Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛

_____________________________________________________________________________________
September 19, 2023 (Tuesday) what he received, with the Holy Spirit as
the guide)
OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY ● Copies of each book were made: Textual Studies.
- Textual Studies
(Ps. Edwin)
● From the Textual Studies, come the
CANONICITY.
This course is a survey of the thirty-nine (39) books of the
- Each book recognized as being from
Old Testament. As we go through the Old Testament, we
God.
will explore how the message found in each one
- Canonicity - Refers to the church’s
contributes to the overall message of the Bible. We will
recognition of the authority of the
endeavor to understand how the redemptive plan of God
inspired writings.
unfolds and how each element of the story prepares the
- Already done, you cannot add
way for and points to the Messiah, Jesus Christ. We will
to it anymore
cover in sequence the key themes, authorship, divisions,
● After Canonicity, would be the Translation.
literary structure, cultural, geographical, and historical
- The collections translated.
backgrounds, and their significance in the overall plan of
● Now, we have THE BIBLE!
God for His chosen people and all mankind, to the present
move of God in His church, and the whole of creation.

TEXTBOOKS/ E-BOOKS & BIBLE APPS TO REFER

TO:
● Grasping God’s Word: A Hands-on Approach to
Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible by
Duvall & Hays
● Bible Dictionary (Holman Illustrated Bible
Dictionary)
● An introduction to the Old Testament (Tremper
Longman III & Raymond Dillard)
● Introduction to the New Testament (D.A. Carson
& Douglas [Link])
● Blue Letter Bible
BIBLE MADE…
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE BIBLE:
HOW WE GOT OUR BIBLE ● In reading, ILLUMINATION comes in.
● It comes from: a thought in the mind of God. ● When interpreting, that’s where
- The ultimate source is God and not HERMENEUTICS is applied.
anyone else. - Hermeneutics: Making it practical in
● It is a revelation that was imparted in the mind of your life.
the author
A THOUGHT IN THE MIND OF GOD -> BIBLE -> APPLY
- Revelation: unveiling the truth of God
- God initiated to reveal Himself to man Thought in God’s mind -> Revelation -> INSPIRATION ->
(to human author). TEXTUAL STUDIES -> CANONICITY -> TRANSLATION
● From revelation, comes the written word or the
written book of the Bible.
- This process is what we call
INSPIRATION.
- Inspiration: Process by which God is
still actively involved; author is writing

1
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

The Bible is the word of God. It is not just an invention of

humankind.

WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS between…

Inductive Method
EXEGESIS, THEOLOGY, and HERMENEUTICS - You go first to the details before you make a
conclusion.
EXEGESIS
- Interpretation Old Testament Survey & New Testament Survey -> Going
- Trying to put it together to the big picture
- Trying to dissect the verse, getting the
background, getting the author to understand the INDEPENDENT BIBLE STUDY
verse. ● This enables you to think for yourself.
● There’s a joy for personal discovery
THEOLOGY ● Helps you to Think Critically: Check if a person
- Concept of putting together the word to is teaching the right doctrine.
understand the truth. ● Evaluate the thoughts of others
- It is important that your theology is right. ● Develop your relationship with THE author
- Proper interpretation of scripture brings good
theology. 3 STEPS IN BIBLE STUDY
● Observation
Foundation of Exegesis & Theology: Hermeneutics ○ What does it say?
○ Laying the foundation.
HERMENEUTICS ■ What do you see in the verses?
- Will always give you good theology and proper ● Interpretation
form of exegesis. ○ What does it mean
○ GO INTO DETAILS
INDUCTIVE vs DEDUCTIVE ○ This is where we understand
○ Understand what the book is trying to
say
- Fundamental questions in Interpretation:
- What did it mean to the original
characters of the narrative?
- What did it mean to the author?
- What does it mean to the original
recepient/reader?
- What does it mean in the context of the
New Testament?

2
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
● Application
○ What does it mean to me?
WESTERN THINKING EASTERN THINKING
○ It is putting the truth and the message of
the truth as part of your lifestyle in Individualism Collectivism
action.
○ We cannot apply the Bible without Right / Wrong Honor / Shame
knowing what it means, but we can - This is the main
thing
know the Bible without applying it.
- Rules and
- Categories of Application: regulations will
- Motivation to Good Works be followed!
- Promises to be believed
- Commands & Entreaties to be Obeyed Time oriented Timeliness Oriented
- Examples to be Followed - Time is essence. - For us, time is
- Pitfalls to be avoided It is gold. not linear. It is
cyclical
- Prayers to be prayed
- What are the things that have Rules Relationship
been boldy asked? - In Prodigal Son, - In Prodigal Son,
- You’ve seen miracles and it can by rule, Father the Father ran to
also happen to you. should have not the Son and
- Wisdom to Guide our Steps welcomed the welcomed him.
- Motivation and Means of Worship son and judged
him instead.
- Words to be declared
- Declarations are powerful when
it is understood well by your
heart and proper interpretation.

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY is getting the big picture.

- Bird’s eye view will help you understand the big
picture.
- Worm’s eye view will give you the detail.

^ You need to get the big picture so you can understand

the details.

Every book of the Bible has A BIG IDEA.

The healthy way to study the Bible is to read the whole

book first.
What is God?
Healthy & proper bible interpretation - go to the bible, get
the background, answer who the authors & listeners are, WESTERN THINKING EASTERN THINKING
ask what is the intention.
-> You can get the message out of this. Expresses truth in Expresses truth in
propositional terms concrete terms, using
In translations, use what is very close to the original pictures (With pictures,
language. you are able to understand
it better)
EASTERN vs. WESTERN THINKING
(Interpretation)

3
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

PENTATEUCH Genesis, Exodus,

- The core books Leviticus, Numbers,
Psalms 18:2 “The Lord is of the Old Deuteronomy
my rock and my fortress Testament
and my deliverer; My
God, my strength, in HISTORICAL BOOKS Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1-2
whom I will trust; My - Records of the Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2
people of Israel Chronicles, Ezra,
shield and the horn of my
as they are Nehemiah, Esther
salvation, my stronghold.” staying in the
land, proper in
Psalms 23:1 “The Lord is the land, until
my shepherd, I shall not they were kicked
want.” out from the land
and restored,
Psalm 23:2 “He leads me coming from
beside quiet waters”. Captivity

POETIC BOOKS Job, Psalms, Proverbs,

Expresses truth in Expresses truth in Ecclesiastes, Song of
absolute categories generalities Solomon

1 Timothy 2:12 “But I do PROPHETIC BOOKS Isaiah, Jeremiah,

not allow a woman to Lamentations, Ezekiel,
teach or exercise authority Daniel, Hosea, Joel,
over a man, but to remain Amos, Obadiah, Jonah,
quiet.” Micah, Nahum,
- You cannot view Habakkuk, Zephaniah,
this as absolute. Haggai, Zechariah,
Malachi

OLD TESTAMENT!
HEBREW BIBLE (Tanakh)
Tanakh is: Torah - Nabi’im - Kehuvim
II. THE WORLD OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

CANONICITY TORAH Genesis, Exodus,

- Refers to the church’s recognition of the authority Leviticus, Numbers,
of the inspired writings. Deuteronomy

PROPHETS (Nabi’im) Joshua, Judges, Samuel,

JOSEPHUS Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah,
- “For we have not an innumerable of books Ezekiel, The Twelve
among us, disagreeing from and contradicting (Hosea, Joel, Amos,
one another [as the Greeks have], but only 22 Obadiah, Jonah, Micah,
Nahum, Habakkuk,
books, which contain the records of all the past Zeophaniah, Haggai,
times; which are justly believes to be divine.. Zechariah, Malachi)
(Contra Apion 1:8)
- 22 and not 29 because he is referring to WRITINGS (Kehuvim) Psalms, Proverbs, Job,
the Tanac. Song of Solomon, Ruth,
Lamentations,
Ecclesiastes, Esther,
ENGLISH OLD TESTAMENT Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah,
Chronicles

4
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
^ Difference between English and Hebrew Bibles.
STUDY!

