures high-quality service?
A) the learning and understanding of customer wants
B) the emphasizing of team goals
C) the selecting and training of the right team
D) taking on the role of a boss and not that of a coach
Answer: D
104) “Turning the guest’s frown upside down” is called ________.
A) service recovery
B) “do it right the first time” spirit
C) service encounter
D) positive break
Answer: A
105) Which of the following is NOT a common negative break in service supported by
research findings?
A) failure in the core service
B) unwillingness to accommodate a customer’s special needs
C) inattention or rudeness
D) suggestion for a place to dine by a front desk clerk
Answer: D
106) The acronym TIPS stands for ________.
A) To Incentivize Paid Staff
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B) To Insure Prompt Service
C) To Include Payment Security
D) To Invest Per Sale
Answer: B
107) All of the following are areas that align with the concept of theater in which customers
judge their dining experiences EXCEPT?
A) dramatic
B) functional
C) mechanic
D) humanistic
Answer: A
108) When a water park host suggest you might need to reapply your sunscreen he is
providing service is which dimension?
A) reliability
B) assurance
C) responsiveness
D) empathy
Answer: D
CHAPTER 3 – TRUE / FALSE
109) Facilitating goods are tangible items that support or accompany the service being
provided.
Answer: T
110) Quality is only subjective in nature.
Answer: F
111) Tourism services perish or lose their value with the passage of time.
Answer: T
112) Quality assurance does not depend on the services provided by each one of the multiple
tourism suppliers.
Answer: F
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113) When customers perceive a company’s product as superior in quality, they are willing to
pay higher prices.
Answer: T
114) Surveys have shown that customers will return if the food is mediocre but the service is
great.
Answer: T
115) Reliability is the warm, fuzzy piece of service quality.
Answer: F
116) Empathy describes the faith we have in service personnel to perform their tasks as
trained.
Answer: F
117) Learning organizations are dedicated to continuous improvement and organizational
effectiveness.
Answer: T
118) Employees who are trained to follow policies strictly may find it difficult to empathize
with customers and meet their needs.
Answer: T
119) Turnover decreases when employees are able to make decisions without constantly
checking with a supervisor.
Answer: T
120) Research shows that positive breaks from service scripts lead to highly memorable and
highly satisfying service encounters.
Answer: T
121) The customer’s level of satisfaction is influenced by the comparison of expected quality
to actual perceived quality.
Answer: T
122) Quality in services can be specifically defined and measured.
Answer: F
123) Interactions between service employees and customers are called service encounters.
Answer: T
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124) Assurance refers to employees’ willingness to help customers and their promptness in
providing service.
Answer: F
125) Human resource departments are also called human capital departments.
Answer: T
126) Recognizing individual efforts that lead to team success promotes employee
involvement and commitment.
Answer: T
127) People are more consistent than machines.
Answer: F
128) Labor costs are considerable in many service organizations and can exceed 70% of
operating costs.
Answer: T
129) A customer is more likely to return to a property if the product is mediocre but they
have great service, compared to a customer who experiences a great product and bad service.
Answer: T
130) First class airfares can be five times as expensive as coach tickets.
Answer: T
131) Flight attendants are considered the first “ambassador” of a city.
Answer: F
132) Globalization has caused the need for diversity training and education to decrease.
Answer: F
133) Breaks in the script are always a negative experience for the customer.
Answer: F
134) Mistakes are inevitable in tourism businesses.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 4
BRINGING TRAVELERS AND TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLIERS TOGETHER
CHAPTER 4 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
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135) When Thomas Cook organized the first group tour, he was serving as a(n) ________.
A) consortium
B) missionary
C) intermediary
D) conductor
Answer: C
136) Which of the following is NOT a value-added function provided by intermediaries?
A) risk-shifting to service providers
B) providing information
C) making reservations
D) marketing excess inventory
Answer: A
137) Which of the following segments of the tourism industry has continued to nurture a
close working relationship with travel agents?
A) airlines
B) hotels
C) cruise lines
D) theme parks
Answer: C
138) The simplest form of distribution, providing direct access to tourism suppliers, would be
classified as a ________.
A) one-level distribution channel
B) two-level distribution channel
C) three-level distribution channel
D) traditional distribution channel
Answer: A
139) The difference between the price for which travel agencies can obtain the service and
the price they can charge when selling the service is called ________.
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A) commission
B) markup
C) discount
D) value-added service
Answer: B
140) Travel agencies can be classified into all of the following categories EXCEPT
________.
A) mega agencies
B) cruise-only agencies
C) Internet agencies
D) no-frills agencies
Answer: D
141) The financial network and clearinghouse that allows travel agencies to sell domestic
airline tickets is ________.
A) CRS
B) ARC
C) OTA
D) FIT
Answer: B
142) Traditionally, wholesalers provide what percentage of all room revenues in destinations
such as Hawaii and the Caribbean?
A) 30 to 40
B) 40 to 50
C) 50 to 60
D) 60 to 70
Answer: D
143) The most structured type of tour and usually the most complete in its components is a
________.
A) hosted tour
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B) escorted tour
C) independent tour
D) foreign tour
Answer: B
144) The typical markup on tour package components is ________.
A) between 40%-50%
B) about 20% or less
C) more than 50%
D) about 36%
Answer: B
145) Which of the following buys excess inventory of unsold airline tickets and then resells
the tickets at discounted prices?
A) intermediaries
B) franchises
C) consortiums
D) consolidators
Answer: D
146) One of the most pressing responsibilities of meeting planners is to ________.
A) provide Web-based services
B) create service guarantees
C) control costs
D) provide on-site registration
Answer: C
147) Win-win situations for both tourism customers and suppliers are created through a
process called ________.
A) personal selling
B) dynamic packaging
C) customer relationship management
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D) global distribution systems
Answer: C
148) Sales people who educate others about their company’s services so those services can be
sold more effectively are called ________.
A) missionaries
B) tour operators
C) facilitators
D) customer service representatives
Answer: A
149) Which of the following is the salesperson’s first contact with a client?
A) trip planning
B) approaching the client
C) building relationships
D) qualifying the client
Answer: B
150) Which of the following is an agent’s post-Internet role?
A) overall travel experience management
B) transactional focus
C) transactions processing
D) client follow-ups
Answer: A
151) The final step in the selling process is ________.
A) collecting for the sale
B) writing a contract
C) delivering the service
D) following up to ensure client satisfaction
Answer: D
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152) You should ask travel agents all of the following questions EXCEPT ________.
A) What are your qualifications?
B) What discounts can you offer?
C) What are your relationships with specific industry members?
D) What will I receive for your fee?
153) All of the following are domains of knowledge for event managers EXCEPT?
A) Design
B) Finance
C) Marketing
D) Risk Management
Answer: B
154) As an example of multiple distribution marketing, Carnival cruise line is using which
channel?
A) Direct on Carnival’s website
B) Indirect in mall locations
C) Direct through travel agents
D) Direct through fire sale agencies
Answer: A
CHAPTER 4 – TRUE / FALSE
155) In a two-level channel, travel agents serve as intermediaries, bringing suppliers and
consumers together.
Answer: T
156) Intermediaries in tourism distribution channels perform a variety of value-adding
functions.
Answer: T
157) Technology has rendered travel agents useless in the distribution function.
Answer: F
158) Travel agencies take title to the services they sell.
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Answer: F
159) The majority of cruises are booked through travel agents.
Answer: T
160) Only a small portion of a travel agent’s day is spent making reservations.
Answer: T
161) The Olympic Games are an example of a mega-event.
Answer: T
162) Travel agent commission on hotel bookings can be as high as 33% of the room price.
Answer: F
163) An independent tour is the least structured tour package.
Answer: T
164) The guests on an incentive trip are typically a homogenous group.
Answer: F
165) Tour operators and wholesalers are heavily regulated at the national level, creating
significant barriers to entry for new companies desiring to provide these services.
Answer: F
166) A receptive service operator coordinates the local suppliers serving the needs of tour
groups.
Answer: T
167) Participants travelling to meetings represent $1 out of every $4 spent on air travel.
Answer: T
168) The number-one factor that associations consider when selecting a meeting site is
quality of service.
Answer: T
169) Problems like natural disasters and political unrest cannot reduce the profit margin for a
tour wholesaler.
Answer: F
170) The best way for tourism professionals to gain information about a particular location is
through a fam trip.
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Answer: T
171) Tourism Confluence International is the world’s largest international travel marketplace.
Answer: F
172) A successful sales person is constantly gathering additional knowledge that will be
useful to existing and potential clients.
Answer: T
173) The sales presentation entails asking questions to discover specific needs and budgetary
considerations.
Answer: F
174) Dynamic packaging creates opportunities for greater margins.
Answer: T
175) Events are temporary and purposive gatherings of people.
Answer: T
176) Because corporations are operating with leaner budgets, the need for meeting planners is
declining.
Answer: F
177) Trip-cancellation insurance protects you if you change your mind about going on the
trip.
Answer: F
CHAPTER 5
CAPTURING TECHNOLOGY’S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 5 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
178) New knowledge and tools used to improve productivity and systems are referred to as
________.
A) data
B) resource systems enhancement
C) learning systems
D) technology
Answer: D
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179) Decisions on information systems facing chief information officers and information
technology professionals include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) deciding which ones to use
B) whether to develop them in-house or buy them
C) whether they should be centralized or dispersed throughout the property
D) whether to use them to respond to operational demands
Answer: D
180) Which industry pioneered the centralization of information management functions for
operational efficiencies and profit improvement?
A) restaurant
B) hotel
C) airline
D) car rental
Answer: C
181) A technological advancement that does NOT need direct line of sight to be read and that
provides for low-cost tracking and security enhancements by using radio waves is called
________.
A) MIS
B) RFID
C) POS system
D) bar-coded tag
Answer: B
182) Intuitive touch screen systems in restaurant settings provide all of the following benefits
EXCEPT ________.
