Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Basics of Functions
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

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S. No. TOPICS S. No. TOPICS

1. Logarithms 11. Probability

2. Inequalities - Wavy Curve 12. Binomial Theorem

3. Trigonometry 13. Integration

14. Sequence & Series

4. Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
15. Vectors
5. Modulus & Greatest Integer Functions
16. 3D Geometry
6. Complex Numbers
17. Graphs & Transformation
7. Differentiation
18. Straight Lines & Circles
8. Limits 19. Sets & Relations

9. Quadratic Equations 20. Conic Sections

10. Permutations & Combinations 21. Matrices and Determinants

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Basics of Functions

● Functions Introduction
● Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs
● Vertical Line Test
● Domain and Range of Function
● Algebra of Functions
● Different Types of Functions & their
Graphs
● Problems on Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using FUNCTIONS BASICS
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions Introduction
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions Introduction
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Basics of Functions

y = f(x)

Output variable
Input variable
Function name

Example: y = x + 1, y = sinx,
y = ex
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. A function is defined as f(x)=x2-3x.

(i) Find the value of f(2).
(ii) Find the value of x for which f(x)=4.
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs
Functions

A relation R : A→B is considered as

function if
(i) Every element in A has a mapping
(ii) Every element in A has a unique
mapping

Set A entirely should be Domain

Set B is called a Co-domain
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Example:
A B
1
x
2 y
t
3
w
4

Domain =
Co-domain =
Range =
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Example:
A B
1
x
2 y
t
3
w
4

Domain = 1, 2, 3, 4
Co-domain = x, y, t, w
Range = x, y, t
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs

Note: Usually functions are named as f, g, h,...

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Vertical Line Test

A graphical method to check if the curve is a function or not:

Draw a vertical line at different positions if it intersects the

curve at more than one point, then it's not a function.
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Which graph is NOT a function?

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 4
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Which graph is NOT a function?

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 4
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Which graph is a function?

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 4
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Which graph is a function?

A Graph 1

B Graph 2

C Graph 3

D Graph 4
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Important Note:

Sets A, B contains p, q elements respectively i.e.,

n(A)=p, n(B)=q

● No.of functions from set A to set B

=qp=n(B)n(A)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Example:
No. of functions from Set of 3 elements to set of 4
elements =_____?
Ans: 43
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. n(A)=2, n(B)=4 , then number of functions

from set A to set B is

A 22

B 24

C 22×4

D 42
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. n(A)=2, n(B)=4 , then number of functions

from set A to set B is

A 22

B 24

C 22×4

D 42
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Domain and Range of Function

● Every machine has some limitations in accepting

inputs.
● The set of all acceptable inputs of a machine f is
called its domain.
● The set of all resulting outputs is called its range.
Thus
Domain = set of all acceptable inputs
Range = set of all possible outputs.
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Here f established connection between set of inputs {a, b, c, d}

to set of outputs {3, 7, 8, 0}.

Thus domain = {a,b,c,d}

Range = {3,7,8,0}
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. If f = {(p, 1),(q, 2),(r, 3)} then domain of f is

A {1, 2, 3}

B {p, q, r}

C {p, q, r, 1, 2, 3}

D None of these
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. If f = {(p, 1),(q, 2),(r, 3)} then domain of f is

A {1, 2, 3}

B {p, q, r}

C {p, q, r, 1, 2, 3}

D None of these
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. If f = {(p, 1), (q, 2), (r, 3)} then which of the

following is true

A 2 is the image of q

B r is the preimage of 3

C {1, 2, 3} is the image of f

D All the above

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. If f = {(p, 1), (q, 2), (r, 3)} then which of the

following is true

A 2 is the image of q

B r is the preimage of 3

C {1, 2, 3} is the image of f

D All the above

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
ALGEBRA OF FUNCTIONS

1. Scalar multiplication of a function:

1. Addition/Subtraction of functions

1. Multiplication of functions

1. Division of functions

≠0
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Q. If A = {1, 2} such that function f : A→B,
f (x) = 2x + 2, and g : A→C, g(x) = x
Find range of
(i) f + g (ii) f - g (iii) f . g
(iii) f /g
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
(i)(f + g)(x) = 2x + 2 + x (iii)(f.g)(x) = (2x + 2).x
(f + g)(x) = 3x + 2 (f - g)(x) = 2x2+2x
f + g |x=1 = 3 + 2=5 f .g |x=1 = 2 + 2=4
f + g |x=2 = 6 + 2=8 f. g |x=2 = 8 + 4=12
Range of (f + g)(x) = { 5, 8} Range of (f . g)(x) = { 4, 12}