LUKE 24: 44-45 (NKJV)

44 Then He said to them, “These are the words which I
spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things
must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses
and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.” 45 And
He opened their understanding, that they might
comprehend the Scriptures. -> TANAKH can be identified

● Israel in the middle (Shadowed portion, where

Land Bridge is)
● Israel was tiny, but influential to Egypt, Hatti, and
Mesopotamia because it was strategically placed
there.
- Lesson here: You don’t have to be big to
The best place to preserve manuscript is in a dry area. be influential. You just have to be
positioned strategicially.

● Fertile land: Where there are rivers.. Water

RIVERS AND PLACES IN THE BIBLE are

LITERALLY STILL PRESENT TODAY. They are still
the same.
- Ex: Yarmuk River, Jabbok River, Jericho,
Megiddo (King Solomon used this as the toll gate
● Where Agriculture was present of all entry points. All goods pass through
● Urban/City Development Megiddo, this is where they have to pay text.
Solomon prospered through this)

MAJOR ROADS:

5
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
● The King’s Highway A COVENANTAL HISTORY
● The Way of the Sea (the way of the Philistines)
Creation Adamic Noahic Abrahamic
CLIMATE OF CANAAN Covenant Covenant Covenant Covenant
● Mediterranean Climate
● Dependent upon winter rains God gives a Salvation Renewal of Promise of
○ Early Rains: October (During the land Promise the land a land
closing of Autumn)
■ Winter: Nov - Dec
○ Later Rains: April
Mosaic Davidic Removal New
Covenant Covenant from the Covenant
land
September 21, 2023
Blessings & King over King dies for
Ps. Edwin cursings in the land Return to His kingdom
the land the land

What is the Big Idea of the Old Testament?

What is the Big Idea of the New Testament?
I. CREATION COVENANT
THE OLD TESTAMENT STORY - God gives a land

I. PRE-HISTORY Hosea 6:7 (NKJV)

“But like Adam they have transgressed the covenant;
There they have dealt treacherously against Me.”
Genesis 1 - 11

Creation Fall Flood Tower of Babel II. ADAMIC COVENANT

- Salvation promise
- The seed of the redemptive plan of God
- Refers to the general origin.
III. NOAHIC COVENANT
OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY - Renewal of the land

IV. ABRAHAMIC COVENANT

2000-15 1500-1000 1000-500 - Promise of a land
00
V. MOSAIC COVENANT
Period Exodus Judges Kings of Israel Return - Blessings & cursing in the land
of & Sinai (Settling and Judah
in the (Time of King
Patriarc VI. DAVIDIC COVENANT
Promise Solomon)
hs Land) - King over the land
- Authority and government that will be fulfilled
Torah Historical Books - A promise of long-lasting freedom

Poetic Books VII. NEW COVENANT

- King Dies for His kingdom
Prophetic Books

6
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exodus Relates God’s deliverence

of Israel from Egypt and
establsihing His covenant

Leviticus Sets forth the Laws of

worship

Numbers Relates the wilderness

wanderings

- Record of their
experiences in
Numbers 14:21 “Indeed, as I live, all the earth will be the desert
filled with joy with the glory of the Lord.”
Deuteronomy Gives the Law to a new
Creation (Old Testament) generation with special
- A people emphasis to those entering
- A land the land
- A nation
- A king - Repitition of
Exodus
BUT NOW WHEN JESUS CAME…..
John 12:32 “I will draw all men to myself.”
I. GENESIS
Re-Creation (New Testament)
- All people The Book of Beginnings.
- The world
- All nations ● The Hebrew Title: BeReshyth; “In the
- The King Beginning”
● Greek Title: Genesis - “Beginnings”
● The old testament is looking forward to the cross.
○ A faith that is looking forward. “These are the generations..”
○ About to come! - Hebrew: Elleh toledoth
● The new testament is looking backward at the ● Ten sets of the division of the book of
finished work of Jesus Christ. Genesis
● History of account follows: “These are
OLD TESTAMENT the things that followed..”

THE TORAH / PENTATEUCH

Adam Abraham Adam
TORAH
● Hebrew: “Law, Instruction” Genesis 2:4 - Genesis 11:27 -
○ Law would refer to the 5 books of 11:26 50:26
Moses
5 Toledoth from 5 Toledoth from
PENTATEUCH Adam to Abraham to Israel
● Greek: “Five-Part Book” Abraham
● Penta means 5

5 BOOKS: Genesis 1: 1-2

In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

Genesis Traces the origins of And the earth was unformed and unfilled, and darkness
God’s people from was over the surface of the deep;
creation to Egypt

7
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What are the results from their actions of taking and
UNFORMED UNFILLED
eating the forbidden fruit?
- This will result in gradual DEATH.
Day 1: Light Day 4: Light-bearers
- WARNING.
(sun, moon, stars)
Genesis 3:15 (NKJV)
Day 2: Water & sky Day 5: Fish & birds to
“And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and
divided fill water & sky
between your seed and her seed; He shall bruise you on
the head, amd you shall bruise him on the heel.”
Day 3: Dry land & Day 6: Land animals &
vegetation man

Day 7: Sabbath Rest

You have to look at the verses by literary structure and not

grammar.

Why are there two separate accounts of creation?

● So we can see the big picture
- First part is a general description,
general introduction;
- Second part is a specific description of
how creation was created.

Genesis 1 Genesis 2

The heavens and the earth Creation of the man and

are created in six days woman (no time
element mentioned)

Man in his cosmic setting Man as central to God’s

purpose

Panorama of creation

Creation Complete: Heavens & earth created; God

finished His work (1-3)

Man created: Formed from dust (4-9)

Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)

Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the garden (15)

Word of God
Forbidden fruit (16-17) - An idea that God is involved.
- Tells you that God is involved in your life.
“THE SEED” - The God we serve is constantly communicating
- When the woman saw that the tree was good for with His people.
food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and
that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she
took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to
her husband with her, and he ate. (Genesis 3:6)

8
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

OLD TESTAMENT
EXODUS

Genesis Exodus

Begins with all of Begins with all the

humanity in veiw Israelites in view

Eventually focuses on one Eventually focuses on

man - Abraham and his one man - Moses & His
family family

Abraham has two siblings; Moses has two siblings:

Nahor & Haran Aaron & Miriam

Abraham called to leave Moses forced to leave September 26, 2023

and travel to a foreign and travel to a foreign
land land SIR. JAIE

OUTCOURT - FACING THE EAST

OLD TESTAMENT -> NEW TESTAMENT HOLY PLACE
EXODUS CROSS HOLY OF HOLIES

Visual Aids: OUTCOURT

- Mana - Represents Soma (Body)
- River flower - World consciousness
- You being concious of what’s going around you
= Pictures of Jesus coming into the NT
HOLY PLACE
“Theophany” - appearanes of the 2nd person of the trinity
- Pyche -Your self-consciousness

Exodus from Egypt: 10 Plagues

Giving of the Law: 10 Commandments HOLY OF HOLIES
Building the Tabernacle: 10 Items - Pneuma
- God consciousness

The Presience of the Lord: “I Am”

> Presence of SPIRIT, SOUL, BODY
● Even in the Old Testament, you can find that we
I AM are a 3-Part Being.
- Speaks of Authority
- Someone who is in power Matthew 22:37-40
- How God introduced Himself
Tabernacle
- Literally means “dwelling place”
There ar corals shaped as charriots found at the bottom of
the red sea. John 1:14 (NKJV)
14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and
GOD MEETS MOSES we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of
the Father, full of grace and truth.