A) reduced training time
B) reduced input errors and waste
C) more healthful menus
D) improved customer service
Answer: C
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183) An enterprise resource planning system is ________.
A) the evaluation of training needs
B) another name for a point-of-sale system
C) an integrated system that improves efficiency and profitability
D) a self-service option
Answer: C
184) Do-it-yourself services are provided through ________.
A) kiosks
B) bar codes
C) ERPs
D) POS systems
Answer: A
185) Data-mining information would NOT be used for ________.
A) providing customized services
B) evaluating training needs
C) menu engineering
D) maintaining employee payroll records
Answer: D
186) Which of the following statements does NOT describe tourism industry segments before
the widespread adoption of the Internet?
A) Consumers bought airline tickets via the airlines’ call centers and traditional travel
agencies.
B) Airlines owned the proprietary systems, which listed available air inventories
based on schedules with price being a secondary, hidden factor.
C) Basic schedule-based inventory practices continued even after airlines sold off the
reservations systems.
D) Customers already had the benefits of information transparency and a broad range
of product selection.
Answer: D
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187) Global Distribution System (GDS) allows travel intermediaries to make reservations for
hotels and resorts, but ________.
A) the travel intermediaries also can sell a variety of product combinations in real
time
B) price comparison across products options is not possible
C) integrated market services and information is not available
D) information transparency is not available
Answer: A
188) The effects of technology on tourism have been advantageous except for the fact that
________.
A) transaction time has increased
B) labor cost for operators has increased
C) language barriers are now more of a problem for international travelers
D) negative user-generated comments facilitated through social networking can be
disseminated at lightning-fast speed
Answer: D
189) Which of the following is NOT true about central reservation systems (CRSs)?
A) Chain hotels use CRSs for room booking.
B) Modern CRSs provide customer profile, behavior, and preferences information for
data mining.
C) Most small independent hotels use proprietary CRSs for room booking.
D) Reservation functions on hotel websites are part of CRSs.
Answer: C
190) ________ can detect Bluetooth-enabled devices and send tourists relevant information.
A) Beacons
B) POS
C) Data mining
D) MIS
Answer: A
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191) Revenue management was developed by ________.
A) Holiday Inns
B) Bell Laboratories
C) Sterling International
D) Utell International
Answer: B
192) Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions under which revenue
management is used?
A) Capacity is relatively fixed.
B) Demand can be separated into distinct market segments.
C) Inventory is perishable.
D) Demand is stable.
Answer: D
193) Which of the following is NOT true of the effects of the Internet on the tourism
industry?
A) The Internet expanded travelers’ access to information and choices for points of
purchase, intensifying competition.
B) Online booking engines allow travelers to compare available inventories by both
price and availability.
C) The Internet has allowed users to disseminate positive or negative information
about services at lightning-fast speeds.
D) Since online users are not confident of the security of the Internet, very few
travelers rely on this medium for their travel needs.
Answer: D
194) Revenue management is also called what?
A) capacity allocation
B) customer management
C) yield management
D) dynamic packaging
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Answer: C
195) Which of the following is NOT a statistic generated by airlines from the data that are
gathered to maintain revenue management systems?
A) available seat miles
B) revenue passenger miles
C) return on investment
D) load factor
Answer: C
196) Which of the following are being incorporated into expanded airline revenue
management programs?
A) flight planning and crew management
B) marketing plans
C) Internet services
D) food service
Answer: A
197) Why have some service providers been reluctant to embrace new technologies?
A) Competitive pressure
B) Labor costs
C) Losing human connectivity
D) Low costs of technology
Answer: C
198) All of the following are uses of data-mining in hotel marketing EXCEPT?
A) Determining usage patterns of hotel facilities
B) Menu engineering
C) Evaluating training needs
D) Standardizing service to all market segments
Answer: D
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199) All of the following are improvements to service from new technologies like kiosk and
mobile apps EXCEPT?
A) Shorter wait times
B) Increased transaction times
C) Ability to make changes without explanation
D) Reduced labor costs
Answer: B
200) Revenue management allocates resources appropriately in order to do all of the
following EXCEPT?
A) Maximize revenue
B) Enhance customer service
C) Improve operating efficiency
D) Achieve break even profits
Answer: D
CHAPTER 5 – TRUE / FALSE
201) Increases in data storage capacities and processing speeds have been realized through
increasing costs.
Answer: F
202) Technology’s impact on tourism service suppliers includes productivity and
profitability.
Answer: T
203) Using RFIDs, multiple tags can be read at one time, and hence they can be used in
ticketing, identification verification, and tour group coordination.
Answer: T
204) In the face of rising wages, increasing input costs, and intensifying competition, tourism
service suppliers have been forced to increase productivity.
Answer: T
205) Most of the MIS functions for the airlines and other transportation service providers
were centralized for operational efficiencies and improvement in profit.
Answer: T
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206) Point-of-sale systems in restaurant settings, with intuitive touch screens, have the major
drawback of increasing training time.
Answer: F
207) Self-service kiosks can help remove uncomfortable moments due to language barriers.
Answer: T
208) An ERP system allows every department and function within a hotel or resort, even an
entire chain in diverse geographic locations, to store and/or retrieve information on a real-
time basis.
Answer: T
209) The demand for best-price rather than schedule-based airline inventories was met even
before the advent of the Internet.
Answer: F
210) User-generated content was made possible through touch screen data ports.
Answer: F
211) Handheld POS devices have not had any effect on customer service.
Answer: F
212) Property management systems (PMSs) integrate a variety of activities at the property
level, such as reservations, guest profile, and financial statements.
Answer: T
213) The Global Distribution System (GDS) allows travel agents to make room reservations
and to receive commissions.
Answer: T
214) Reservation systems allow leisure travelers to save money by making advance
reservations with specific time restrictions.
Answer: T
215) CRSs are internal systems shared by member hotels.
Answer: T
216) Guidebooks in downloadable form and that can be carried on smart phones, tablet
computers, or other mobile devices are yet to be made available for tech savvy travelers.
Answer: F
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217) Revenue management was initially used as a scheduling tool by the airline industry.
Answer: T
218) In revenue management, the two levers for services are price and duration.
Answer: T
219) The true yield on a flight would be based on the number of revenue-paying passengers
who booked seats on the flight.
Answer: F
220) The travel industry tries to mirror itself after Amazon’s model of additional product
recommendations.
Answer: T
221) All travel distribution channels and sectors were fundamentally changed by the advent
of the Internet.
Answer: T
222) Comparison sites like [Link] tend to lower price competition.
Answer: F
223) Because information is created at lightning-fast speeds, it is no longer necessary for a
manager to monitor user generated content about their business.
Answer: F
CHAPTER 6
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 6 MULTIPLE CHOICE
224) The components of the transportation system can be conveniently classified into which
of the following pairs of broad categories?
A) direct and round-trip
B) FAA and IATA
C) surface and air
D) spoke and trunk
Answer: C
225) Passenger rail service had its origins in ________.
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A) China
B) Europe
C) Japan
D) the United States
Answer: B
226) Passenger rail service in the United States is provided through ________.
A) Amtrak
B) CANRAILPASS
C) VIA
D) DOT
Answer: A
227) ________ heralded the demise of point-to-point ocean crossings.
A) Passenger ferries
B) Transcontinental service
C) Cruise ships
D) The jet engine
Answer: D
228) The largest car rental fleet is maintained by ________.
A) Avis
B) Enterprise
C) Hertz
D) Alamo
Answer: B
229) Intercity bus travel ________.
A) is growing in popularity
B) has remained constant for several years
C) continues to decline
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D) serves mainly long travel routes
Answer: C
230) The primary market segment served by buses in North America are ________.
A) charter groups
B) lower income groups
C) families
D) business travelers
Answer: B
231) The purpose of ________ is to facilitate the movement of passengers and freight across
a combination of route structures and international boundaries.
A) VIA
B) CANRAILPASS
C) ARC
D) IATA
Answer: D
232) Frequent-flier marketing programs were initiated by ________.
A) American Airlines
B) Southwest Airlines
C) Qantas
D) Lufthansa
Answer: A
233) The process of coordinating flight schedules so that aircraft arrive and depart at very
close to the same time is called ________.
A) federal aviation administration
B) circle-trip flight
C) banking flights
D) hub-and-spoke system
Answer: C
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234) Regional/commuter airlines, which fly domestic passengers on spoke routes, typically
operate on a ________ basis.
A) trunk route
B) code share
C) open-jaw
D) overbooking
Answer: B
235) The hub-and-spoke system is used primarily by ________.
A) regional carriers
B) code-share carriers
C) legacy carriers
D) start-up airlines
Answer: C
236) All of the following designations are used to classify airline trips EXCEPT ________.
A) round-trip
B) circle-trip
C) business
D) one-way
Answer: C
237) Which of the following did NOT contribute to the decline in passenger rail service in the
United States?
A) Automobile ownership increased.
B) Major highway construction increased.
C) Intercity bus routes were substantially expanded.
D) Railroads did not adequately maintain their tracks.
Answer: C
238) Long-distance cruise ship crossings are typically restricted to ________.
A) repositioning cruises
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B) small carriers
C) open-jaw trips
D) intermodal transportation
Answer: A
239) Which of the following factors figures as the highest share of operating expense in the
domestic and international U.S. airline industry?
A) fuel
B) salary and benefits
C) aircraft ownership
D) aircraft maintenance
Answer: B
240) Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to intercity busses?
A) Bus line’s primary market segment are people between 25 and 45 years of age.
B) Bus lines continue to consolidate and pare their schedules.
C) Bus lines focus primarily on trips of less than 250 miles.
D) Bus line’s primary target market segment are visiting friends and relatives.
Answer: A
241) The ________ has responsibility for the safety of air transportation carriers.
