Draw and Label (1 Marks)

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus**

2. Cryptococcus Neoformans (India Ink Stain)** (sn 2)
3. Bacterial Cell****
4. Meningococcus in CSF***
5. Giardia Lamblia trohphozoite
6. Influenza Virus****
7. IgM molecule*
8. Histoplasma capsulatum
9. Bacterial spore****(2 SN)
10. IgA
11. Secretory IgA
12. Penicillium
13. Bacteriophage
14. Streptococcus pyogens in throat sample smear
15. Microfilaria bancrofti morphology*
16. Immunoglobulin G molecule (IgG)*
17. Immunoglobulin with the highest molecular weight
18. Candida albicans**
19. Rabies Virus*
20. Nagler Reaction**
21. Hydatid cyst**
22. Streptococci in pus
23. Trophozoite of Giardia Lambia*
24. Salient microscopic features with diagrams: fatty liver (2)
25. Salient microscopic features with diagrams: megakaryocyte (2)
26. Salient microscopic features with diagrams: lepramatous leprosy (2)
27. Structure of Bacterial endospore
28. Hot air oven
29. Hepatitis B virus*
30. Hepatitis D virus*
31. Pneumococci- Negative staining
32. IgM molecule
33. Aspergillus Species
34. Microfilaria of Brugia Malayi*
35. Elek’s gel precipitation test
36. Classify organisms based on oxygen requirement
37. Whip worm ova
38. Influenza Virus
39. HLA Class 1 molecule
Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
1. Merozoite***
2. Nosocomial Infection*** 2
3. Agents causing Urinary Tract Infections**
4. Lab Diagnosis of Urinary tract infections
5. Opportunistic Mycoses
6. NIH Swab
7. Agents which cause mycetoma*
8. Aseptic meningitis
9. Lesions produced by Candida albicians*
10. Transport Media? Examples
11. Comment on alcohol as disinfectant*
12. Name 4 disinfectants
13. cytokines
14. R factor **
15. Enumerate sources of infection *2
16. How to collect specimen for blood culture?*
17. Significant bacteriuria**
18. Defective virus. Give example
19. Congenital rubella syndrome?
20. Phycomycetes
21. Creeping eruption?
22. Differences between primary cell line and a continuous cell line
23. Continuous Cell line*
24. What is a Continuous cell culture
25. Primary cell amoebic meningoencephalitis?
26. Chromomycosis
27. 4 Viruses causing haemorrhagic fever
28. Gaspak system
29. Hapten*
30. Four Zoonotic bacterial infections*
31. Relapsing Fever
32. Functions of Capsule
33. Non 0-1 Vibrios
34. Coomb’s test* (2)
35. Transposons*
36. Hyperinfection
37. Yeast like Fungi
38. Teratogenic Viruses
39. Filariform Larba
40. Filariform larvae
41. Japanese encephalitis
42. Balantidium Coli
43. 4 Dimorphic Fungi***
44. Antiviral agents used for treating AIDS
45. 4 contributions of Louis Pasteur*
46. 4 important features of Exotoxin
47. Differences between exotoxin and endotoxin
48. Malignant Pustule*
49. Mutation
50. 4 gaseous disinfectants*
51. 4 bacteria causing STD
52. Heterophile antigen
53. Name 4 enrichment media*
54. Enriched medium
55. Enrichment medium
56. What is an intermediate host. 2 examples
57. Man acting as intermediate host
58. 4 opportunistic fungal infections
59. Viral inclusion bodies*
60. Inclusion Bodies
61. 4 helminthic eggs seen in stool
62. 4 helminths which produce autoinfection
63. What is autoinfection
64. Break bone fever
65. Concentration techniques for faeces
66. SARS
67. Dark Ground Microscopy*
68. Adjuvant
69. Malignant Pustule
70. Plasmids**
71. Bacterial Filters*
72. Naegleria
73. Naegler’s reaction
74. Interferon* and therapeutic uses**
75. Slide culture
76. Aseptic Meningitis
77. Prions***Enumerate the human prion diseases
78. Dane particle**
79. Kerion
80. Loeffler’s syndrome
81. Routes of inoculation of embryonated egg
82. What is meant by graft vs host reactions***
83. Transport Media, 2 examples
84. Differentiating features of T and B lymphocytes
85. Transformation*
86. Herd Immunity**
87. Differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
88. Flash Method of pasteurization
89. Definitive host**
90. What are concogenes
91. Oncogenic Viruses** 4 oncogenic viruses
92. Kyasanur forest Disease
93. NIH swab
94. Koch’s postulates
95. Negative Staining
96. Chancre
97. Endotoxin and Exotoxin differences
98. Lesions of Staphylococcus Aureus
99. Lesions produced by Streptococcus pyogenes*
1. Functions of Complement**
2. Name various Sexually transmitted diseases
3. Name 4 sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria
4. Various Rickettsial diseases
5. Soft sore
6. Agents causing bacterial pneumonia
7. Significant bacteriuria**
8. Woolsorter’s disease
9. Arthrospores
10. Pyrexia of unknown origin
11. Germ tube test**
12. Piedra**
13. Glandular fever*
14. Tropical Eosinophilia
15. Selective Medium – 2 examples
16. Hemolysis in blood agar
17. Artificial active immunity
18. Prozone Phenomenon*
19. Super antigen
20. Coagulase test
21. Sulphur granules
22. Lab diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis**
23. Mantoux test
24. Acquired Immunity
25. Dematiacious fungi, 2 examples
26. NH swab
27. Antigenic shift**
28. Blood culture
29. Trichomonas vaginalis*
30. Opportunistic mycoses
31. How do you collect sputum for bacterial culture
32. What are arboviruses? Name 3 arboviruses prevalent in India
33. Presumptive coliform count
34. 2 hemoflagellates and their vectors
35. Castanoda Method
36. Castaneda’s Method