Divinity (John)
Royalty (Matthew)

9
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Servility (Mark) 2ND COVERING - GOAT SKIN
Humanity (Luke) - Christ is the scape-goat who took our sins away

THE ENTRANCE of TABERNACLE: 3RD COVERING - RAM SKIN

- There is only one entrance to the tabernacle: - Red: Jesus who took our place and shed his blood
- Sheet of fine white linen
- There is only one way: JESUS. 4TH COVERING - SEA COW’S SKIN
- Your righteousness is based on the inside
150 ft long and 75 ft. wide
EMBROIDERIES
Symbolizes the righteousness of Christ enclosing it Holy Place
- 7 pairs of angels
The Outer Court Holy of Holies
- 3 pairs of angels
BRAZEN LAVER
- Basin of water located before the entrance of the We are the people of hidden beauty and stability.
holy place
- A place where the priest or Levites wash their THE TENT
hands and face before they enter the Holy Place - The tent was 45 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 15
● Eph. 5:26 feet high. Inside it, the holy place was 30 feet
long and 15 feet wide. The most holy place was
BRAZEN ALTAR 15-feet long.
- Used for slauthering and sacrificing animals - Boards made of cheap acacia wood overlaid with
where the blood is shed; gold.

ALTAR OF SACRIFICE EACH BOARD has two legs that sat in two silver bases
- The sacrifices had to be placed on the ground for stability when resting on the desert sands.
inside the altar, for God had said that His altar
was always to be one of earth (Ex: 20:24-25) SYMBOLIZES faith and obedience that should be found
- The altar was also not to have any steps going up in each individual believer for stability in the desert of the
to it, but only a sloping ramp. (No steps to world.
salvation)
- The altar was made of wood covered with bronze Only God can dwell when there is sturdiness.
(judgment)
TABLE OF SHOW BREAD (Exodus 25:23-30)
BRAZEN LAVER ● A picture of God’s sustenance
- The laver of water in the outer court symbolized ● 12 loaves represents the 12 tribes of Israel
the cleansing we receive by the word of God - as ● Represents Jesus as the Bread of Life and the
we hear and obey it (Eph. 5:26) Word of God as the bread which we are to

- God cleanses us by water first and then by the THE GOLDEN LAPSTAND (Exodus 37:1-4)
fire of the Holy Spirit as gold is cleansed both by ● Symbolizes light and that Jesus is the light of the
washing of the feet. word
● Priests were to ensure that this lamp keeps on
THE COVERING OF THE TENT burning
● One with seven br
1ST COVERING: FINE LINEN WITH INTRICATE ● Represent also influence to the world
EMBROIDERING
- Beauty of Christ’s righteousness inside of us

10
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ALTAR OF INCENSE (Exodus 30: 1-8) THE HIGH PRIEST
● Represents prayer & intercession;
● Symbolizes that Jesus is our intercessor. THE NEED FOR A HIGH PRIEST
- When God gave the law, He knew that man could
Do not be led by your emotions. Instead, lead it to God. not keep it.
Use your emotions to connect you to Christ.
Everytime we pray, you are moved. During this time, the Israelites are in the camp of Mt.
Sinai,
You have your mind, will, and emotion being sustained.
Prophet - represents God to man
HOLY OF HOLIES Priest - represents man to God
- Can only be accessed once a year during the Day
of Atonement or the Passover; The need for high priest started: Exodus 28:1-3
- No one can come in except for the High Priest;
- Separated with a thick curtain and three angels THE HIGH PRIEST
embroidered to it as it symbolizes it is protected ● The supreme religious leader of the israelites
by the cherubim in Gen. 3:24. ● God’s leaders over the priests
● The office of the high priest is hereditary
ARK OF THE COVENANT AND THE MERCY ● They conduct the religious rites and rituals for the
SEAT nation
- Together, this is a picture of Christ as a mediator
of the new covenant between God and the Man. First official High Priest in the Bible: AARON

WHAT’S INSIDE? All priests are levites, but not all levites are priests.

● Golden Jar of Manna QUALIFICATIONS FOR PRIESTLY SERVICE

- Spirit of Murmuring ● Must be a male (Exodus 28:1)
● Must be a descendant of Aaron (Exodus 28:1)
● Aaron’s Rod with a documented linage;
- Spirit of grumbling ● Must be between 30 and 50 years old. (Numbers
4:3)
● Stone Tablets
- Spirit of rebellion Must have a proper marriage. (Leviticus 21:9, 14)
● Not married to a harlot
● Not married to a divorced woman
THE PATTERN OF THE CROSS: ● Must have no uncleanliness )leprosy, etc).

DUTIES OF A PRIEST
● Teach the people (Leviticus 10:8-11)
● Serve as judges to resolve controversy (Deut.
21:5)
● Offer sacrifices (Leviticus 28)
● Assess impurity (Leviticus 13-15)
● Keep the tabernacle
● Take care of the altar
● Prepare the holy things for each days journey

HIGH PRIEST DOES THE FOLLOWING

- Direct the work of the priests & levites

11
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- Inquire of thd Lord (God what do you want for - “High priest carrying his people on his shoulders”
the people?)
- Maintain the golden candlestand
EPHOD WITH THE BREASTPLATE
THE GARMENTS - Has 12 different stones and gold settings fasten to
- Breast plate the breastplate, each of which
- Ephod
- Robe SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GARMENTS
- Skilfully woven tunic - Each piece of clothing points out to who Jesus is
- Sash
● UNDERGARMENT or TUNIC
ALL PRIESTS - Jesus, who worn that on the way to the
● Undergarment cross,tells us that He wore a seamless
● Tunic robe. (John 19: 23-41)
● Sash - He was perfectly knit together without a
● Turban seam.

HIGH PRIEST ● BLUE ROBE

● Blue Robe - Bell: Represents the presence of God
● Ephod because as the priest will walk around,
● Breastplate the bell would ring, reminding
● Golden crown everywhere around them that they were
in his presence
UNDERGARMENT - Tassel: Represents pomegranate. It is
- It covers the nakedness of the priest, covering through the atonement of the Messiah,
from the waist to the knees that we are all made children of God.