A) U.S. Department of Transportation
B) Federal Aviation Administration
C) Air Transportation Association
D) International Air Transport Association
Answer: B
242) The development of high speed rail service is associated with all of the following
EXCEPT?
A) Heavy population concentrations
B) Attention to roadbeds and tracks
C) Increased rail traffic from freight shipments
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D) Decline in airlines in areas reliant on rail
Answer: C
243) A strategy to generate customer satisfaction with ________ and ________ can result in
reduced complaining behaviors.
A) Empathy, assurance
B) Empathy, reliability
C) Tangibles, reliability
D) Tangibles, responsiveness
Answer: D
CHAPTER 6 TRUE/FALSE
244) Transportation has become so efficient that we often think of travel in terms of time
rather than distance.
Answer: T
245) Passenger ferry routes have been designed to tie in with rail and road systems to
facilitate intermodal transportation.
Answer: T
246) Trains have become so significant in Europe that they move more than 40 times more
passengers every day than in the United States.
Answer: T
247) The success of the Eurailpass is based on the fact that it is available to domestic
travelers as well as international travelers.
Answer: F
248) Bumping is the process of denying boarding to airline passengers with confirmed
reservations due to overbooking the flight.
Answer: T
249) More than 80% of overnight weekend travelers in the United States drive to their
destinations.
Answer: T
250) Long-distance rail travel was given a boost in the United States when George Pullman
developed the Pullman coach, with sleeping facilities for overnight travel.
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Answer: T
251) The first scheduled passenger flight occurred in the United States.
Answer: F
252) Rolling hubs have eliminated peak departure hours by more evenly spreading flights
throughout the day.
Answer: T
253) An open-jaw trip is a round-trip that allows the passenger to utilize different points of
origin or return.
Answer: T
254) All major carriers are able to turn their aircraft around, or push them, in 15 minutes or
less.
Answer: F
255) Code-sharing agreements have been established between airlines and rail lines.
Answer: T
256) For small airports to be viable, they must be able to support at least four departures per
day with 100 seat plus capacity airplanes.
Answer: T
257) Passenger rail services are currently provided by private corporations in most countries.
Answer: F
258) The demand for rental cars is largely determined by demand for scheduled airline
services.
Answer: T
259) Every city with scheduled passenger air service has its own two-letter airport code to
identify the airport that is served.
Answer: F
260) Prior to the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, airlines competed on price.
Answer: F
261) A circle-trip follows the same route for the outbound and return trips.
Answer: F
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262) The chunnel allows travelers to get from London to Paris in less than one hour.
Answer: F
263) Motorcoaches serve more locations than trains.
Answer: T
264) One of the biggest challenges to airline frequent flier mile programs is the backlog of
unredeemed miles.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 7
ACCOMMODATIONS
CHAPTER 7 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
265) Which of the following statements about accommodations is NOT true with respect to
tourism?
A) Development of lodging facilities happened irrespective of improvements in
transportation.
B) Accommodations attract visitors and create opportunities for the guests to spend
time and money in this area.
C) Attracting and retaining guests requires attention to their needs.
D) The hotel industry recognized and developed varying brands within hotel chains to
meet the needs of specific market segments.
Answer: A
266) Low-demand weeks for timeshare operations are classified as ________.
A) red
B) white
C) blue
D) green
Answer: C
267) Employee-to-guest ratios of ________ allow conference center managers to focus on
specific needs of the group and thus provide high-quality customer service.
A) 1:0.5 to 1:2.5
B) 1:3.0 to 1:4.5
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C) 1:6.5 to 1:8.5
D) 1:10.0 to 1:15.0
Answer: A
268) An example of a lodging chain operating limited-service economy properties would be
________.
A) Four Seasons
B) Marriott
C) Super 8
D) Hilton
Answer: C
269) Lodging properties providing a 24-hour front desk, upgraded interior and exterior
decors, limited food service, extra room amenities, and other services would fit into which of
the following categories?
A) limited-service budget motels
B) limited-service economy motels
C) full-service, mid-priced hotels and motels
D) luxury hotels
Answer: C
270) All of the following statements regarding organizational structures in lodging properties
are true EXCEPT which?
A) The general manager is the focal point for employees, guests, and the community.
B) Basic operating functions include administration, guest contact services, and guest
support services.
C) Larger and more complex properties require additional cost center functions like
marketing and accounting.
D) Cashiering is grouped under guest support services.
Answer: D
271) Which of the following statements about the back-of-the house guest service support
group is INCORRECT?
A) It serves as the point of exchange for most financial transactions.
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B) It has the largest number of employees in a lodging property.
C) Housekeeping is the key of the back-of-the-house guest service support group.
D) It coordinates its activities very closely with the front office, as it maintains the
cleanliness of the property.
Answer: A
272) The idea of using management contracts to operate lodging properties was developed by
________.
A) Sheraton Hotels
B) Hyatt Hotels
C) Hilton Hotels
D) Westin
Answer: C
273) All of the following characteristics are true of franchisees EXCEPT which?
A) The property owner is not responsible for any operating issues.
B) There is no need to develop original training programs.
C) Standard operating procedures must be followed at the expense of operational
flexibility.
D) The spirit of the corporate brand needs to be delivered.
Answer: A
274) Group of properties that are affiliated with one another and have common ownership
and/or management control and oversight are called ________.
A) franchise properties
B) chain properties
C) management contract properties
D) timeshares
Answer: B
275) According to the accommodation terminology, a “double” is a ________.
A) room with two twin beds
B) room with one double bed
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C) room with two double beds
D) room with more than one bedroom
Answer: B
276) The rooms side of lodging properties typically generates what percentage of total
operating revenue and departmental operating margin, respectively?
A) 50% and 50%
B) 50% and 30%
C) 60% and 70%
D) 80% and 20%
Answer: C
277) Government employees may be offered significant discounts at lodging properties
because they are frequently limited on how much they can spend based on a ________.
A) per diem rate
B) rack rate
C) contract rate
D) average rate
Answer: A
278) The idea of guaranteeing accommodations during a specific time period at a resort
location was started by _______.
A) Fontainebleau Resort in Miami Beach, Florida
B) Resort Condominiums International
C) Disney Hotels
D) a ski resort in the French Alps called SuperDevoluy
Answer: D
279) Which of the following statements is NOT true of a straight rental agreement?
A) All condominium owners share in rental income based on the square footage of
their units.
B) Condo owners receive a portion of the rental revenues.
C) The owners typically pay for all taxes, utilities, and general maintenance expenses.
48
D) The owners receive a percentage of the rental income (usually 49%), and the
management company retains the remainder (usually 51%).
Answer: A
280) A(n) ________ is a B & B concept that began in small towns and rural areas of Europe,
where a family would open its home to travelers.
A) condominium
B) pension
C) motel
D) inn
Answer: B
281) Which of the following statements about timeshares is NOT true?
A) Buying a timeshare means purchasing fixed weeks at a single-site location on a fee
simple or right-to-use basis.
B) Purchasers could exchange their units and times with other owners at participating
locations.
C) Timeshare companies now offer flexibility through multisite programs, global
exchanges, point systems, and vacation clubs.
D) The idea of fixed and floating weeks is more flexible than the accumulation of
“points.”
Answer: D
282) Hotel developers use the following rule of thumb: For every $1,000 in construction
costs, ________ in room revenue per night must be achieved.
A) $1
B) $5
C) $10
D) $20
Answer: A
283) Customers report that they choose lodging alternatives like Airbnb over traditional hotel
rooms due to all of the following EXCEPT?
A) To save money
49
B) To live like a local
C) To travel with larger groups
D) To dine out in restaurants
Answer: D
284) Commercial campgrounds and RV parks commonly offer all of the following EXCEPT?
A) Convenience stores
B) Nightclubs
C) Swimming pools
D) Cable TV hookups
Answer: B
285) Extended stay guests are likely to do all of the following EXCEPT?
A) Take baths
B) Bring their own pillow
C) Stay for more than 5 nights
D) Visit a local coffee shop to avoid working in the room
Answer: D
286) A hotel with a three diamond rating from AAA matches which description?
A) Is distinguished and multifaceted
B) Is refined and stylish
C) Is affordable and modest
D) Is luxurious and sophisticated
Answer: A
CHAPTER 7 – TRUE / FALSE
287) Very small B & B homes are generally operated for supplemental income, tax benefits,
and as a means of defraying utility costs rather than as an investment or sole source of
income.
Answer: T
288) The United States leads the world in the number of timeshare purchasers.
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Answer: T
289) According to hotel terminology, an American Plan indicates the inclusion of continental
or full breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the room price.
Answer: T
290) In response to the growing popularity of RVs, many lodging facilities re providing
parking spaces for these vehicles.
Answer: T
291) Hotels have been especially viable financial investments, as is evidenced by the fact that
less than 10% of all hotels went bankrupt during the Great Depression.
Answer: F
292) An independent hotel that has unique architecture and décor and fewer than 150 rooms
is referred to as a boutique hotel.
Answer: T
293) RevPACs are used to manage all of a property’s financial reporting and a variety of
other tasks, such as pricing and travel agent commissions.
Answer: F
294) Benefits of membership in a referral organization include coordinated marketing
campaigns and access to training information.
Answer: T
295) Additional revenue centers that might be seen for some hotel operations include meeting
room revenues, technology revenues, spa revenues, and rental and concession revenues.
Answer: T
296) The rack rate is what you are likely to receive if you walk in to a hotel on a high-
demand day.
Answer: T
297) It is common in many lodging properties to find the front office manager and the
executive housekeeper reporting to the director of rooms.
Answer: T
298) A perfect sell is when every person who made a hotel reservation checks in for their
reservation.
Answer: F
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299) The rack rate is the standard and most expensive quoted rate for one night's lodging and
is the most profitable rate for a property.
Answer: T
300) Providing amenities like Internet access is a “functional” strategy for developing loyal
guests.
Answer: T
301) Lodging reservations are binding contracts.
