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Flow Measurement Techniques

The document discusses various methods of measuring fluid flow velocity and volumetric flow rate. It describes several common flow measurement devices such as Pitot tubes, vane anemometers, hot wire anemometers, and laser Doppler anemometers that are used to measure flow velocity. Methods for measuring volumetric flow rate discussed include rotameters, turbine meters, Venturi meters, nozzle meters, orifice meters, and elbow meters. The document focuses on obstruction-type meters like Venturi, nozzle, and orifice meters, explaining how Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation can be applied to determine flow rate from pressure differences created by a constriction.

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71 views30 pages

Flow Measurement Techniques

The document discusses various methods of measuring fluid flow velocity and volumetric flow rate. It describes several common flow measurement devices such as Pitot tubes, vane anemometers, hot wire anemometers, and laser Doppler anemometers that are used to measure flow velocity. Methods for measuring volumetric flow rate discussed include rotameters, turbine meters, Venturi meters, nozzle meters, orifice meters, and elbow meters. The document focuses on obstruction-type meters like Venturi, nozzle, and orifice meters, explaining how Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation can be applied to determine flow rate from pressure differences created by a constriction.

Uploaded by

betruckouma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Example 1(Chapter 5: Fluid dynamics)


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Chapter 6: Flow measurement


6.1 Introduction

 The performance of engineering equipments and systems should be


validated by tests and experiments before these could be
commissioned. Tests and experiments involve various measuring
instruments. Performance testing of pumps, turbines, fans and
blowers are typical cases.
 Other areas requiring measurement of flow parameters are
irrigation systems, chemical process control and research work
in fluid mechanics.
 Out of the many parameters to be measured,
 flow velocity and
 flow rate are involved in almost all cases
 Velocity measurement
 Pitot tube
 Anemometers (vane, hot wire and laser Doppler
anemometers)

 Velocity is usually measured indirectly by measuring the difference


between the stagnation and static pressures (pitot tube) or by the
rotational speed of wheels (vane anemometer) or by the temperature
drop on a thin cylindrical wire in cross flow (hot wire anemometer) and
also by optical systems.
 Velocity is also measured directly, in some instances, by determining the
distance travelled by a group of fluid particles during a measured time
interval.
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Pitot tubes

Vane anenometer

Hot wire anenometer


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Laser Doppler anenometer

 Volume flow rate measurements


 Rotameters (float meter)
 Turbine type flow meters
 Venturi, Nozzle and orifice meter
 Elbow meter
 Volume flow rate in pipes can be measured either using direct
measuring devices such as watermeter or rotameters (float meters)
or using a constriction or elbow meters which produce a
measurable pressure difference that can be used to determine the
flow rate.
 Flow meters (watermeter or rotameter) may be calibrated either by
the manufacturer or by the user before installation. The same fluid
and same range of flows as in the actual installation should be used
for the calibration.
 In the case of constriction meters Bernoulli equation and
continuity equation are applied between the upstream and
downstream sections of the constriction to obtain an expression for
the flow rate.
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Rotameters (float meter)

 Venturi, Nozzle and Orifice meters are the three obstruction type
meters commonly used for the measurement of flow through pipes.
In each case the meter acts as an obstacle placed in the path of the
flowing fluid causing local changes in pressure and velocity (to be
shown under venturimeter)

 Flow Measurements using Orifices, Notches and Weirs


 Discharge measurements using orifices
 Flow measurements in open channels
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A comparison of various flow measuring devices


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Questions on Venturimeter
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