TUNIC ● TURBAN / GOLD CROWN

- Made up by white linen, seamless, covers most of - The turban was engraved with this
the body of the priest phrase “Holiness to the Lord”.
- A reminder that his thoughts should
SASH always be holy, with the result that his
- Embroidered sash made of gold, blue, purple actions will follow through.
scarlet, and white, for the high priest
- Used as a belt around the tunic/robe ● EPHOD WITH BREASTPLATE
- Most expensive part of the garment,
TURBAN/GOLD CROWN because of precious stones. Name
- Long strip of white linen wrapped around the engraved on the precious stone
head of the high priest
The sash, blue robe, ephod, amd the breastplate were all
BLUE ROBE made of linen.
- A sleeveless and seamless robe
- On the bottom of the blue robe, are alternating John 19:2-3 NKJV
golden bells and granatie shaped tassels 2 And the soldiers twisted a crown of thorns and put it on
His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. Then they
EPHOD said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck Him with
- Richly embroidered vest or apron with two onyx their hands.“
stones attached to the shoulders upon which are
engraved the names of Israel

12
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
tempted [knowing exactly how it feels to be human] in
THE BETTER SACRIFICE AND THE BETTER every respect as we are, yet without [committing any] sin.
HIGH PRIEST 16 Therefore let us [with privilege] approach the throne of
grace [that is, the throne of God’s gracious favor] with
First recorded sacrifice in the Bible: Genesis 3:21
“Also for Adam and his wife the LORD God made tunics of confidence and without fear, so that we may receive
skin, and clothed them.” mercy [for our failures] and find [His amazing] grace to
help in time of need [an appropriate blessing, coming just
BLOOD SACRIFICE? Why is there a need for blood at the right moment].
sacrifice?
- In ancient religion, the role of sacrifice was Hebrews 6:19-12 (ESV)
distorted;
- Always viewed as a bribe. “19 We have this as a sure and steadfast anchor of
the soul, a hope that enters into the inner place
BLOOD SACRIFICE was needed so grace can be behind the curtain, 20 where Jesus has gone as a
released.
forerunner on our behalf, having become a high
Leviticus 17:11 (NKJV) priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.”
“11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have
given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your Sept 27, 2023 (Ms. Kats)
souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the
soul.’ “Old Testament is New Testament Conceived.
“New Testament is Old Testament Revealed.”
There is LIFE in blood.
Old Testament Survey:
Atonement means covering. SURVEY OF LEVITICUS
“Dwell with a Holy God”
Leviticus 4:24 (NKJV) - Leviticus: The 3rd book of the Torah
“24 And he shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and - Leviticus is in the middle
kill it at the place where they kill the burnt offering before - Time Span: 1 MONTH
the Lord. It is a sin offering.” - Location: Mt. Sinai

His sacrifice pleased God, willingly submitting to Him. He “Generes of the Bible”
did not appease God, he pleased God. 1. Historical Narrative
2. Letters
JESUS IS THE PERFECT SACRIFICE. 3. Wisdom Literature
● The day of atonement: Yearly reminder that all of 4. The Prophet Books
Israel’s daily weekly and monthly sacrifices is not
5. The Legal Code
sufficient to permanently atone for your sin.
The Book of Leviticus discusses THE LAW.
Purpose of Sacrifice:
We can find here direct quotations or directions from
- Repair God.
HEBREWS 4: 14-16 (AMP) In connection to Exodus..
14 Inasmuch then as we [believers] have a great High
Priest who has [already ascended and] passed through the
heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our Exodus Leviticus
confession [of faith and cling tenaciously to our absolute
God’s approach to man Man’s approach to God
trust in Him as Savior]. 15 For we do not have a High
Priest who is unable to sympathize and understand our God’s deliverance of his People’s dedication to
weaknesses and temptations, but One who has been

13
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

people God
Grace was given before. Grace was given during.
Grace (In God setting Gratitude for being set Grace was given after.
people free) free (how people are to
offer sacrifices to God)
We find in Leviticus what things are important to
God.
We are not only saved FROM,
We are saved INTO something. A verse that sums up Leviticus:

Words that describe LEVITICUS: Leviticus 11:44 (NKJV)

- Holiness of God 44 For I am the LORD your God. You shall
- “Worship” therefore consecrate yourselves, and you shall be
- Sacrifice holy; for I am holy. Neither shall you defile
yourselves with any creeping thing that creeps
LEVITICUS.. “To the Levites”
- Levites are set apart to be priests on the earth.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND MORAL CODE

● The Levites - Descendants of the Tribe of “That you may distinguish between holy and
Levi unholy, and between unclean and clean.” -
Leviticus 10:10
“Now He Called”
CIVIL LAW
3 Kinds of Levites “
● Gershonites
How can the world know that you are of Christ if
○ Responsible for carrying tabernacle
materials you live like them?
● Kohathites
○ Responsible for carrying furniture
● Merarites
○ Repsonsible for carrying

How did God dwell among them?

- God provided a high priest to intercede on
their behalf and lead them in worship
- God gave them laws to deal with impurity
- God provided a yearly ceremony to remove
every last ounce of sin
- God provided a series of laws in other areas
to teach them how to live like a Holy Nation

Do you think the law is setting aside the grace of

God? No, THE LAW IS THE GRACE OF GOD.
Holiness to uncomonnes has something to do with
The Law = it is God’s grace. the inner state of your heart.

The law is good because it’s from God. It is only God who can make you holy.
The law was meant to teach the people how to Because of Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross, we are
worship a Holy God. proclaimed holy.

14
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
for this!
There is participation on our hand for us to come to
Him. ● Guilt Offering
○ This offering is meant to repare the
CHAPTERS 1-16 economic damage that particular
- Man’s need & God’s provisions for the need moral violations/personal
transgressions often cause.
CHAPTERS 17-27
- What God expects from Man in response
DAY OF ATONEMENT
3 MAIN CONCEPTS
1. Rituals/sacrifices FEASTS
2. Priesthood - There are 7 festivals all in all
3. Purity laws
a. For holy living Spring Festivals
b. Includes marriage & family life, - All point to Christ’s first coming
food laws
NUMBERS
I. OFFERINGS & SACRIFICES - 4th Book of The Pentateuch
- THEY ARE TAUGHT TO BE OBEDIENT
Voluntary Offerings PEOPLE.
- Happening during the 40 years in the wilderness,
● Burnt Offering in the final years of Moses’ life
○ Only offering to be totally consumed - A story about obedience, faith, and trust in the
Lord.
on the altar with nothing eaten by
- It also teaches that there are consequences for not
men obeying, and rewards for obeying
○ Most common offering in the Bible - There is a disappointment for not trusting in God
○ We are to live our lives in entire -
surrender: we are called ot be Burnt
Offerings “walang tira” - everything BEMIDBAR - “In the wilderness”
must belong to Him NUMBERS - “Arithmoi”
● Grain Offering
○ Only offering made without the We call it 40 years in the wilderness, but they were stuck
shedding of blood and without an in the wilderness for 38 years and 9 months and 10 days.
animal sacrifice
NUMBERS is like a travel blog, but we must look at it
○ Indicates that we are to be a living through the lens of grace.
sacrifice
● Peace Offering 4 things
○ Only offering in which the offeror 1. God desires for His people to enter into rest
could partake of the meat of the 2. God makes sure that His redemptive plan is
sacrifice brought to completion
○ Indicates fellowship or communion 3. God’s full of mercy,
4. God keeps His promises
Mandatory Offerings
NUMBERS is all about walking, waiting,
● Sin Offering
○ Deals with the necessity
○ Cleanness and uncleanness Leviticus Numbers
○ For the unintentional sins that you
do because you are careless or The Believer’s worship The believer’s journey
ignorant, well God has a provision

15
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- The book of Deuteronomy records Moses’ words
to the Israelites as they waited on the plains of
Moab to enter Canaan.