Answer: T
302) The prime age for timeshare purchasers is 45 to 63.
Answer: T
303) The financial performance of lodging properties has been historically cyclical.
Answer: T
304) Mega-cruise ships are referred to as floating resorts.
Answer: T
305) The average Bed & Breakfast in the United States has 4 rooms.
Answer: F
306) The term “motel” was first used along Route 66 in Oklahoma.
Answer: F
307) An “historic” hotel must be over 50 years old.
Answer: T
308) No matter the size of the hotel, the General Manager has the ultimate responsibility for
property management.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 8
FOOD AND BEVERAGE
CHAPTER 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE
309) All of the following are restaurant market segments EXCEPT?
A) Portion seekers
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B) Service seekers
C) Atmosphere seekers
D) Value seekers
Answer: D
310) The commercial raising of shrimp, salmon, and oysters is called ________.
A) alembic
B) aquaculture
C) perfuming
D) commissary
Answer: B
311) Which of the following dishes was served at the first restaurant established by M.
Boulanger in France?
A) live lobster
B) french fries
C) trotters
D) chateaubriand
Answer: C
312) The system developed by Escoffier in which each position in the kitchen had an
assigned station or workplace and clear-cut responsibilities is called the ________.
A) brigade system
B) guild system
C) tracking system
D) automated system
Answer: A
313) The second step in planning to meet guest expectations with foods and beverages is
________.
A) selecting items to include on the menu
B) designing the menu
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C) selecting service ware
D) designing plate presentation
Answer: B
314) The most artistic step in preparing to meet guests’ foodservice needs is ________.
A) selecting items to include on the menu
B) selecting the service ware
C) delivering the menu items
D) designing the plate presentation
Answer: D
315) ________ is the coordination of each required task and activity.
A) Timing
B) Rhythm
C) Flow
D) Yield
Answer: B
316) Centrally located storage areas where food and supplies are received until they are
requisitioned are called ________.
A) wineries
B) inventories
C) purveyors
D) commissaries
Answer: D
317) Which of the following is a type of menu that provides little choice?
A) table d’hôte
B) La Cuisine Classique
C) à la carte
D) Le Vrai Cuisinier Francois
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Answer: A
318) During which of the following periods did the spread of cooking knowledge and skills
stop and even began to diminish?
A) nineteenth–twentieth centuries
B) sixteenth–seventeenth centuries
C) fifth–fourteenth centuries
D) fourteenth–sixteenth centuries
Answer: C
319) Common benchmarks used to measure performance in food service operations include
all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) sales per seat
B) sales per employee
C) daily seat turnover
D) employee turnover
Answer: D
320) Creating the foods we enjoy involves a combination of ________.
A) color, texture, shape, aroma, and arrangement
B) rhythm and timing, resulting in a smooth, efficient operation
C) technology, science, and a great deal of culinary and service talent
D) menu designing, place setting, plate presentation, and appropriate level of service
Answer: C
321) Whose appetite for indulgences raised the status of cooking to an art form?
A) the Romans
B) the Greeks
C) the French
D) the Chinese
Answer: A
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322) Automated systems that strictly control the amount of alcohol poured and electronically
transmit this information to a computerized cash register create the opportunity to ________.
A) practice free pour
B) keep munchies on the table
C) maintain a perpetual inventory
D) invent new drinks
Answer: C
323) Which of the following technologies does NOT allow foods to be stored longer and
transported over greater distances without affecting quality?
A) refrigeration
B) freezing
C) reduction
D) irradiation
Answer: C
324) In the US, the level of blood alcohol before driving impairment occurs typically put it in
the range of ________.
A) about 0.25%
B) 0.08% to 0.10%
C) less than 0.40%
D) 0.02% to 0.04%
Answer: B
325) The document that is used to communicate catering needs within an organization is
called a ________.
A) prime vendor agreement
B) purchase order
C) banquet event order form
D) contribution margin
Answer: C
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326) A food and beverage function designed, priced, and produced for a client, usually for a
single event or occasion, is called a ________.
A) brigade
B) commissary
C) purveyor
D) banquet
Answer: D
327) Hotels may use F&B offerings as a marketing tool for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT?
A) Creating a desired public image
B) Attracting desired business
C) Creating new business opportunities
D) Offering employee discounts
Answer: D
328) There are food festivals dedicated to all of the following ingredients EXCEPT?
A) Garlic
B) Asparagus
C) Sauerkraut
D) Rosemary
Answer: D
329) Due to high competition and low profit margins, the failure rate for restaurants is?
A) 60%
B) 30%
C) 70%
D) 50%
Answer: A
330) In the restaurant industry, the number one customer demand is ________.
A) cleanliness
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B) value
C) quality
D) variety
Answer: C
331) All of the following are common factors of food-borne illness EXCEPT?
A) Unsafe food sources
B) Cooking food adequately
C) Contaminated equipment
D) Poor personal hygiene
Answer: B
332) All of the following are categories of alcohol EXCEPT?
A) Filtered beverages
B) Fermented beverages
C) Distilled beverages
D) Compounded beverages
Answer: A
CHAPTER 8 TRUE / FALSE
333) Travel allows us to visit new locations and sample unfamiliar foods.
Answer: T
334) Research has shown that culinary tourists are less educated and spend less than other
tourists.
Answer: F
335) The fifth and final step in planning to meet guest expectations is determining the plate
presentation for all menu items.
Answer: F
336) Food and beverage events can be critical components in attracting tourists to resorts,
festivals, theme parks, casinos, and many other destinations.
Answer: T
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337) Escoffier was probably the most influential chef of modern times since he reorganized
the work stations in kitchens, eliminating duplicate efforts.
Answer: T
338) The guest experience is determined by a variety of interrelated factors, from menu
design and place settings to plate presentation and style of service.
Answer: T
339) Timing is the sequencing of each task and activity to produce desired results.
Answer: T
340) The brigade system is a rigid structure of food service organizations that can only be
used in fine dining establishments.
Answer: F
341) Prime vendor agreements are contracts that specify the item(s) wanted, including a brief
description of quality and grade, the number, and the price.
Answer: F
342) Culinary tours have always been a significant component of the overall tourism
industry.
Answer: F
343) Labor and food costs are the largest controllable expenses for food and beverage
operations.
Answer: T
344) The bacterial red zone is where most bacteria grow or multiply rapidly when products
are held at temperatures below 41 degrees Fahrenheit.
Answer: F
345) Suppliers to the foodservice industry are called purveyors.
Answer: T
346) Prime vendor agreements are negotiated where the majority of purchases are directed
towards one purveyor.
Answer: T
347) A banquet is a food and beverage function designed, priced, and produced for a client,
usually for a single event or occasion.
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Answer: T
348) Perfuming is the practice of heating and cooking off alcoholic beverages in dessert
recipes.
Answer: F
349) Pairings of nonalcoholic beverages and foods should also be taken into consideration
when designing and pricing menus.
Answer: T
350) Table d’hôte is a French term referring to a menu in which each item is priced and
prepared separately.
Answer: F
351) On average, tourists spend 10%-15% of the total travel expenditure on food.
Answer: F
352) Advances in farming have increased the quantity but not the quality of food.
Answer: F
353) Placing menu items at the beginning or end of their category, increases their likelihood
of being ordered.
Answer: T
354) Mobile foodservice offerings like food trucks is a recent phenomenon.
Answer: F
355) The median lifespan for restaurant operations is less than five years.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 9
ATTRACTIONS AND ENTERTAINMENT
CHAPTER 9 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
356) All of the following can be considered broad categories of possible leisure-time choices
for tourists EXCEPT________.
A) heritage attractions
B) educational seminars
C) commercial attractions
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D) live entertainment
Answer: B
357) All of the following statements about tourists are true EXCEPT that they ________.
A) tend to seek out a variety of attractions and entertainment
B) participate in many leisure and recreational activities
C) are mostly attracted to new culinary opportunities
D) seek to see, do, and experience new things
Answer: C
358) Attractions differ from events in all of the following aspects EXCEPT ________.
A) attractions may be either natural locations or constructed facilities
B) most attractions are permanent
C) attractions are not-for-profit
D) visitor attendance and cash flow of attractions are typically influenced by seasonal
changes
Answer: C
359) Heritage attractions include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) museums
B) parks and preserves
C) zoos and aquariums
D) theme parks
Answer: D
360) Which of the following is NOT a solution to cash flow management problems for
attraction operators?
A) recruiting and training retirees and college students during the busy season
B) negotiating a line of credit and extended payment terms with suppliers
C) selling seasonal passes at the end of the season or before the season begins
D) paying flat salaries to students who stay throughout the season
Answer: D
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361) Which of the following statements is NOT true about museums?
A) The diverse cultures of other people and the past that are displayed in museums
attract tourists.
B) The number of available museums throughout the world is decreasing.
C) The types of museums from which visitors can choose include general, art, history,
science and technology, military, and natural history.
D) Countries are taking steps to preserve historic treasures and attract visitors through
active restoration and interpretive programs.
Answer: B
362) One of the newest and most spectacular aquariums in the world is located at Expo ’98 in
the city of ________.
A) London
B) Lisbon
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Tokyo
Answer: B
363) The first amusement parks were called ________.
A) fairs
B) festivals
C) casinos
D) pleasure gardens
Answer: D
364) All of the following help to distinguish theme parks from amusement parks EXCEPT
that theme parks ________.
A) are destinations in themselves
B) can replicate almost any location in the world
C) need to work out the logistics of people flow and control crowds
D) eliminate the expense of foreign travel
Answer: C
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365) To compete successfully, theme parks must do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) standardize design irrespective of target market
B) provide visually pleasing and exciting park facilities
C) become more aware of consumer perceptions and concerns
D) work out the logistics of people flow
Answer: A
366) Which statement is NOT true with regard to shopping as a tourist attraction?
A) Malls don’t allow tourist buses in order to prevent overcrowding of stores.