37. Methods to demonstrate bacterial capsule
38. Malignant pustule
39. Botulism**
40. ASO test
41. Ritter’s disease
42. Transduction and its clinical significance
43. MHC restriction
44. Cold sterilisation
45. Cold agglutination test
46. Enumerate antigen-antibody reactions in vitro
47. What is ‘id’ reaction?*
48. Differentiate between classical and El tor vibrio
49. Immunological tolerance
50. Name pathogenic non-sporing anaerobic bacteria
51. How is motility of bacteria demonstrated
52. L Forms
53. HLA typing
54. Negri body
55. Toxoid? 2 examples
56. Antiseptic? 2 examples*
57. Conjugation
58. Enumerate fungi causing systemic mycoses
59. Null cells
60. 2 bacterial zoonoses and their causative agents
61. Tyndallisation
62. Agglutination reactions
63. M’ Fadyean’s reaction
64. Haemadsorption
65. Name 4 viviparous nematodes
66. LD bodies
67. Reynold’s- Braude phenomenon
68. Lyme disease
69. What is minimum inhibitory concentration
70. Albert’s stain
71. Dematiaceous fungi and 2 examples
72. Loeffler’s syndrome
73. Antioncogenes, Example
74. Tzanck cells
75. Cyclopes as intermediate host
76. What are true yeasts? Give example
77. Name 2 oncogenic viruses and their significance
78. Name 2 four arbovirus infections prevalent in India
 79. Name 2 fungi that infect nails
80. Acanthamoeba
81. Pentavalent vaccine
82. Immunocompetant cell
83. Natural Killer cell
84. MHC restriction
85. Resistance transfer factor
86. What is sleeping sickness
87. Miracidium
88. What is ‘original antigenic sin’
89. Name 4 opportunistic fungal infections associated with HIV infection
90. What is tropical splenomegaly syndrome
91. Name 4 modes of transmission of parasites with one example each
Short Notes (2 Marks)
1. Viral Diarrhoea
2. Rhinosporidiosis
3. Dermatophytes******
4. Dermatophytosis
5. Mycetoma*
6. Laboratroy diagnosis of amoebic dysentery
7. Teratogenic Viruses
8. Hospital Infection*
9. Monoclonal antibodies*
10. Helicobacter pylori*
11. Atypical mycobacteria*
12. Cutaneous anthrax*
13. Pathogenesis of tentatus
14. Prophylaxis against Tetanus**
15. Cryptosporidium
16. Histoplasma capsulatum
17. Chickungunya*
18. Antemortum diagnosis of rabies
19. Lab diagnosis of Malaria*
20. Oculomycosis
21. Lab Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis*
22. Blood culture for bacterial pathogens
23. Bacterial growth curve* (Draw and label)
24. ETEC
25. Cytokines*
26. Lyme disease
27. Adenovirus
28. Cysticercus Cellulosae***
29. Prophylaxis of Hepatitis B Infection
30. Rapid Diagnosis of Falciparum Malaria
31. Malignant tertian malaria
32. Rhinosporidiosis
33. Epstein-Barr Virus*
34. Lab diagnosis of meningococcal Meningitis
35. Adjuvants
36. Prophylaxis against cholera
37. Pathogenesis of cholera
38. Cholera Toxin
39. Group B Streptococci
40. M.R.S.A
41. M.M.R vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
42. Pityriasis Versicolor
43. Lab Diagnosis of Leishmania Donovani
44. Rota Virus**
45. Lab diagnosis of enteric fever in 2nd week
46. Blood culture in enteric fever
47. Innate immunity
48. Natural passive immunity?* Example
49. Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis
50. Diarrhoeagenic Esch. Coli
51. E. Coli Diarrhoea
52. Weil Felix Test
53. Toxoplasma
54. Lab Diagnosis of Kala-azar**
55. Cell culture methods
56. Blood culture*
57. Carpet culture
58. Complications of falciparum malaria*
59. Madura Foot*
60. Bacterial Capsule*
61. Define Hypersensitivity (1)
62. Type 4 hypersensitivity*
63. Type 3 hypersensitivity
64. Type 1 hypersensitivity
65. Delayed hypersensitivity
66. Clostridium difficile
67. What is mycoplasma
68. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
69. Herpes simplex virus*
70. Classify Herpes Viruses
71. Larva Migrans****
72. Prophylaxis of Poliomyelitis***
73. Cryptococcus neoformans*
74. Lab diagnosis of Amoebic dysentery
75. Mumps Virus*
76. Vaccines
77. Live Vaccines*
78. Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines
79. VDRL test*
80. Autoclave, uses*
81. Satellitism*
82. Hot air oven
83. Coagulase test
84. Slow virus diseases
85. Prophylaxis of Type B Hepatitis
86. Microfilariae*
87. Prevention of Hospital acquired infection
88. Typhoid Carrier
89. Mucomycosis
90. Subcutaneous Filariasis
91. Hepatitis E Virus
92. Serological Markers of Hepatitis B
93. Dengue Fever
94. Congenital Toxoplasmosis
95. Amoebic liver abscess
96. Tuberculous lymphadentis
97. Measles
98. Enterobius Vermiculas
99. Dermatophytes
1. Lab diagnosis of malaria
2. Methods of viral cultivation
3. Bacillary Dysentery
4. B cell
5. Scarlet fever
6. Non-venereal treponematoses
7. Presumptive coliform count
8. Radioimmuno assay (RIA)*
9. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
10. Antibiotic sensitive tests
11. Non gonococcal urethritis
12. Atypical mycobacteria
13. Occult Filariasis
14. Histoplasmosis*
15. TRIC agents
16. Prevention of Japanese encephalitis
17. Pulmonary Aspergillosis*
18. Anaphylaxis**
 19. Black water fever
20. Cryptosporidium parvum
21. Haemophilus influenza
22. Brucellosis clinical picture
23. Aspergillosis
24. Giardia lamblia
25. Histoplasma capsulatum
26. Ebola virus
27. Subunit Vaccine
28. Rabies prophylaxis
29. Atypical pneumonia
30. ELISA
31. Immunoglobulin M
32. Taenia saginata
33. Sporotrichosis