MAIN THEME OF NUMBERS: DEUTERNOMY

The COVENANT of God to the nation of Israel & the Came from the words:
people’s responsibility to uphold their end of the covenant.
● Deuteros (GK.)
THE LORD wanted Israelites to realize that He did not - Means second
want them to get destroyed.
● Nomos (GK.)
NUMBERS 6: 24-27 (NKJV) - Means law
“The Lord bless you and keep you;
Literally means “Second Law”
The Lord make His face shine upon you,
And be gracious to you; - This is REVIEW of the first four books.
The Lord ]lift up His countenance upon you, - It is a book of Transitions.
And give you peace.” ’ “So they shall put My - Transition to a new generation
- Transition to a new leadership (Moses ->
name on the children of Israel, and I will bless Joshua)
them.” - Transition to a new lifestyle
- Transition to a new revelation of His
DEUTERONOMY (Sir Jaie) love

LOVE OF GOD IN DEUTERONOMY

Jesus does what the law could never do.
Instead, He guides us by guiding His law on our Deut. 4:3
hearts. And because He loved your fathers, therefore He chose
their [a]descendants after them; and He brought you out of
Egypt with His Presence, with His mighty power,
We who have done nothing but death, can now
have life because JESUS has already fulfilled Deut. 7: 7-8
the law. 7 The Lord did not set His love on you nor choose you
because you were more in number than any other people,
SURVEY OF DEUTERONOMY for you were the least of all peoples; 8 but because the
Lord loves you, and because He would keep the oath
“Repetition is the first principle of learning.” which He swore to your fathers, the Lord has brought you
out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you from the house
“Repetition is a key learning aid because it helps transition
a skill of the conscious to the subconscious.” of [a]bondage, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

AUTHOR/S Deut. 23:5

5 Nevertheless the Lord your God would not listen to
MOSES Balaam, but the Lord your God turned the curse into a
JOSHUA blessing for you, because the Lord your God loves you.
“A new generation of Israelites about to enter the - First time they heard that God loves them after 38
Promised Land.” years in the wilderness.

“PEP TALK OF MOSES”. GENRE:

- Sermon/speech
Moses was the OG travel vlogger. - Songs
- Obituary
DEUTERONOMY - Prophecies

16
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 “And these words which I command you today shall be
THEME of the Book of Deauteronomy: in your heart. 7 You shall teach them diligently to your
- To remind them of God’s law and God’s power children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your
- Convincing Israel and this generation to trust and house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and
obey when you rise up.
- To remind them of God’s faithfulness in their
lives TO REMIND OF THEIR IDENTITY AS A NATION
- To remind them of the importance of God’s word
- Reminded them of their identity as a nation Deut. 4: 37-38

It was very important for God to tell them that He loves Deut. 7:6-8
His people. They only hear this love from their forefathers,
but to personally hear it was something that empowered 1 Peter 2:9-10
them to conquer the land.
- 9 But you are a chosen generation, a royal
priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people,
KEY VERSE: that you may proclaim the praises of Him who
Deuteronomy 4:2 (ESV) called you out of darkness into His marvelous
2 You shall not add to the word that I command you, nor light; 10 who once were not a people but are now
take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the the people of God, who had not obtained mercy
Lord your God that I command you. but now have obtained mercy.

Chapters 12-26: Recitation of the Laws and encourages to Before He asked them to conquer, He made them know
their identity.
keep it

STRUCTURE AND OUTLINE OF

Chapters 12-16: Shows what the total love of God would
look like and mean
DEUTERONOMY

SUZERAINTY TREATIES
TO REMIND THEM OF GOD’S FAITHFULNESS IN
THEIR LIVES
Key verse: Deut. 9:4-6
4 “Do not think in your heart, after the LORD your God has
cast them out before you, saying, ‘Because of my
righteousness the LORD has brought me in to possess this
land’; but it is because of the wickedness of these nations
that the LORD is driving them out from before you. 5 It is
not because of your righteousness or the uprightness of
your heart that you go in to possess their land, but because
of the wickedness of these nations that the LORD your God
drives them out from before you, and that He may
[a]fulfill the word which the LORD swore to your fathers,
to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 6 Therefore understand that
the LORD your God is not giving you this good land to
possess because of your righteousness, for you are a
stiff-necked[b] people.

REMINDED THEM OF THE IMPORTANCE OF GOD’S

WORD

4 “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one! 5

You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with
all your soul, and with all your strength.

17
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Love will always be the motivation of why we do
what we do

SESSION 3 FOR THE DAY (Sir Jaie)

ABOUT THE HISTORICAL BOOKS

- These are 12 books from Joshua through Esther
that deals with the history of the nation of Israel
from the time they entered the Promised Land
until they lost the land because of unbelief and
disobedience. This covers 800 years of their
nation’s history.

You can divide the books to 2 Categories

1. Pre-exile History
2. Post-exile History

JOSHUA
- Was the son of the Nun of the tribe of Ephraim
(Num. 13:8)
- He was a man of faith
- He was a man of SPirit
Deut. 31:26 - Was one of the 12 Spies that went into the land
26 “Take this Book of the Law, and put it beside the ark of - He was God’s choice to replace Moses
the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there as
a witness against you; Book of Joshua
- Picks up from the story of the exodus of the
Where do we find Christ in Deuteronomy? children of Israel and shifted from being
- The “laws” were surrounded and sandwiched by wanderers to settlers of the land
His grace
- The need for a king and criteria for a King was CANONIZED BIBLE - Historical Book
established TANAKH - Prophetic Book
- Moses prophesies of the another prophet
- Moses The book of Joshua qualifies as historiography (history
- Prophet - Deut. 34: writing), but it is rather an, an instructional/informational
- Ruler of Israel history written from a prophetic (that is, theological) point
- Priest of view.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION WE CAN GET FROM The book of Joshua is full of stories that challenge
THIS BOOK: scientific concepts.
1. God’s word is important and vital in our lives
2. We are still responsible to submit ourselves unto It’s also one of the most challenging because it includes
His will and His word, even if we are no longer destruction of life.
under the Old Testament Law
3. Know His word by heart, apply it, and draw from “It would not have been murder if it was not instructed by
it. God.”
4. Obedience has its rewards
5. Delayed obedience is still disobedience

18
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Righteousness and justice will always be the foundation of JUDGES
God’s throne as He reigns.
ROLE OF THE JUDGES:
AUTHOR: ● Administrate the affairs of the nation
- Yehoshua in Hebrew ● Judge in resolving disputes
- The book of Joshua is claimed to be written by ● Serve as a military leader in dealing with enemies
eye witnesses of the nation
● Their spiritual qualifications were to be similar
INTENDED AUDIENCE that of elders (Exodus 18: 20-26)
- Children of Israel
AUTHOR
MAIN THEME OF THE STORY ● There was no account in the Scripture on who
● Conquest (Conquer and take the land) wrote the book of Judges.
● Covenant (God establishes a covenant with them) ○ Scholars may probably say it is Samuel.
● Rest (It has been done)
SETTING
KEY VERSES: ● The Children of Israel is now living on the
- Joshua 1: 6-9 Promised Land.