B) Malls are transforming themselves into tourist destinations by adding amusement
parks, cultural attractions, and entertainment activities.
C) Malls are also getting much bigger by adding more retail, office, and entertainment
opportunities as well as additional hotel rooms.
D) Malls’ marketing efforts provide incentives to tour operators and support from
tourist bureaus to keep the shoppers coming back in large numbers.
Answer: A
367) ________ tend to play games of skill more than slot machines, which are games of luck.
A) High rollers
B) Day trippers
C) Low stakes / new adopters
D) Family vacationers
Answer: A
368) Which of the following is NOT a basic factor for the current and future success of the
gaming industry?
A) voters approving of gaming alternatives since they view gaming as a “voluntary
tax”
B) more people accepting gaming as a leisure pursuit
C) fun, excitement, and fantasy
D) retirees and “low rollers” participating in gaming activities
Answer: C
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369) The most famous of the early athletic competitions were the Olympic Games held
in________.
A) Athens
B) Olympia
C) London
D) Rome
Answer: B
370) Which of the following is an example of a contemporary performing art?
A) ballet
B) symphony
C) opera
D) rock concerts
Answer: D
371) People who volunteer their time or work for very little pay in museums are called
________.
A) concierges
B) curators
C) docents
D) maitre d’s
Answer: C
372) Which sport has taken over the title of fastest growing spectator sport of the last decade?
A) Professional Bull Riders
B) National Basketball Association
C) National Association for Stock Car Racing (NASCAR)
D) College World Series
Answer: A
373) All of the following statements about performing arts are true EXCEPT ________.
A) concert halls are developed for the express purpose of showcasing the art form
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B) live entertainment has always been a draw for travelers
C) they can serve as primary tourism revenue generators and they add to the attraction
of a place, encouraging tourists to stay longer
D) many of the performing art companies stage productions and perform for the
public throughout the year
Answer: D
374) Attractions are increasingly using all of the following strategies to combat challenges
with seasonality EXCEPT ________.
A) offering special events
B) closing in the slow seasons
C) adding seasonal activities
D) cooperative marketing
Answer: B
375) Which destination has the highest gaming revenue?
A) Dubai
B) Las Vegas
C) Atlantic City
D) Macau
Answer: D
376) Research on shopping identifies all of the following types of tourists EXCEPT?
A) arts-and-crafts shoppers
B) non-shoppers
C) not-so-serious shoppers
D) fashion shoppers
Answer: D
377) Types of sports tourism including all of the following EXCEPT?
A) Wellness sport tourism
B) Active sport tourism
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C) Event sport tourism
D) Nostalgia sport tourism
Answer: A
CHAPTER 9 – TRUE / FALSE
378) Casinos and theme parks are the most popular of entertainment activities enjoyed by the
tourists of North America.
Answer: T
379) While most entertainment alternatives are permanent, attractions are often temporary.
Answer: F
380) Management and marketing decisions for attraction operators are simplified since
attendance patterns demonstrate little fluctuation.
Answer: F
381) Activities have been added to match the seasons, to generate shoulder season
attendance.
Answer: T
382) Large collections of animals, which are now referred to as zoological parks, were
originally called menageries.
Answer: T
383) Re-creating the natural setting found in the wild generates interest and traffic in
zoological parks.
Answer: T
384) Parks are dedicated to protecting nature for future generations, as well as providing
visitors with open spaces for rest, relaxation, and recreation.
Answer: T
385) As a not-for-profit government agency, the national park system in the United States
depends on appropriations for funding.
Answer: T
386) Fairs and festivals are a bit of heritage attractions, commercial attractions, and live
entertainment.
Answer: T
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387) Technology plays a very important role in the operation of sophisticated amusement
parks.
Answer: T
388) Europe doesn’t have any large and successful theme parks.
Answer: F
389) Amusement/theme park revenue sources do not include concessions, sponsorships, and
special events.
Answer: F
390) Unlike other segments of the tourism industry, there are specific classifications and
uniform reporting systems for amusement parks.
Answer: F
391) Slot machines generate 70% of casino revenues in the United States.
Answer: T
392) Casino gaming is one of the most regulated businesses around the world.
Answer: T
393) Malls that do not rely on added attractions but rather provide just good, solid shopping
opportunities do not draw in visitors.
Answer: F
394) Casino operations exploded in Macao when the Chinese government eased visa
requirements for visiting this destination.
Answer: T
395) In a casino, each machine is programmed to set different yields, so a machine may pay
out higher or lower.
Answer: T
396) Seasonal attractions are recruiting retirees to help with their staffing needs.
Answer: T
397) Most zoos in the United States are non-profit organizations.
Answer: F
398) Disneyworld in Orlando, Florida was the first theme park.
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Answer: F
399) Souvenir shopping is declining and fewer than 50% of overseas travelers report that they
shop during their visit to the US.
Answer: F
CHAPTER 10
DESTINATIONS
CHAPTER 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE
400) Which of the following is a common characteristic of a resort location?
A) diverse manufacturing base
B) beaches
C) easy accessibility for visitors
D) cruise ships
Answer: C
401) By using trip types, destinations can be conveniently grouped in all of the following
categories EXCEPT ________.
A) beach
B) cruise
C) casino
D) metropolitan
Answer: D
402) The strategic grouping of resort destinations that can be labelled “Year-Round
Playgrounds” includes ________.
A) casino resorts
B) mountain resorts
C) seaside resorts
D) winter ski resorts
Answer: A
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403) A group of destinations that is significantly affected by changes in seasonal weather
patterns and has little in the way of commercial development can be placed in which of the
following strategic groups?
A) bright lights and city sights
B) far from the maddening crowd
C) year-round playgrounds
D) spotlight on sporting activities
Answer: B
404) Destinations that can be classified as “links to the past” are often impacted by
________.
A) infrastructure requirements
B) private developers
C) religious holidays
D) weather variations
Answer: C
405) Which of the following factors does NOT impact the survival and success of snow
holiday resorts?
A) labor-intensive service needs
B) capital-intensive requirements for development
C) proximity to convention halls
D) economic fluctuations
Answer: C
406) Which of the following statements is NOT true of a golf resort?
A) A regulation-length 18-hole golf course requires 150 to 200 acres of land.
B) The usual layout of a golf course is such that the finishing hole is near the
beginning one.
C) The greens fees generated by golf courses are an important resort revenue center.
D) Design and construction of a basic golf resort usually costs about $500,000
Answer: D
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407) Healthy food, exercise classes, baths, massages, herbal treatments, and educational
training are typically found at ________.
A) golf resorts
B) spa resorts
C) summer resorts
D) snow holiday resorts
Answer: B
408) The primary cruise ship ports in Canada and the United States include all of the
following EXCEPT ________.
A) Mobile
B) New York
C) Port Everglades
D) Vancouver
Answer: A
409) Mega-cruise ships are designed for maximum capacities of ________.
A) 7,000 passengers
B) 3,000 passengers
C) 5,000 passengers
D) 20,000 passengers
Answer: A
410) The fastest growing demographic segment of cruise ship passengers is ________.
A) mature travelers
B) 25- to 40-year-olds
C) aestheticians
D) divorced men
Answer: B
411) All of the following services are priced separately on most cruises EXCEPT ________.
A) spas
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B) beauty salons
C) shows
D) shore excursions
Answer: C
412) Which of the following categories of ships are used for niche markets, such as
education-based, ultraluxury, or adventure cruises?
A) small ships
B) megaships
C) multipurpose ships
D) sailing ships
Answer: A
413) The inclusive services received at integrated resorts are often compared to those
received ________.
A) at hotels
B) at winter ski resorts
C) on cruise ships
D) at retreats
Answer: C
414) According to the Canadian Tourism Commission, which of the following is NOT
considered a key attribute of a destination city?
A) image
B) setting
C) architecture
D) size
Answer: D
415) Which of the following cities could be classified in the “Bright Lights and City Sights”
category?
A) Augusta, Maine
B) Birmingham, Alabama
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C) Chicago, Illinois
D) Davenport, Iowa
Answer: C
416) Which of the following seasons is also called “shoulder season”?
A) secondary season
B) primary season
C) peak season
D) winter season
Answer: A
417) A cruise ship’s equivalent to a floor or story in a hotel is called a ________.
A) deck
B) galley
C) stateroom
D) purser
Answer: A
418) All of the following are factors that impact snow holiday resorts EXCEPT?
A) extreme fluctuations in cash flow
B) available water resources
C) available discretionary income
D) central locations
Answer: D
419) Which position in a spa would be responsible for exfoliation?
A) nail technician
B) massage therapist
C) esthetician
D) fitness personnel
Answer: C
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420) Managers of snow holiday resorts contend with all of the following challenges
EXCEPT?
A) drought
B) aging population of target market
C) environmental protection groups
D) predictable weather patterns
Answer: D
CHAPTER 10 TRUE / FALSE
421) As tourist destinations grow in popularity, services are usually added to meet increased
levels of demand.
Answer: T
422) The first resorts were built by the Egyptians along the Nile River.
Answer: F
423) The first resorts in America were built around spas and focused on health and relaxation.
Answer: T
424) Most resort properties generate sufficient revenues to be open for only a few months
each year.
Answer: F
425) A measure of the total interior size of a ship determined by volume of public space is
called space ratio.
Answer: F
426) Seaside and summer resorts are affected to some degree by seasonal weather patterns.
Answer: T
427) A cruise director is a person who plans and operates passenger entertainment and
activities onboard a cruise ship.
Answer: T
428) Pursers are all individuals responsible for the safety and navigation of cruise ships.
Answer: F
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429) The first permanent golf club in North America was founded at the Royal Montreal
Club in Canada.
Answer: T
430) Cruise ship passengers are free to come and go in crew quarters.
Answer: F
431) Resort destinations and destination resorts are the same thing.
Answer: F
432) Seasonality refers to the simple weather conditions at destinations.