10 Marks
1. 35 yr old man presented with fever, arthralgia and jaundice. There is history of
blood transfusion six months ago. On examination there is tender hepaptomegaly.**
a. Diagnosis 1
b. Clinical Features 2
c. Describe structure of the causative organism 2
d. Lab Findings 3
e. The Prophylaxis 2

2. 35 year old male with history of remittent fever for 2 weeks. On examination there is
hepatosplenomegaly and rose spots on the skin of abdomen. Blood culture done.
a. Which bacterium is most likely cause 1
b. Pathogenesis 3
c. Lab diagnosis 4
d. Prophylaxis 2

3. 4 yr old child presents with many small superficial fragile bullae on the trunk and the
extremities. Gram stain of exudates reveals numerous pus cells and gram-positive
cocci in grape like clusters.
a. Diagnosis
b. What are the virulence factors released by the organism
c. What are the other infections cause by this organism
d. How will you identify this organism in the laboratory?
e. Which is the other bacterial agent causing similar illness?
4. 40 yr old man presented with fever and intractable diarrhoea. On examination there
is generalized lymphadenotpathy. He gives history of exposure ot multiple partners
his peripheral blood smear shows leucopenia and marked reduction of lymphocytes.
a. What is the diagnosis?
b. Describe the structure of the causative agent
c. Various antigens of the organism
d. Briefly mention the laboratory methods for the diagnosis

5. 2 yr old child presented with fever and vomiting of 2 days duration. On examination
there is neck rigidity and petechial rash on skin
a. Clinical diagnosis
b. 2 other primary aetiological agents for similar situation in this age group
c. Lab Diagnosis specifying the specimen collection and transportation
d. How will you treat the condition? Specify most useful antibiotic.