6 Be strong and of good courage, for to this people you

Judges 2:7-10 Death of Joshua
shall [a]divide as an inheritance the land which I swore to
their fathers to give them. 7 Only be strong and very 7 So the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and
courageous, that you may observe to do according to all all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had
the law which Moses My servant commanded you; do not seen all the great works of the Lord which He had done for
turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may Israel. 8 Now Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the
[b]prosper wherever you go. 8 This Book of the Law shall Lord, died when he was one hundred and ten years old. 9
not depart from your mouth, but you[c] shall meditate in it And they buried him within the border of his inheritance at
day and night, that you may observe to do according to all Timnath Heres, in the mountains of Ephraim, on the north
that is written in it. For then you will make your way side of Mount Gaash. 10 When all that generation had
prosperous, and then you will have good success. 9 Have I been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose
not commanded you? Be strong and of good courage; do after them who did not know the Lord nor the work which
not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is He had done for Israel.
with you wherever you go.”

- Joshua 24: 14-15 AUDIENCE

New generation of the children of Israel
‘ABAR - Cross the Jordan into the land (Chp. 1-5)
LAQAKH - Take the Land (Chp 6-12) MAIN THEME
KHALAQ - Divide the land (Chp 13-21) ● Failure through Compromise
‘ABAD - Serve the Lord in the land (Chp 22-24)
Key verse: Judges 17:6
FINDING JESUS 6 In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone
- Joshua is a story about the kind of savior Christ did what was right in his own eyes.
is, the kind of people Christ saves, and the kind
of salvation Christ brings. Joshua takes Israel into OUTLINE OF THE BOOK
the land with the ark. Jesus takes us into God’s Chp 1-2 - Failed conquests and the failure to drive out
presence through a cross. Canaanites

19
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3-16: Account on Israel’s judgment and 16 But Ruth said:
Corruption
“Entreat me not to leave you,
- They fell into a deep trap of a cycle of sinning
Or to turn back from following after you;
-
For wherever you go, I will go;
And wherever you lodge, I will lodge;
Chapter 17-21 - People of Israel have been corrupted
Your people shall be my people,
And your God, my God.
OVERVIEW
MAIN THEME
THE JUDGES
● Law of the Kinsman Redeemer
- Adnimistrate the affairs of the nation
- There must be a family line to claim the
- Judge in resolving disputes
property that belonged to the family. The
- Serve as a military leader in dealing with the
one who is eligible to do this is called
enemies of the nation
the Kinsman Redeemer.
- Their spiritual qualifications were to be similar to
the of elders
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE KINSMAN
REDEEMER
Where can we find Jesus in the book of Judges?
- The person should have the right to redeem (must
- THE JUDGE.
be blood related)
- The power to redeem (has financial capacity)
RUTH
- The will to redeem (free will)
- It is one of the two books in the Old Testament
bearing the name of a woman
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A KINSMAN REDEEMER
- It is a book about how a Gentile woman of faith
- If the relative is forced into slavery, his redeemer
became part of the godly seed line to Christ
purchased his freedom
- It demonstrates God’s special care for those who
- If the relative is drowning in debt, the kinsman
cannot fully care for themselves - the widows,
stepped in to redeem the homestead and let the
fatherless, poor, etc.
family live
- if a family member died without the heir, the
SETTING
kinsman would marry the widow
- Events were set during the itme of JUDGES
- When death come at the hands
- It was written in Naomi’s point of view. She has
lost everything, even more than what Job didl.
OUTLINE OF THE BOOK
She became part of the lowest ranks of society -
Chapter 1 - Mutual Grief (Naomi & Ruth)
poor and widowed.
Chapter 2 & 3 - Mutual Pursuit (Naomi, Ruth, and Boaz)
Ruth, her daughter-in-law, showed her loyal love.
Chapter 4 - Mutual Love (Ruth & Boaz)

AUDIENCE
FINDING JESUS
- Israelites at the time of writing
● It is pre-figured in this book that Jesus is our
Kinsman-Redeemer.
MAIN THEME: REDEMPTION

KEY VERSE:
1ST & 2ND SAMUEL
Ruth 1:16 (NKJV)
- These books were originally in one book
in the earliest Hebrew texts

20
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________

- It covers the period of judges to the THEME/PURPOSE (1 SAMUEL)

period of kings
- It talks about the life of Samuel as the ● Describes the birth and life of Samuel
last judge and the first of the prophets ● Records the shift from having a
- It begins with the birth of Samuel and the theocratic rule to monarchic rule
failure and judgment of David ● One of the major purpose of this book is
to record the divine origin of the Davidic
Nathan and Gad the Prophets wrote also a part dynasty
of this book (1 Chron. 29:29) ● It also shows of how Jerusalem was
chosen as the place where David’s
SETTING successor would establish the temple for
the worship of Yahweh.
● National decline (1 Sam. 3:1) ● God’s Kingship
● Weak Leadership (1 Sam. 1:12-14; ● God’s providential guidance
2:22-3:1-3; 4:18) ● God’s sovereign will & power
● Despised Tabernacle worship
● Ark was lost ISRAEL’S CRY FOR A KING
● God heard the cry of His people
○ The cry: “We need a king” - Because Samuel failed at home (1
Samuel 8:1-6)
KEY PEOPLE - God rejected as King (1 Samuel 8: 7,
19-20) despite the warning of what kings
● 1 Samuel - Samuel the prophet, Saul the will cost (1 Sam. 8:9-18)
disobedient king, and David the shepherd
● 2 Samuel - Dabid, Bathsheba, Nathan, GOD’S ORIGINAL INTENTION FOR
Absolom, Joab, Amnon, and Ahithophel GOVERNANCE OVER HIS PEOPLE

● Theocracy
● Monarchy
● Theocratic Monarchy

THE LAWS OF THE KINGS (DEUT. 17:

14-20)

● The kings were not to multiply horses

David on the other hand was a man after GOd’s ● The kings were not to multiply wives
heart (1 Sam. 13:14; Acts 13: 22, 36). David was ● The kings were not to multiply silver and
a man after God’s heart, not because he never gold
sinned, but because when he did sin or fall, he ● The kings were to write for themselves a
was humble before the Lord and quick to personal copy of the law
represent when confronted with his sin.
THEME/PURPOSE: 2 SAMUEL
The book of Psalms is a reflection of the heart of
David whihc serves as an inspiration to all who ● Narrative of beginning of Israel’s
would cultivate such a heart. We will look at Kingdom
David more when we study the book of
Chronicles.