Answer: F
433) Destinations can be categorized into groups that share similar characteristics using a
concept called strategic grouping.
Answer: T
434) Integrated resorts are often called four-season resorts.
Answer: T
435) Resorts are health spas or locations with a single purpose, catering to a single target
segment.
Answer: F
436) Each snow holiday resort is unique and has different operational problems.
Answer: F
437) Golf courses are being added to more and more resorts, as they are inexpensive to build
and maintain.
Answer: F
438) As people have less free time in their life, spas are focusing on services that offering
greater relaxation in shorter time periods.
Answer: T
439) Travelers do not consider all cities to be tourist destinations.
Answer: T
440) Heritage tourism is the hottest trend in the travel industry today.
Answer: T
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CHAPTER 11
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM
CHAPTER 11 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
441) All of the following statements regarding comparative advantage are true EXCEPT
which?
A) Economic decisions must be based on comparative advantage.
B) Many island economies consider that tourism has a comparative advantage
because of their currency exchange rate.
C) Tourism has a comparative advantage when a region has no alternative industry to
develop other than tourism.
D) Tourism has a comparative advantage when a region is especially appealing to
tourists.
Answer: B
442) The United States falls in top-of-mind awareness of international travelers due
to________.
A) currency exchange rates
B) lack of marketing dollars
C) security issues
D) unfriendly attitudes
Answer: B
443) Researchers typically estimate the level of tourism activity by ________.
A) dividing the number of visitors by the annual tourism budget
B) multiplying the number of tourists by the annual tourism budget
C) multiplying the estimated number of arrivals to a destination by the average
expenditure per visitor
D) multiplying the average number of visitors by the daily expenditures level per
visitor
Answer: C
444) From an economics perspective, scarce commodities for communities or countries
would be ________.
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A) the amount and variety of natural resources and the pool of human resources
B) money, available time, and the physical energy to travel
C) the availability and quality of tourism services employees
D) tax revenues
Answer: A
445) All of the following statements about multiplier effect are true EXCEPT which?
A) The multiplier effect occurs when some of the new money from the tourist is re-
spent within the local economy.
B) Island countries have very quick leakage and, therefore, very low output
multipliers.
C) The multiplier effect is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects.
D) Economic variables for which economists derive multiplier values do not include
taxes and imports.
Answer: D
446) A community seeing higher expenditures on health care because of the increased
number of residents drawn to the area for employment in the tourism industry is an example
of ________.
A) leakage
B) indirect effect
C) direct effect
D) induced effect
Answer: D
447) When tourism generates dollars that are not re-spent in the area, it is referred to as
________.
A) the multiplier effect
B) indirect effect
C) leakage
D) linkage
Answer: C
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448) Which of the following statements is NOT true of the economic impact of tourism?
A) Dollar values are assigned to increased tax revenues and increased employment
opportunities.
B) Increased needs for school and police systems are also assigned dollar values.
C) If the value of the positive impacts is greater than the value of the negative
impacts, the total economic impact is positive.
D) Tourism revenues are largely unaffected by crisis events.
Answer: D
449) In a tourism-related public-private organization, government partners are most likely to
fund ________.
A) infrastructure improvements
B) superstructure additions
C) hotel development
D) additions to existing commercial attractions
Answer: A
450) Which of the following is NOT usually true of convention centers?
A) They are public/private organizations to attract the professional traveler.
B) They may also be completely financed and managed as nonprofit private
associations of tourism-related businesses.
C) They offset annual marketing and operating costs through tourism-related taxes
and membership fees generated from services provided to attendees.
D) They are highly profitable enterprises.
Answer: D
451) National and state/provincial governments support tourism development by performing
activities that include collection of tourism information, regulation of tourism-related
businesses like airlines, promotion of tourism, funding infrastructure, and development of
________.
A) superstructure facilities
B) destination vision
C) tourism policy
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D) destination image
Answer: C
452) Predicting future demand and competitive environment is part of the ________ of
tourism planning and processes.
A) definitional phase
B) analytical phase
C) operational phase
D) implemental phase
Answer: C
453) The continuous process of research and development decisions to create and sustain
tourism in a region is called ________.
A) cost/benefit analysis
B) tourism planning
C) policy
D) privatization
Answer: B
454) A tourism planning organization needs to research market segments for trends and
economic impacts, gain the cooperation of industry segments, change marketing priorities if
required, and ________.
A) build facilities
B) regulate airlines
C) preserve resources that attract visitors
D) tax goods and services
Answer: C
455) All of the following are examples of direct tourism-related taxes EXCEPT ________.
A) hotel/lodging taxes
B) restaurant taxes
C) gasoline taxes
D) lottery taxes
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Answer: D
456) ________ is the likelihood of the potential traveler to visit a destination in the near
future.
A) Destination image
B) Cognition
C) Conation
D) Affect
Answer: C
457) The reason why tourism development can lead to political tugs-of-war is that ________.
A) each constituent group has its own set of priorities
B) tourism business owners and government officials are part of the constituent group
C) all of the constituent groups share the same priorities concerning how resources
should be spent
D) all of the constituent groups agree that quality of life is important
Answer: A
458) Hidden taxes are often placed in which of the following tourism service suppliers?
A) airlines
B) rental cars
C) restaurants
D) theme parks
Answer: B
459) All of the following are ways a tourism dollar could be re-spent EXCEPT ?
A) Refunded to tourist
B) Paid to local business for supplies
C) Paid to local employee
D) Paid to non-local employee
Answer: A
460) The most common and influential types of crises include all of the following EXCEPT ?
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A) Terrorism
B) Natural disaster
C) Economic crash
D) Disease epidemic
Answer: C
461) Kamil and O’Donnell started Big ________ Walking Tours in New York City.
A) Grapefruit
B) Apple
C) Meatball
D) Onion
Answer: D
462) All of the following are considered costs association with tourism EXCEPT?
A) Increased tax revenue
B) Increased need for utilities
C) Increased need for schools
D) Increased police protection
Answer: A
463) A tourism policy has which feature?
A) Written at the micro level
B) Offers a short-term perspective
C) Delineates critical resources
D) Calculates information outputs
Answer: C
CHAPTER 11 – TRUE / FALSE
464) The methods of determining estimated levels of tourism activity may vary, but the
results will be the same.
Answer: F
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465) The factors that have led to rapid growth rate of travel to international destinations
include increased disposable income, leisure time, and destination attractiveness.
Answer: T
466) Public/private organizations or partnerships are a common way for tourism promotion
and development decisions to be made and funded.
Answer: T
467) Destination positioning is relative, as it relates the image of one destination to those of
its competitors.
Answer: T
468) One of the most important factors influencing the level of international tourism to a
country is the relative exchange rate of its currency for other currencies.
Answer: T
469) A single currency has little impact on international tourism expenditures.
Answer: F
470) Tourism is an export industry.
Answer: T
471) The tourism policy should provide a “destination vision.”
Answer: T
472) The higher the output multiplier, the more economically self-sufficient the country.
Answer: T
473) Large increases in the number of tourists to an area usually result in economies of scale,
which will decrease costs of providing services to residents.
Answer: F
474) The design of convention centers ranges from tiny facilities that are little more than a
single large room to immense complexes that can hold tens of thousands of conventioneers.
Answer: T
475) The decision-making process for promoting and developing tourism typically happens
through a rational process in which the interests of all parties are carefully considered and
balanced.
Answer: F
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476) The action of converting a government-operated business to private ownership is called
privatization.
Answer: T
477) Key determinants for the site decisions of a convention center are price, size, and quality
of facilities, and a wide variety of amenities or add-ons that will likely encourage prospective
attendees of the convention to sign up.
Answer: T
478) Convention centers are usually built with a combination of city and state funds.
Answer: T
479) Marketing to attract convention and trade show business is similar to efforts used to
entice leisure travelers.
Answer: F
480) Analysis of current and future demand, competition, and promotion is a step in the
analytical phase of the tourism policy and planning process.
Answer: T
481) Tourism planning is usually undertaken by private consulting groups with little or no
government involvement.
Answer: F
482) The US is the country with the highest number of international visitors.
Answer: F
483) New Orleans uses the amount of garbage collected during Mardi Gras to estimate the
number of visitors.
Answer: T
484) “Ripple effects” from additional spending are not included in the calculation of the
multiplier effect.
Answer: F
485) Having a diversified economy means that an area is not overly reliant on any one
industry.
Answer: T
486) By the end of 2001, the estimated decline in tourism from the September 11th attacks
was 45%.
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Answer: F
487) Economics is a debate about quality of life.
Answer: F
488) The cost of hosting the Sochi Olympic Games was over $50 billion.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 12
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM
CHAPTER 12 MULTIPLE CHOICE
489) Where is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park?
A) New Zealand
B) United States
C) Australia
D) South Africa
Answer: C
490) Which of the following is NOT an element in physical capacity?
A) number of roads
B) environmental impact
C) size of parking lots
D) amount of water
Answer: B
491) Which of the following is defined as the limit on the actual number of users that can be
accommodated in a region?
A) physical capacity
B) culture
C) social carrying capacity
D) demonstration effect
Answer: A
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492) Which of the following statements is NOT true of carrying capacity?
A) There can and should be limits to tourism activities.
B) There is no exception for tourism.
C) There are no limits to where benefits can be gained.
D) There is a maximum level of users that an area can accommodate.
Answer: C
493) Which of the following defines environmental capacity?
A) the limit on the number of users that an area can accommodate before visitors
perceive a decline in the desirability of the area
B) a form of tourism that focuses on environmental and cultural preservation
C) the features of an environment that make it suitable for year-round tourism
D) the number of outsiders to an area that can be accepted without having damaging
psychological effects on the locals of the area.
Answer: A
494) The customary beliefs, social roles, and material objects that are passed down from
generation to generation are called ________.
A) society
B) community
C) culture
D) institutions
Answer: C
495) A host community is composed of all of the following resources EXCEPT ________.
