MUSIC

20th Century Music

 Rise of the musical styles that reflected a move away from the conventions of earlier classical
music.
Impressionism
 preceeds Romantic Period
 Dramatic emotionalism of Romantic Period were replaced in favor of moods and impression
 Most impressionist works centered on nature and its beauty, lightness and brilliance
 It was an attempt not to depict reality, but merely to suggest it It was meant to create emotional
mood rather than a specific picture
 Chords did not have a definite order and a sense of clear resolution
Impressionistic Music
 Projects a hazy and dreamlike quality
 Nature is frequently the subject; Nature sounds like splashing of waves, chirping of birds, and the
soft music evoke images and impressions
 Example:
 “The Engulfed Cathedral”—which is based on the story of an old Briton legend about the
rising of the buried cathedral of Mont St. Michael and slowly sinking again on the ocean.
 “Three Nocturnes”—the first is the “Nuages”(Clouds)—here Debussy pictures the sky with
slow and melancholy passages of clouds….there is less tension and rhythmic drive present
and melodies tend to be vague while the harmony is unexpected and unresolved, using
block-like chords arranged in parallel motion. TONE COLOR—it is misty and blurred, just
like the pictures in the pictures in the impressionistic paintings.
Claude Debussy (1862-1918) French Composer and a Critic
 He is a primary exponent of the impressionist movement and the focal point for other impressionist
composers
 He changed the course of musical development by dissolving traditional rules and conventions into
a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture and color.
 At the age of 22, one of his compositions won the “Prix de Rome” a coveted award that included a
period of study in Rome.
 Musical Works:
a. Orchestral Music
 “Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun”(1894)
 “Nocturnes” (1899)
 “La Mer” (The Sea, 1905)
 “Images” (1912).
 Dramatic Works like the Opera
 “ Pelleus et Melisande” (1912)
b. Ballet
 “Feus(Games,1913)
c. Songs, Choral Musics, Cantatas
 “L’Enfant Prodique ( The Prodigal Son) 1884).
 Piano Piece
 “Claire de Lune”-from “Suite Bergamasque”
Maurice Ravel (1875-1937)
 Uniquely innovate but not atonal style of harmonic treatment
 Intricate and sometimes modal melodies and extended chordal components
 His work is pragmatic in nature, visual imagery is either suggested or portrayed
 Works deal with water in it flowing or stormy moods as well as with human characteristics
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
 Dissonant to atonal as he explored the use of chromatic harmonies
 Although full melodic and lyrical interest, his music is also extremely complex, creating heavy
demands on the listener
 The traditional concepts of consonances and dissonances do not apply in atonal works.
Bela Bartok
 A Hungarian, is considered a famous progressive modern musical composer, a great pianist,
teacher and researcher
 He was one of the leaders of Hungarian nationalism and made use of the Hungarian folk tunes in
his music
  He belonged to the movement of NeoClassicism: a return to the simplicity of classicism and
combining of modern sound with classic form
Primitivism
 Music is tonal through the asserting of one note as more important than the others. New sounds are
synthesized from old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex new event.
 It has a link to exoticism through the use of materials from other cultures. Nationalism through the
use of materials indigenous to specific countries, and ethnicism through the use of materials from
European ethnic groups.
20th Century Music Composers
1. Igor Stravinsky 7. Philip Glass
2. Bela Bartok 8. Edgar Varese
3. Sergei Prokofieff 9. Karlheinz Stockhausen
4. Francis Poulenc 10. John Cage
5. George Gershwin
6. Leonard Bernstein
PENTATONIC SCALE - scale of five tones
WHOLE TONE SCALE - scale tones are of equal distance using 2 semitones or an interval of whole tone.
Expressionism
 It is a style which seeks to express emotions with exaggerations rather than represent the physical
world. The followers of the movement believe that this world is full of tension and people are
irrational, rebellious, and scared to be alone.
TWELVE-TONE-SYSTEM
 This system offers a new way of organizing pitch in a composition. The twelve-tone system is also
known as the serial technique.
Atonality
 Meaning the absence of key, evolved from emphasis on chromatic harmony and the liberal use of
the 12 tones in chromatic scale.
 Literally means without tonality and achieved by avoidance of one central tonality.
Sprechstimme
 means “speaking voice” where the singer sings only approximate pitches.
Klangfarbenmelodie
 means ”tone color melody” where each note of a melody is assigned to a different instrument.
Serialism
 a method of organizing atonal harmony using 12 pitches of the chromatic scale arranged in a
desired order to be used serially.