21
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________

● Began rule by asking wisdom

● Built a temple that becomes a showcase
● A source of God’s wisdom
● Dedicated the temple as a testimony to
the name of the Lord
● Ruled over a kingdom of peace and
prosperity

ISRAEL IN CAPTIVITY

LIFE LESSONS ● As the book ends, both houses of Israel

were in captivity
● Just like Samuel’s life, obedience and ● 10 tribes - captives in Assyria
dedication will bring God’s authority ● Tribe of Judah - captive in Babylon
● Disobedience brings a loss of authority
and anointing NAME OF THE BOOK
● Man looks on the outwards appearance,
● Melechim - called the “Kings”
but God looks at our heart.
● Be HOT. Humble. Open. Teachable. AUTHOR
● In David’s life, we can see that God
forgives sin but the consequences or fruit - Unkown but Jews give credit to
of sin remains. Jeremiah.
● When you make a mistake as a leader,
the people you serve also suffers from SETTING
the consequences.
- David died
1ST & 2ND KINGS - Israel was in its peak of glory as a
kingdom
- These books talk about the glorification - Temple was restored
and division of the nation of Israel.
- Originally one book in the earliest KEY PEOPLE
Hebrew Text.
- “From Glory to Capitivity” ● 1 Kings - Solomon, Jeroboam,
Rehoboam, Elija
DAVID AS KING
THEME/PURPOSE (1 KINGS)
● Extended the borders of the kingdom
● Rooted out many long standing enemies ● It shows how the kingdom started in
● Established Jerusalem as the center of unity, and because of disobedience, ends
national life and restored life up divided into two: Judah & Israel
● Established a new order of worship ● A king’s success is not dependent on
● Given the Davidic covenant how good he is, but how dependent they
● Received God’s plan for the temple are to the goodness of the law.
● Raised financing for building the temple
● Passed on the torch to his son, Solomon THEME/PURPOSE (2 KINGS)

SOLOMON AS A KING CAUSE OF DIVISION OF THE KINGDOM

22
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

- Disobedience of Solomon - The book of Chronicles is a PRIESTLY

REVIEW of the history of the nation of
SOLOMON’S DISOBEDIENCE Istrael, particularly the KINGDOM of
● He multiplied silven and gold JUDAH.
● He multiplied horses - People also referred to the Chronicles as
● He multiplied wives a book in search of an ending.

MEASUREING ROD OF FUTURE KING (2 Chronicles - Looking back to look forward

KINGS)
● David - represents the positive side or A. DATE OF WRITING
kings who sought the Lord ● Approx. 400 BC
● Jeroboam - represents the negative side ● Chronicles is written towards the END of
or kings who DID NOT seek the Lord the Babylonian Captivity
● Chronicles begins much earlier (covering
CHRIST IN THE BOOKS earlier events than Kings and Samuel)
● Solomon - Portrays Christ in His future and finishes much later. This is key to the
reign on earth difference of this book with Kings.
● Elisha
B. AUTHORSHIP & AUDIENCE
LIFE LESSONS ● EZRA was the most widely speculated
- We flourish when we abide in him author of the book (due to consistencies
- It is our responsibility to pass on the faith in the tone of writing with the book of
and make His name known to the next Ezra & Nehemiah).
generation. ○ Ezra: Founder of the synagogues
_______________________________________ ■ Responsible of putting
together the TANAHK
September 28, 2023 (Ms. Kats) ■ He was a scribe

CHRONICLES, EZRA, NEHEMIAH, Remembering God’s promises for your life will
ground you for the hope for the future.
ESTHER
This book was written for:
I. THE CHRONICLES 1. Those who came back from exile
- Named as “DIBRE HAYYAMIM” or 2. Those who have been born in a foreign
“THE BOOK OF THE DAYS” was the land
original name for the book of Chronicles; 3. Those who have not experienced temple
- The “Book of Chronicles” was coined worship
centuries after. It was named 4. Those who have NOT tasted the rule of
“Paraleopomena” or “The Things their own people’s king.
Omitted” which implied that it was a
supplement to the books of Samuel and
- They were re-learning how to become a
Kings.
people of God; a nation.
- In the original Hebrew, the book of
Chronicles was the LAST book of the
Hebrew Bible. C. IN A NUTSHELL

23
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

The similarities of the book of Samuel/Kings the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he
and Chronicles: made a proclamation throughout all his
kingdom, and also put it in writing, saying,
● Much of the narrative of both sets of
books cover the basic periods between
King Saul and the exile. 23 Thus says Cyrus king of Persia:
● They both provide the history of the All the kingdoms of the earth the Lord God of
kings of Judah, describing their reigns heaven has given me. And He has commanded
and encouraging the people to remain me to build Him a house at Jerusalem which is
faithful to God. in Judah. Who is among you of all His people?
● They highlighted David as a special ruler
May the Lord his God be with him, and let him
Ezra put emphasis on the genealogy in order to go up!
bring people back to their roots; to take account
of the whole generation that God is bringing
into; to point to the line of people that will lead
to the MESSIAH. D. PURPOSE OF WRITING
- To show that the true glory of the
Hebrew Nation was found in its covenant
relationship to God, as safeguarded by
the prescribed forms of worship in the
temple and administered by the divinely
ordained priesthood under protection of
the divinely authorized dynasty of David.

These books are a “clear warning to the people

never again to forsake the template and the
worship of the living God.”

Other distinct accounts in the book of However, warnings from God are not to be
Chronicles; feared. They are taken to heart out of His love
for us. God’s warnings = God’s mercies.
● Zerubbabel is mentioned in Chronicles
● Details of David bringing in the ark of E. THEME
the covenant and the details of the plans F. STRUCTURE/OUTLINE
of the temple was laid in the Chronicles G. JESUS IN CHRONICLES
so intricately
ROOTS
● Preservation of the line of King David
(the account of the 7-year old King ● People needed to know who they were,
Joash) their identity as a people
● The returning exile had to know their
2 Chronicles 36:22-23 (NKJV) (The origin
Proclamation of Cyrus) ● THey had to know that God has
preserved them
22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia,
that the word of the Lord by the mouth of ROYALTY
Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up

24
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________

● The returning exile had to know that they

were a royal people
● They were still the chosen people of God A. DATE OF WRITING

RELIGION 450-400 BC,

● The retunring exile needed to know that ● Book of Ezrea coveres 70 years worth of
they were God’s people stories and the return of the remnant.
● They had to know how to worship God ● Nehemiah covers about 16 years worth
again of history

II. EZRA-NEHEMIAH B. AUTHORISHIP & AUDIENCE

● Ascribed to Ezra & Nehemiah
2 EXILES THEY EXPERIENCED: ● Was written to the community of the
Jews in and around Jerusalem during the
1) 1st exile - 721 BC 10 tribes of Israel restoration attempt
were taken into Syria (North to Syria)
2) 2nd exile - 2 tribes in the south and it
was Babylon who took them away. 607 -
586 BC (South to Babylon) C. PURPOSE & THEME
● Written for a people who were trying to
3 PLUNDERINGS: regain their identity
● While Ezra wrote mainly to encourage
1) Took away the royal court and the rulers and direct those who had returned to
2) Took away the craftsmen (business participate in the restoration, it is likely
people) that he also intended his work to
a) Ezekiel was part encourage those still living in Babylon to
3) Babylon then destroyed everything else join the restoration efforts.
to the ground, including the temple.
EZRA: Return of the remnant, rebuilding the
3 RETURNS: temple, SPIRITUAL REFORMATION (Revival
- Covenant Worship)
1) Zerrubabel the prince. He brought the
royal line back. He led 50,000 people Name Ezra: “The Lord Helps”
back to the promised land. His concern
was to rebuild the social life of the NEHEMIAH: Rebuilding of the walls, social
people. reformation
2) Ezra - He brought back the levites 1,800,
to rebuild the religious life Name Nehemiah: “Comfort” in Hebrew
3) Nehemiah - His concern was to rebuild
the physical life D. FINDING JESUS