A) local residents
B) economic system
C) natural resources
D) number of visitors
Answer: D
496) Which of the following measures does NOT help in determining the carrying capacity?
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A) amount of use by the average visitor
B) expressions of culture
C) quality of resource management
D) number of area residents
Answer: B
497) The number of people that a society and its land can bear without substantial damage to
its culture is called ________.
A) demonstration effect
B) economic benefits
C) external influences
D) social carrying capacity
Answer: D
498) The display of material goods and affluence tourists often bring when visiting locations
in undeveloped and lesser developed countries that can lead to envy is called ________.
A) an internal problem
B) the demonstration effect
C) mass tourism
D) host community
Answer: B
499) Air pollution can become a problem with ________.
A) relocation of airports
B) attainment of the critical mass of interest
C) the increased level of vehicle traffic in an area
D) daily life activities of culture
Answer: C
500) Dark sky tourists can see interpretive programs in all of the following locations
EXCEPT ________.
A) Yosemite
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B) Las Vegas
C) Acadia
D) Death Valley
Answer: B
501) Which of the following is a reason for the evolution of ecotourism?
A) to expand the number of users that an area can accommodate before visitors cause
a decline in the desirability of the area
B) to improve the quality of resource management and facility development/design
C) to attract tourists based on material goods, daily life activities, and social
expressions of culture
D) to try to preserve the environment and still gain the economic benefits of tourism
Answer: D
502) What are superstructures?
A) basic framework of an organization
B) vegetation, wildlife, and precious historical attractions
C) facilities directly associated with serving visitors’ needs
D) roads, ports and airports, electricity, and water and sewage systems
Answer: C
503) Which of the following is NOT an underlying foundation or basic framework for a
system or organization?
A) retail establishments
B) airports
C) sewage systems
D) electricity
Answer: A
504) Which of the following is NOT part of the social and cultural benefits of tourism?
A) awareness of new tastes and ways of thinking
B) effect of tourism on native language
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C) improved standards of living
D) attainment of the critical mass of interest
Answer: B
505) A visit to Venice and its lagoon facilitates the experience of which of the following
eras?
A) the Middle Ages
B) the Roman Empire era
C) the Modern Age
D) the Mobility Era
Answer: A
506) Which US President instituted the National Park System?
A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Harry Truman
Answer: B
507) All of the following are ways to reduce the amount of “use” by visitors EXCEPT?
A) Construct walkways to promote foot traffic
B) Bus visitors from remote parking lots
C) Limit entry and exit to a single access point
D) Create viewing platforms
Answer: C
508) Responsible travelers are likely to ________.
A) Disturb local fauna
B) Rent a private vehicle
C) Change local behaviors
D) Reduce water consumption
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Answer: D
CHAPTER 12 TRUE / FALSE
509) Management, education and appreciation are probably the most important ways tourism
can be used to preserve the environment.
Answer: T
510) Tourism cannot be used to help finance the preservation of attractions and natural areas.
Answer: F
511) With proper planning, there is no limit to how many tourists can visit any location.
Answer: F
512) The age of victims of sex tourism is decreasing.
Answer: T
513) The management of a natural attraction demands careful environmental planning and
creative carrying capacity design to balance visitor enjoyment and education with the well-
being of the flora and fauna of the location.
Answer: T
514) To provide services to visitors, a tourism area must first develop the necessary
infrastructure to support these services.
Answer: T
515) UNESCO maintains a list of heritage sites that are threatened or in potential danger.
Answer: T
516) The community a tourist is visiting is often termed the host community.
Answer: T
517) An attainment of the critical mass of interest is not necessary to maintain the viability of
a traditional art forms with regard to tourism.
Answer: F
518) The practices and objects of a culture can be grouped into three categories: physical,
environmental, and ecological.
Answer: F
519) The Middle East is the cradle of three of the world’s most prominent religions:
Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
88
Answer: F
520) Tourism cannot have a detrimental effect on the young people or on the culture of an
area.
Answer: F
521) Special expressions of a culture are found in its unique history, architecture, and special
traditions.
Answer: T
522) Greece is a popular tourism destination because of the vast array of leisure activities
available.
Answer: F
523) Sex tourism is especially prevalent in economically advanced and politically stable
countries.
Answer: F
524) An increase in the number of situational abusers is one of the reasons that sex tourism
has grown dramatically in recent years.
Answer: T
525) Crime can become a serious societal problem when tourism succeeds.
Answer: T
526) The Sherpas play only a minor role in the trekking tourism of Nepal.
Answer: F
527) An expatriate is a citizen of one nation who lives in a nation of which he or she is not a
citizen.
Answer: T
528) Coastal communities consider development on Oahu as a model for how to successfully
manage “scenic impact.”
Answer: F
529) Over 99% of the population in the contiguous US live in an area with light pollution.
Answer: T
530) Demand from tourists can cause local traditions to become diluted.
Answer: T
89
531) Tourism to an area in large numbers is called mass tourism.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 13
SUSTAINING TOURISM’S BENEFITS
CHAPTER 13 – MULTIPLE CHOICE
532) Mass tourism can result in high environmental, social, and cultural costs leading to all of
the following EXCEPT ________.
A) architectural pollution of tourist strips
B) local ownership and management of services
C) disruption of traditional cultural events and occupations
D) low priority to local needs with funds used to increase tourism amenities
Answer: B
533) Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of ecotourism?
A) Large numbers of tourists should be attracted for the greatest economic benefit.
B) Tourists’ experiences should focus on the host community’s existing scenic and
activity opportunities.
C) Tourism should blend with the environment and culture.
D) A high proportion of local materials should be used to fulfill tourists’ needs.
Answer: A
534) All the following denote benefits of ecotourism for host communities EXCEPT
________.
A) increased publicity brings in new and increasingly more affluent visitors
B) understanding between locals and members of different cultures is promoted
C) local populations are educated on matters of health, education, energy use,
business, and environmental conservation
D) a financial incentive to protect and conserve a globally significant natural/cultural
resource is provided
Answer: A
535) Among the reasons cited for the recent explosion in tourism growth is ________.
90
A) people are depressed about worldwide environmental degradation
B) fewer people have the leisure, time, and money to travel
C) internal political strife causes citizens to leave home
D) quicker, cheaper, and safer global transportation
Answer: D
536) Which of the following is NOT a common term used to describe ecotourism and related
activities?
A) green tourism
B) adventure tourism
C) voluntourism
D) responsible tourism
Answer: C
537) Which of the following statements regarding sustainable tourism is NOT true?
A) Creating a sustainable tourism operation requires action and commitment.
B) Achieving sustainability requires a great deal of effort.
C) Sustainability is a well-developed concept that has universal standards of usage.
D) One can identify a tourism operator dedicated to conservation by asking certain
pointed questions that include queries on protection of the local community’s employment,
culture, flora, and fauna.
Answer: C
538) According to the Wilderness Act, all of the following apply in wilderness areas
EXCEPT ________.
A) commercial enterprises are not allowed
B) visits by tourists are not allowed
C) motorized vehicles and landing of aircraft are not allowed
D) permanent or temporary roads are not allowed
Answer: B
539) The growth rate being experienced by ecotourism has been described as ________.
A) lackluster
91
B) double-digit
C) stable
D) declining
Answer: B
540) In the second phase of the Irridex, local residents feel ________.
A) apathy
B) annoyance
C) apprehension
D) euphoria
Answer: B
541) In the euphoria stage of tourism development, destination residents ________.
A) begin to take tourism for granted
B) welcome both tourism investors and travelers
C) view tourism as just another industry
D) seek to implement sustainability practices
Answer: B
542) All of the following statements denote characteristics of mass tourism EXCEPT
________.
A) it tends to lead to increased development of infrastructure and superstructure
B) it fits into the community and shares in its ways
C) the presence and actions of more and more tourists increase the wear and tear of
the environment
D) individual tourists threaten the natural environment simply by blazing trails while
walking through nature
Answer: B
543) Which of the following is NOT a fundamental feature of ecotourists?
A) They desire to mingle with local culture.
B) They are wealthier, college-educated, and are willing to spend large amounts on
extended trips.
92
C) They have poor environmental commitment.
D) They tend to participate in active, yet nature-focused sports such as climbing and
canoeing.
Answer: C
544) All of the following are associated with hard ecotourism EXCEPT ________.
A) small groups
B) physically active
C) multipurpose trip
D) emphasis on personal experience
Answer: C
545) All of the following are associated with soft ecotourism EXCEPT ________.
A) large groups
B) physically passive
C) physical comfort
D) long duration
Answer: D
546) When trying to determine whether hotels and resorts are dedicated to conservation and
preservation, travelers should consider all of the following questions EXCEPT which?
A) Is there a published environmental policy?
B) How are flora and fauna protected?
C) Are they associated with research and development on renewable energy sources?
D) Are locals hired to fill most positions?
Answer: C
547) Which of the following attributes would be used to describe a conventional lodging
property?
A) built on previously developed land
B) natural materials used in construction
C) standard designs utilized to minimize construction costs
93
D) local employees recruited, trained, and developed for all positions
Answer: C
548) Which of the following is NOT one of the four Rs of sustainable practices?
A) reuse
B) recoup
C) recycle
D) reduce
Answer: B
549) The idea of geotourism was developed by the ________.
A) U.S. Green Building Council
B) National Geographic Traveler magazine
C) Budget Travel magazine
D) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Answer: B
550) Which of the following is NOT considered in the triple bottom line?
A) People
B) Profit
C) Politics
D) Profit
Answer: D
551) Scientists estimate that the global temperature will rise between 2 o and 6o by the year
________.
A) 2030
B) 2040
C) 2050
D) 2060
Answer: C
94
552) WWOOFing stands for ________.
A) World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms
B) Waste Water Operations old Formulation
C) Wildlife Watching Out of Freedom
D) Wilderness Weekend only Our Forest
Answer: A
553) The CST in Costa Rica rates hotel sustainability from 1 to 5 ________.
