Dangerous Goods
DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI
1
Dangerous Cargo in Packages
IMO issued many conventions for safety and marine environment such as SOLAS1974 , and also MARBOL78/73 , also issued rules
for the ships loaded by Dangerous cargo to ensure the ship safety , persons and cargo, all these information included in a manual
called the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.
1. This manual includes the basic rules and practical precautions to maintain goods.
2. Most of the requirements in the IMDG Code apply on a mandatory basis but there are a few provisions which are recommendatory.
3. The provisions require that dangerous goods are correctly and safely:
Classified and identified, Packed, Marked, placard and labelled, Documented, Stowed on board the vessel, Segregated from other
goods with which they may react dangerously, Appropriate emergency response information must be made available.
4. The Dangerous cargo are classified into 9 classes and divisions, each group in specific number , similar group in particulars, type,
risks and packing.
5. This manual divided into Seven parts, the first one contains general introduction and the other parts contains a list of all
dangerous cargo transported by sea, beginning from class 1 and ends in class 9, and well ordered alphabetically in each class by
scientific name.
6. It explains the goods type, description, packing, distinguishing mark, color and precautions of shipping, discharge, availability on
the ship, stowage sites to avoid risks and fire.
7. Putting certain labels as per the (IMDG) on each dangerous pack in order to take care at transport, shipping and discharge.
8. When shipping dangerous materials, the OOW must have all the information about the cargo type, quantity, packing, shipper’s
names, consignee and their scientific name.
9. For stowage, you have to take the name from IMDG, and taking all the precautions such as the packing type, safety equipment, and
fire equipment.
10. If the cargos are dangerous for the maritime environment, the distinguishing mark must be put.
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DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 3
Class 1: Explosives
Division 1.1: substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.2: substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.3: substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass
explosion hazard
Division 1.4: substances and articles which present no significant hazard
Division 1.5: very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.6: extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard
Class 2: Gases
Class 2.1: flammable gases
Class 2.2: non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Class 2.3: toxic gases
Class 3: Flammable liquids
Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 4.1: flammable solids, self-reactive substances and desensitized explosives
Class 4.2: substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3: substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Class 5.1: oxidizing substances
Class 5.2: organic peroxides
Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances
Class 6.1: toxic substances
Class 6.2: infectious substances
Class 7: Radioactive material
Class 8: Corrosive substances
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
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IMDG book for shipping risky goods has a supplement contains:
1. Emergency procedure, which includes the safety precautions, safety personal,
protective cloths or respiratory equipment as per each class of dangerous
cargo, in addition discussing leakage, repacking and fire fighting.
2. Medical first aid guide: to explain the dangerous cargo and to make the first aid
for all body.
Dangerous cargo stowage conditions:
1. For safe stowage, must stow the same types with each others as per IMDG code.
2. Explosive material (except ammunition) can be put in a well-closed store.
3. Cargos arises risky vapor are put on deck or in ventilated places.
4. Precautions taken bearing liquids or flammable gases with suitable
precautions to control fire.
5. Taking precautions when transporting dangerous cargo, such the medical
precautions as per the supplement Emergency Response Procedures for Ships
(EMS) , and supplement Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG) , and how to
avoid accidents when shipping dangerous cargo.
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Packing
1. Avoidance of any friction between the internal belts leading to risks.
2. The packing filling material of liquid cargo must be able to
alleviate risks.
3. Should be distributed to prevent movement, and in sufficient
quantity to suck liquids in the case of broken container.
4. There should be spaces between containers bearing risky liquids
due to increasing of temperature during voyag.
5. Cylinders and containers bearing pressed gasses should be of
high quality manufacturing, investigation, maintenance and
correctly filled, in order to avoid explosion.
6. Empty containers used for risky goods are treated same as the
dangerous cargo, unless cleaned and dried.
7. In case of doubt in packing of dangerous cargo, the duty
officer should notify the captain and the first officer
immediately to take the necessary procedures.
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Precautions required during loading and discharging of explosives class 1:
1. Providing immediate fire fighting and detection equipment.
2. Ship should not be supplying by fuel during cargo handling or emit wireless signals and Radar wave.
3. OOW must check the area around & internal the ship during the handling.
4. Posted signboard warning (no smoking) inside the ship and near it on the berth, and raising B flag or red light at night.
5. Testing of the hold bilge and check ventilators.
6. Avoidance of spark from funnel, check spark mash, keep engines ready in operational condition.
7. Do not use the forklift in handling of cargo and handling boxes carefully, follow guidelines marked on packages.
8. It is not allowed to ship any defective or broken boxes, counting the boxes with no spaces.
9. Closing stores after completion of cargo, and pouring water on deck at daily in worm areas.
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10. Storing in places with wooden ceil, and fixing with copper nails to avoid friction with the boxes pelt, away from machinery spaces.
11. It is not allowed to ship in a holds with flammable vapors.
12. Pulling out the operation cord and segregated from dangerous cargo, switch of the electric current passing inside the holds.
13. The ventilators have two layers flame resistant.
14. The duty officer must have the full knowledge about the dangerous materials stowage, along with the distance of the other dangerous
cargo to avoid accidents.
15. When an accident occurred at the shipping of risky goods, it is important to notify the stevedore, captain and port authority to take the
necessary precautions.
16. Taking the necessary precautions as per the marine instruction manuals in fighting fire.
17. Operating the fire detection equipment, no smoking signing, and providing towing rope fore and aft ship to withdraw at emergency.
18. It is not allowed to use the high temperature portable light, only using the safe 24 volts lamps.
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IMDG code 7.2.1.16 Segregation Table
IMDG Code has some introductions for stowage and goods
separation inside the ship such as:
1. Away from. When shipping type of cargo should be separated
from any other cargo three meters horizontally distance.
2. Separated from. These cargo are shipped in a separated
compartment, if the shipping on deck, the horizontal distance
should not less than 6 meters.
3. Separated by a complete compartment of Hold From. These
goods must be segregate in separated compartment or on the
deck, and the horizontal distance not less than 12 M.
4. Separated by longitudinally complete compartment of hold
from all sides or a horizontal distance of 24 M.
X. indicates that goods of the corresponding compatibility
groups may be stowed in the same compartment
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