6. 34 yr old female was brought to hospital with history of mild fever and headache for
2 days. On 2nd day of admission she developed altered behaviour and difficulty in
swallowing. ON close questioning she gave history of dog bit a month ago. While
examining she developed seizures. Her condition deteriorated and she died on 5th
day of illness
a. Probably Diagnosis
b. Clinical features
c. Describe and draw the structure of the causative organism
d. Lab Diagnosis
e. Prophylaxis

7. 44 yr old man presented with history of several weeks of intermittent fever with wt
loss and inc. frequency of bowel movement, History of suffering from STD 6 months
back. CD4+T cell count >200/ cumm
a. What is probable etiological agent?
b. What is the mode of infection
c. Structure of causative organism
d. Lab Diagnosis
e. Treatment
8. 35 year old male presented with history of fever, wt loss and exposure to multiple sex
partners. On examination he is pale, has lymphadenopathy and CD4 cell counts are
markedly low.
a. Tentative diagnosis
b. Describe morphology of virus causing infection
c. Lab tests to be done
d. Pathogenesis of the disease
e. Opportunistic bacterial infections encountered in this disease
9. 5 year old child developed fever, headache, projectile vomiting all of a sudden. On
examination the patient had stupor, positive Kernig’s sign and temperature of 38. 5
Celcius. Lumbar puncture was done and CSF was cloudy with increased polymorpho
nuclear leukocyte count. Gram stain showed pleomorphic gram negative bacilli with
many pus cells.
a. Which organism is likely to cause this condition?
b. Classify the orgnaisms causing this condition.
c. Write lab diagnosis of this condition
d. Treatment

10. 22 yr old man complains of fever and sore throat. He gives history of anorexia and
malaise of one week duration. On examination there is bilateral cervical lymph node
enlargement. Peripheral blood smear shows leucocytosis with absolute
lymphocytosis (50%) and atypical lymphocytes. You suspect that he has an infection
a. Diagnosis
b. Responsible organism
c. How do you diagnose the condition by lab methods
d. Mode of transmission of the above disease
e. Other diseases caused by same organism

11. 15 year old by is preseted with fever, headache, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, neck
stiffness and petechial rashes
a. Provisional diagnosis
b. Likely causative organism
c. Pathogenesis
d. Essential laboratory investigations and expected findings
e. Line of treatment and prophylaxis

12. 3 yr old boy is referred to hospital with history of lethargy, irritability and poor
feeding. On examination, he is pyrexial, drowsy, has neck stiffness and there are
purplish red lesions on the trunk and extremities
a. Diagnosis
b. Investigations to be carried out for confirmation
c. Classification of responsible organism
d. Lab findings
e. Antibiotic of choice

13. 12 yr old girl presents with history of bouts of fever with chills, headache, nausea and
vomiting. On examination she is pale and has splenomegaly
a. Diagnosis
b. Classify Parasite responsible
c. Life cycle of causative agent
d. Lab diagnosis
e. Measures of prevention and control
14. 55 year old man was admitted to the hospital with fatigue, nausea and abdominal
discomfort. He had a slight fever, his urine was dark yellow and his abdomen was
distended and tender. He is a traveling sales person who has returned from a trip
within the previous month.
a. Classify Hepatitis viruses, name the viruses causing acute hepatitis 1
b. Pathogenesis of this illness 2
c. Lab tests that will be helpful to distinguishing the different hepatitis infections
3
d. What was the likely means of the viral acquisition in this case? 2
e. What personal and public health precautions should betaken to prevent the
transmission of this virus? 2

15. 40 yr old man presented with fever of long duration, malaise, loss of wt, loss of
appetite, cough and chronic diarrhoea. He also gave a history of having unprotected
with commercial sex worker 6 yrs. On examination is pale, fevrile with generalized
lymphadenopathy
a. What is the probable diagnosis and the aetiological agent?
b. Mention the methods of transmission of this disease
c. Pathogenesis of this disease
d. Different Methods for lab diagnosis in this case
e. Enumerate opportunistic infections seen in this case