A) stars
B) diamonds
C) leaves
D) turtles
Answer: C
CHAPTER 13 – TRUE / FALSE
554) As opposed to ecotourism, mass tourism primarily involves travel to sensitive natural
and cultural environments.
Answer: F
555) Mass tourism lays emphasis on learning as an outcome of tourism for the tourist.
Answer: F
556) The manufacture and promotion of off-road vehicles may be a big threat to nature.
Answer: T
557) Ecotechniques can be used to minimize the negative impacts that large numbers of
visitors can have on host communities and the environment.
Answer: T
558) In the apathy stage of tourism development, destination residents welcome tourism
investors and travelers.
Answer: F
559) Sustaining the natural and cultural elements of fragile environments is the key idea of
mass tourism.
95
Answer: F
560) Ecotechniques include use of solar panels, rainwater collection, and bioclimatic design.
Answer: T
561) Conventional lodging operations build on previously developed land and design
buildings to blend in with the natural setting while incorporating energy-efficient features.
Answer: F
562) Low-impact tourism is another term used to denote mass tourism and its related
activities.
Answer: F
563) Ecotourism has a high affinity for sustainability as a core element of its definition.
Answer: T
564) Hard ecotourism activities are enjoyed by a relatively small proportion of
environmentally conscious ecotourists.
Answer: T
565) Sustainable lodging operations utilize all available marketing channels to increase
visitor traffic and occupancy rates for maximum profitability.
Answer: F
566) Carbon footprints can be reduced by using locally grown agricultural products,
composting, and the judicial and intelligent use of delivery trucks to and from the farms and
the restaurants.
Answer: T
567) Geotourism encourages visitors to spend money, keeping preservation in mind.
Answer: T
568) As tourism industry participants adopt practices designed to maintain or achieve
sustainability, the number of visitors that can be accommodated decreases.
Answer: T
569) In a farm-to-fork program, local restaurants showcase food items prepared from
agricultural produce flown in from outside farms.
Answer: F
96
570) To promote sustainability and manage the carrying capacity of specific sites, restrictive
entry in the form of tickets, reservations, or higher entry fees is often used.
Answer: T
571) Compared to tourists, travelers are more likely to seek authentic experiences.
Answer: T
572) Sustainable development strives to meet the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Answer: T
573) Climate change is possibly the greatest impending threat to global tourism.
Answer: T
574) Non-seasonal attractions in big cities are not threatened by climate change.
Answer: F
575) It is likely that limiting air travel in the future will come in a response to government
regulations.
Answer: T
CHAPTER 14
THE FUTURE OF TOURISM
CHAPTER 14 MULTIPLE CHOICE
576) One of the biggest changes that will occur in the tourism market in the twenty-first
century will be ________.
A) the increased levels of leisure travel both domestically and internationally
B) the decreased popularity of skiing in the traditional ski countries
C) the increasing size of the mature traveler segment
D) the decreased need for interaction among businesses
Answer: C
577) ________ will be healthier, better educated, and wealthier.
A) Students
B) Senior baby boomers
C) Businesspeople
97
D) Seniors of other generations
Answer: B
578) Which of the following is NOT a prediction about baby boomers’ travel needs, once
they achieve senior citizen status?
A) They will use computers as a source of travel information and booking.
B) They will place more importance on seeing attractions rather than doing.
C) They will be interested in vacations that include healthy food, exercise, and
intellectual stimulation.
D) They will want to be offered different things to experience and learn.
Answer: B
579) A ________ is a person who lives alone and travels with or without a companion.
A) weekend traveler
B) business traveler
C) single traveler
D) mature traveler
Answer: C
580) Which of the following reasons could a decreased rate of growth in business and
professional travel be attributed to?
A) emerging trend of cooperative alliances
B) segmentation of the market into mass customization
C) development of slow tourism vacations as a niche segment
D) technological improvements in virtual conferencing
Answer: D
581) Travelers who prefer trips that allow time and opportunities for immersion will choose
which of the following tourism markets?
A) extreme tourism
B) space tourism
C) vocation tourism
D) slow tourism
98
Answer: D
582) Which of the following is NOT an example of extreme “hard adventure” tourism?
A) rock climbing
B) skydiving
C) spelunking
D) snorkeling
Answer: D
583) ________ is an example of “soft adventure” tourism.
A) Sea kayaking
B) Scuba diving
C) Sailing
D) Mountain climbing
Answer: C
584) Who was the first space tourist?
A) Dennis Tito
B) Mark Shuttleworth
C) Burt Rutan
D) Paul Allen
Answer: A
585) Which of the following tourism segments is being marketed to meet the needs of
travelers seeking to combine pleasure with accomplishment?
A) space tourism
B) adventure tourism
C) vocation tourism
D) medical tourism
Answer: C
586) All of the following are true about marijuana tourism EXCEPT ________.
99
A) the first state to legalize recreational marijuana was Oregon
B) most tourists to Colorado say that legal marijuana did not affect their decision to
visit
C) a challenge for marijuana tourists is finding a legal place to consume their
purchases
D) there are a variety of motivations within the market segment of marijuana tourists
Answer: A
587) Which of the following segments of adventure tourists are most likely to travel on an
all-inclusive package and pay the greatest amount for a trip?
A) general enthusiasts
B) upper-high naturalists
C) active soloists
D) soft moderates
Answer: C
588) In which of the following countries do some hospitals and hotels partner to offer
packages that combine a hotel stay with a treatment package?
A) Taiwan
B) Canada
C) Thailand
D) Singapore
Answer: D
589) Which of the following statements is NOT true of Maglev trains?
A) They generate their own energy from the friction created over their magnetic lines.
B) They can complete a transcontinental trip in approximately three hours.
C) They will soon replace traditional track-based trains.
D) They will draw more passengers from the airport to the ground.
Answer: C
590) The future of air travel presents all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) pilotless commercial aircrafts and lack of air traffic control centers
100
B) tilt-rotor planes to take off and land with little or no runway
C) double-decker superjumbo jets serving long-haul routes
D) smaller planes that fly through multiple connecting routes
Answer: D
591) The “Open Skies” treaty between ________ set in motion the consolidation wave
among previously competing airlines.
A) Europe and the United States
B) Russia and the United Kingdom
C) India and China
D) Canada and Germany
Answer: A
592) ________ refers to partnership agreements created among manufacturers, distributors,
and foodservice operators to lower food costs and improve quality of service.
A) Microsegmentation
B) Cooperative alliance
C) Subcontracting
D) Efficient foodservice response
Answer: D
593) Which of the following types of tourism research involves aspects such as positive and
negative impacts of tourism?
A) simulative research
B) predictive research
C) descriptive research
D) experimental research
Answer: C
594) Why is consumer research in tourism difficult?
A) Only private entities are entrusted with making informed decisions about spending
tax monies.
101
B) Consumers experience a set of services away from their homes, and frequently on
a short-term basis.
C) Information collected is often inaccurate because research takes place before
tourists visit an area.
D) Service relationships are often long-term and hometown-based, which make the
breadth of issues mind-boggling.
Answer: B
595) Which of the following is NOT an example of biometric?
A) Handwriting scans
B) Iris scans
C) Handprint scans
D) Facial scans
Answer: A
596) The most common way to collect tourism data is ________.
A) From tax revenue
B) From the accommodations sector
C) From the transportation sector
D) From tourists directly
Answer: D
597) A reservation for Virgin Galactic costs ________.
A) $50,000
B) $100,000
C) $250,000
D) $500,000
Answer: C
CHAPTER 14 TRUE / FALSE
598) There will always be a need for talented professionals to tackle the management,
marketing, and financial challenges in the tourism industry.
Answer: T
102
599) Doing business in the future will involve more, not less, collaboration with others.
Answer: T
600) Baby boomers are the most likely age cohort to travel.
Answer: T
601) By 2020, it is projected that more than 50% of all households will be composed of
single persons.
Answer: F
602) Single travelers find it difficult to identify acceptable roommates so that they can avoid
the single supplement premiums.
Answer: F
603) The Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality estimates that 70% of adults with
disabilities travel at least once a year.
Answer: T
604) Trends in communication technology seem to indicate that business travel will become
less necessary.
Answer: T
605) Family vacationers are middle-age and married with the highest incomes of any type of
adventure tourists.
Answer: F
606) It is estimated that by 2040, over half the population in the developed world will be over
the age of 50.
Answer: T
607) Medical tourism, travel to other countries to receive treatments, will become a new
growth opportunity in tourism.
Answer: T
608) Slow tourism vacations are projected to decrease in popularity.
Answer: F
609) Microsegments are market segments that represent a relatively small group of
consumers.
Answer: T
103
610) Camping is an example of a hard adventure activity.
Answer: F
611) A company mass customizes when it produces a good or service to fulfil the unique
needs of an individual buyer.
Answer: T
612) Connector trains will become the norm for mass transit in densely populated corridors.
Answer: T
613) Turboprop aircraft will be used with less and less frequency.
Answer: F
614) Increases in speed, and not size, of aircraft will be absolutely necessary to satisfy future
demand for air travel.
Answer: F
615) The fragmentation of the tourism industry has resulted in varying levels of service,
quality, availability, and pricing.
Answer: T
616) Cooperative alliance is a concept that was pioneered by airlines to gain greater brand
recognition and operating synergies.
Answer: T
617) Subcontracting of many functions, like cleaning, laundry, and food service, will
decrease.
Answer: F
618) Short haul flights in the future may have passengers stand as they do now on subways.
Answer: T
619) When universal guidelines are accepted across international boundaries,
environmentally safe practices will become the norm in the tourism industry.
Answer: T
620) Snow holiday resort will benefit from shifting demographics in the US.
Answer: F
621) Protections for people with disabilities are standardized around the world.
104
Answer: F
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