(ii)(f - g)(x) = 2x + 2 - x (iv)(f/g)(x) = (2x + 2)/x

(f - g)(x) = x + 2 f /g |x=1 = 4/1=4
f - g |x=1 = 1 + 2=3 f /g |x=2 = 6/2=3
f - g |x=2 = 2 + 2=4 Range of (f / g)(x) = { 3, 4}
Range of (f - g)(x) = { 3, 4}
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Rules of finding domain

1
1. , then expression ≠ 0
expression

2. √ Expression , then Expression ≥ 0

Note:
f(x) → Domain is D1
g(x) → Domain is D2
f(x) ± g(x) → Domain is D1 ∩ D2
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

1
Q. Find domain of function: f =
x
(x)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

1
f (x) =
x
f is defined for all x values except ‘0’
∴Domain of f (x) = R – {0}
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find domain of function: f =√x

(x)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

f (x) = √ x
f is defined for all non-negative
values of ‘x’
x≥0

∴ Domain is [0,∞)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of

(i)

(ii)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of the function

Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of the following functions

x2
f(x) =
(x – 1)x
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
x2
f(x) =
(x – 1)x
x(x – 1) ≠ 0
x ≠ 0 and x ≠ 1
Domain ⇒ R–{0,1}
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of function

f (x) = √ x (x – 1) (x – 2)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

x (x – 1) (x – 2) ≥ 0

– + – +
0 1 2
x ∈ [0,1] ∪ [2, ∞)
Domain = [0,1] ∪ [2, ∞)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of function

√
(x – 2)
f (x) =
(x – 3)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

√
(x – 2)
f (x) =
(x – 3)
+ – + (x – 2)
≥0
(x – 3)
2 3
x–3≠0
Domain ⇒ (–∞,2] ∪ (3, ∞)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the domain of function

f (x) = √ (x – 2) + √ (x – 3)
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

f (x) = √ (x – 2) + √ (x – 3)

(x – 2) ≥ 0 and (x – 3) ≥ 0
x≥2 and x≥3
Domain ⇒ [3, ∞)
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

(i)Find the domain of f (x) √ 4 – x2 (ii) Find the domain of

= f (x) = √ x2 –
4

(iii) Find the domain of (iv) Find the domain of

f (x)= 1/√ x2 – f (x)=
4
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

(i)Find the domain of f (x) = √ 4 – x2 (ii) Find the domain of

f (x) = √ x2 –
4
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

(iii) Find the domain of (iv) Find the domain of

f (x)= 1/ √ x2 – f (x)=
4
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Procedure for finding out
range of function

For the function y = f(x)

1) Express x explicitly in terms of y

2) Find the possible values for y

(like domain for x)

3) Eliminate value(s) of y w.r.t x, if

applicable
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q.Find the domain and the range of the real

function,
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the range of the function

2x + 3
f(x) = x
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

2x + 3 3
=y x=
x y–2

2x + 3 = xy y≠2

3 = xy – 2x Range = R – {2}

x(y – 2) = 3
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the range of the following

functions f(x) = √ x – 2
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:

f(x) = √ x – 2
= y (≥ 0)
x–2 = y2
x = y2 + 2
x is defined for all real y
∴ Range = [0, ∞)
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Find the range of

Find the range of f (x) = √ 4 – x2
f (x) = √ x2 –
4

Find the range of Find the range of

f (x)= 1/√ x2 – f (x)=
4
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Find the range of

Find the range of f (x) = √ 4 – x2
f (x) = √ x2 –
4
 Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Find the range of Find the range of

f (x)= 1/ √ x2 – f (x)=
4
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range

Q. Find the range of the following

functions f(x) = √ 16 - x2
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Solution:
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Different Types of Functions

● Linear Function
● Quadratic Function
● Cubic Function
● Modulus Function
● Reciprocal Function
● Polynomial Function
● Exponential Function
● Logarithmic Function
● Square Root Function
● Trigonometric Function
● Inverse Trigonometric Function
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Linear Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Quadratic Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Cubic Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Modulus Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Reciprocal Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Polynomial Function
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Exponential Functions
Functions: Basics, Domain & Range
Logarithmic Functions