THE REBUILDING OF THE WALL

REBUILD, RESTORE, REPENT, REMEMBER 1) The Sheep Gate

a) Excatly where Jesus was led out

25
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________

towards the cross C. Mordecai elevated to power

2) The Fish Gate B. Esther and Mordecai saves the Jewish People
3) The Old Gate A. The 2 feasts
4) The Valley Gate
5) The Dung Gate Esther saying “Even if I perish”.
6) The Fountain Gate - Esther had so much confidence and trust
7) The Water Gate that God was with her, that she was
8) The Horse Gate chosen. She is there for a purpose for
9) THe East Gate such a time as that.
10) The Muster Gate

JESUS IN ESTHER
III. ESTHER - Esther was willing to die for her whole
nation, just like how Christ was willing
- Only book in the Bible where God was
to die for us.
not mentioned.
God’s providence in Esther was present.
● Written during exile outside the promised - Providence: “The protective care of God
land. It was written during perilous or of nature as a spiritual power.”
times.
THE ART OF BIBLICAL POETRY.
● Esther’s Hebrew name was
HADASSAH. She was from the tribe of JOB
Benjamin. Esther was a pagan name that 4 friends:
could be derived from:
○ Ishtar - goddess of love 1. Eiphiaz
○ Satar - Hebrew for “hidden” - Speaks from experience
○ Stara - “Star”
2. Bildad
A. The 2 Banquets - Represents tradition
B. Esther becomes queen, Mordecai (her uncle) 3. Zophar
saves the King - He represents RELIGION
C. Haman elevated to power - His arguments can be found in : Job
D. Haman decreed to destroy the Jewish people 11:1-6
E. Esther and Mordecai planned to reverse the - Argues legality & religious truths
decree
F. Esther’s 1st banquet plan of execution of 4. Elihu
Mordecai - He believed Job was suggesting God was
x unjust and imperfect.
F. Esther’s 2nd banquet, execution to - So he called Job out. This is
Haman wrong!
- He proclaimed God’s glory
E. Esther and Mordecai plan to reverse the
- Suffering is not always punishment for
decree
sin. It happens because it is a fallen
D. Mordecai’s counter-decree to save the Jewish
world we live in
people

26
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro 💛
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Job there are things that remain a mystery to us, ● Cousin of King Uzziah.
but God says “I have a purpose for everything.” ● Married with kids; his wife was a
prophetess.
PSALMS ● He died not knowing how influencial his
ministry was.

Sept 29, 2023 (Ms. Kats) Theme: SALVATION & REDEMPTION

● 66 books
SURVEY OF THE PROPHETS ● Ch. 1-39: Man’s great need of salvation
“Thus Sayeth the Lord” ● Ch. 40-66: God’s provision of Salvation
in the Messiah & His Kingdom
● JEROBOAM
- While Solomon was still king, he was FIND JESUS IN ISAIAH:
given a prophecy by a prophet. ● Isaiah’ portrays the sovereignty of the
- Became king of 10 tribes of the North Messiah.

● REHOBOAM
- King of 2 tribes in the South JEREMIAH
● Lived through the period of judgment.
NABHI “Speaking” “Actively saying the ● Written during Babylonian Captivity
message of God” ● Began his ministry at the beginnings of
the reign of King Josiah, and prophesied
RO’EH “Seeing” for more than 40 years.
● Known to be the “weeping prophet”
FORTHTELLING
- Insight into the will of God ● Son of Hilkiah, a priest
- For the now ● Youngest prophet. Called by God when
he was still 21 years old
FORETELLING ● Jeremiah’s name means “The Lord
- Foresight into the plan of God Establishes” and also “To Throw” as in a
- For the future sense of hurling - for the purpose of
laying a foundation
Gift and ministry of the prophet is still needed. ● Jeremiah had a difficult life. His
messages of repentance delivered at the
PROPHETIC BOOKS temple were not well received.

I. TANAKH THEME: REPENTANCE & DIVINE

JUDGMENT
TORAH (5)
NEVI’IM (8) ● Jeremiah “looked forward” to the hope
KETUVIM (11) after the defeat and desolation of Israel
Lamentations “looked back”
ISAIAH
● His name in Hebrew is “Yesa Hahu”w
hich means “Yahweh is Salvation” LAMENTATIONS
● Grandson of King Joash, son of Amoz.
● Full of mourning & grief

27
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________
● No matter how o THEME: The true God is the supreme ruler over
heaven and earth.
JESUS IN LAMENTATIONS
- No matter how hopeless things can be,
Daniel made the 70-week prophecy
God still promises salvation & redemption. (490 years)

THE MINOR PROPHETS

EZEKIEL
● His minsttry started 7 years before the 1. JOEL
final destruction of Jerusalem in 586
B.C. and covered the events between 2. AMOS
590BC. - God hates evil
● The name Ezekiel means “God
strengthens” or “May God strengthen”. 3. OBADIAH
● He was 17 when Daniel was taken to - Shortest book of the Old Testament
Babylon in 605 BC. Ezekiel was 25 years - Theme: Pride goes before a fall
old when he was taken to Babylon. He
was 30 years old when he was called to 4. JONAH
the ministry (before Jerusalem & the - Mision was to tell the people of Nineveh
Temple fell). to repent of their wrong doings
● He was more of a SEE-ER rather than a
speaker. 5. MICAH
- Lamented without wearing clothes in
THEME: “JEHOVAH IS GOD” order to illustrate the severity of the
destitution and captivity that was coming
DANIEL in Judah
- Written during the time of exile which
puts this book in the same setting and 6. NAHUM
timeline as Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. - Predicted the destruction of Nineveh
- 605BC - 533BC - What Jonah wanted to see was predicted
- Was one of the center of idol worship - by Nahum.
considered the one of the most wicked
cities in the ancient world. 7. HABAKKUK
- Daniel lived to see transitions of Jewish - Identifies himself as a psalmist and
people. He’s witnessed the fall of the city musician.
of Jerusalem, and the rise of Babylon and - Theme: Wrestling with God over his
Egypt. He lived through his old age and a unfathomable ways.
part of the return of the remnant of
Jerusalem. 8. ZEPHANIAH
- Was an Israelite, about 18 years of age - Prophecies contain a stern series of
when Nebuchadnezzar invaded Judah judgments directed towards Israel, Judah,
about the year 606BC. He was captured and some neighboring nations for
and then deported to the fabulous city of permitting idolatry.
Babylon, the most magnificent city in the
world. 9. HAGGAI
- Put God first and stop looking at our

28
 💛
Old Testament Survey Notes by Anna Camille Gomez Teodoro
_____________________________________________________________________________________

differences

10. ZECHARIAH
- Received vivid prophecies in the form of
symbolic visions
- “If we build this temple, this will be
pivotal in the plans of God for the future”

11. MALACHI
- Reformer who directed his message
towards corrupt priests and those who
withheld their offerings from the Lord.
- He rebuked them from backsliding, poor
attitudes, and corruption.

29