16. A 20 yr old man presents with a single 2 cm ulcer on his glans penis. The lesion had
a raised border and indurated base. It is painless. Patient had history of exposure 2
weeks back
a. Probable diagnosis? Name the etiological agent
b. Clinical features of this disease?
c. Lab diagnosis of this case
d. Enumerate other sexually transmitted bacterial disease

17. 37 yr old woman comes to emergency room with complaints of burning on urination
along with frequency and urgency
a. What is the likely diagnosis? How will you classify these infections
b. Possible combinations
c. Name the pathogens which most frequently cause this infection
d. What are the methods of specimen collection for bacteriological culture in
such infections?
e. How will you interpret the culture results

18. An 18 yr old male presented with fever, headache vomiting and altered sensorium.
On examination pulse slow, neck rigidity +, kerning’s sign positive and petechial
rashes all over the body.
a. Diagnosis 1
b. Causative organism 1
 c. Pathogenesis 3
d. Complications 1
e. Discuss the lab diagnosis
f. Prophylaxis and treatment 1

19. 15 yr old boy presented with migratory polyarthritis, fever, subcutaneous nodules,
and loud cardiac murmur
a. Diagnosis `1
b. Classify organisms responsible 2
c. Clinical features of the disease 2
d. Lab findings? 3
e. The Prophylaxis 2

20. 4 yr old child presents with many small superficial fragile bullae on the trunk and the
extremities. Gram stain of exudate reveals numerous pus cells and gram positive
cocci in grape like clusters.
a. Diagnosis
b. Virulence factors released by the orgnanism 2
c. What are the other infections caused by this organism 4
d. How will you identify this organism in the lab
e. Which is the other bacterial agent causing similar illness

21. 40 yr old paddy field worker was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of fever
with rigor, headache, vomiting and intense injection of the eyes. He complains of
sever myalgia. He also developed jaundice and oliguria
a. What is the clinical diagnosis? Name causative agent.
b. Briefly describe the pathogenesis specifying the source and mode of infection
c. Discuss the lab diagnosis
d. How will you treat this condition

22. 30 yr old man was bitten by a stray dog. The dog which was observed under captivity
died after 5 days showing symptoms like drooling of saliva, restlessness, snapping at
imaginary objects
a. Clinical diagnosis? Name aetiological agent 1
b. Give an account of the clinical features and course of the disease in human
beings 2
c. Discuss the lab diagnosis in humans 2
d. Structure of the causative agent 2
e. Discuss briefly about the prophylaxis 3

23. A 40 year old agricultural worker presents with fever, headache, myalgia and
prostration associated with conjunctival suffusion, oliguria, jaundice and skin rash
a. Diagnosis 2
b. Describe how his profession is a risk factor for acquiring this disease 1
 c. How will you investigate this case 3
d. What is the treatment and prophylaxis2
e. What is zoonosis? Enumerate 2 zoonotic infections 2

24. A 25yr old man presented with difficulty in drinking water which provoked painful
spasms of larynx. His farm dog had bitten him 3 weeks back and dog subsequently
died.
a. Diagnosis
b. Morphology of the aetiological agent
c. Stages of the disease
d. Methods of antemortem diagnosis
e. Name different vaccines available along with its schedule of administration

25. 8 yr old boy brought to casualty complaining of pain and weakness of right lower
limb. He had fever and malaise 10 days. He was not immunized. On examination-
flaccid paralysis of right lower limb
a. Diagnosis
b. Name causative agent that cause this disease. Classify the pathogen
c. Describe the pathogenesis
d. Discuss lab diagnosis of the condition
e. Describe prophylaxis in detail and measures taken to eradicate this illness

26. 45 yr old man came to medicine OP with complains of evening rise of temperature
and productive cough for last 2 months. Chest x-ray showed nodular infiltration in
the apical region of the right upper lobe. Blood tests- ESR 120 mm/hr lymphocytosis
present
a. Diagnosis
b. Name and classify the causative organism
c. Describe pathogenesis
d. How will you investigate and confirm the diagnosis microbiologically
e. Describe treatment and prophylaxis

27. 27 yr old woman who is 2 months pregnant develops low grade fever, malaise and
arthralgia. A fine maculopapular rash appears on her face, trunk and extremities.
She also has lymphadenopathy.
a. Prelimary diagnosis
b. 2 other viral fevers with rash
c. How will you confirm your diagnosis
d. How will you prevent this illness
e. What are the complications