ARTS

20TH CENTURY ART MOVEMENT

1. Impressionism
2. Expressionism
3. Abstractionism
4. Abstract Expressionism
5. Contemporary Art Forms
IMPRESSIONISM
Distinct Characters:
1. Color and Light
 Short broken strokes
 Pure unmixed colors side by side
 Freely brushed colors (convey visual effects)
2. Everyday Subjects
 Scenes of life
 Household objects
 Landscapes and Seascapes
 Houses, cafes, buildings
3. Painting Outdoors
 Previously, still lifes, portraits, and landscapes were painted inside the studio. The
impressionists found out that they could best capture the ever-changing effects of light on
color by painting outdoors in natural light.
 4. Open Composition
 Impressionist painting also moved away from the formal, structured approach to placing and
positioning their subjects.
EXPRESSIONISM (A Bold New Movement)
Sub-Movements:
1. Fauvism
 Uses bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions.
2. Dadaism
 Characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and fantasies.
3. Surrealism
 Depicts an illogical subconscious dream world beyond the logical, conscious, physical one.
4. Social Realism
 Expresses the artists’ role in social reform.
ABSTRACTIONISM
Sub-Movements:
1. Cubism
 Artworks were a play of planes and angles on a flat surface.
2. Futurism
 Arts were created for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age.
3. Mechanical Style
 The result of the futurist movement. Basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and
cylinders all fit together precisely and neatly in their appointed places.
4. Non-objectivism
 Do not use figures
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
Sub-Movements:
1. Action Painting
 The techniques could be splattering, squirting, and dribbling paint with no pre-planned
design.
2. Color Field Painting
 Uses different color saturations to create desired effects.
POP ART
Distinct Characteristics:
1. Range of Work
 From painting, to posters, collages, 3D assemblages, and installations.
2. Inspirations/Subjects
 Advertisements, celebrities, billboards, and comic strips.
OP ART
1. A form of action painting with the action taking place in the viewer’s eye.
2. As the eye moved over a different segment of the image, perfectly stable components appeared to
shift back and forth.
CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
1. Installation Art
 Uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the viewer’s experience in a particular
space.
 Usually lifesize or even larger. Installation can be constructed in everyday public or private
spaces both indoor and outdoor.
2. Performance Art
 The actions of the performers may constitute work. It can happen any time at any place for
any length of time.
 It may include activities such as theater, dance, music, mime, juggling, and gymnastics.
IMPRESSIONISM
 Evolved in France between 1860s-1890s
 The impressionist style is characterized by capturing the general impression produced by a scene
or object and the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.
 The Impressionists’ works rarely respond to political events
 Its content is very different from the Realists’ focus on social commentary
 Started as a derogatory term, but as the work found fans, the name stuck in a positive way.
ART MOVEMENT
 A group of artists, who are familiar with each other, work in a similar style during the same period of
time.
JAPONISME
 French term to describe the craze for all things Japanese.
 In 1854, trade began with Japan – there became fascination with art of the Far East.
Ukiyo~E
 Meaning floating world
 Golden age of woodblock prints
 Big influence on impressionists. Similar subject matter.
REALISM/NATURALISM
 attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions,
implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.
Edouard Manet
 Some of his artworks are Luncheon on the Grass (1863) and Titan, Pastoral Concert, (1510)
 Manet exhibited it at the Salon des Refusés (Salon of the rejected). He was admired by Monet and
his friends, and he became the leader of the Impressionist movement
Claude Monet
 Impressionist paintings incorporated the qualities of sketches abbreviations, speed, and spontaneity
What critics might call shortcuts
 lived in extreme poverty until the 1880s when Impressionism started to catch on
Pierre~Auguste Renoir
 Painted “happy pictures”
 He avoided black paint.
 He sought to paint a “slice of life”
Edgar Degas
 Figures tend to run-off sides
 diagonal compositions

POST-IMPRESSIONISM
 Post-Impressionism is a period of time when styles were developed from individual artists
 Artist such as Redon and Moreau used visual symbols.
 Post-Impressionism started in France.
 Post-impressionism has bright colors.
 It has sharp, and often outlined edges.
 Post impressionists were independent artists who rebelled against the limits of impressionism.
 Post-impressionism focused on the emotional, structural, symbolic, and spiritual elements that were
missing from impressionism.
 Industrialization and political repression brought unrest which found expression in painters.
 Post-impressionism was a time of advancement in technology and other things.

HISTORY
 Post-Impressionism started in about 1880 when impressionism started declining.
 Artists started using pointillism which is the practice of applying small dots so that from a distance,
they blend together.
 During this time, there were advancements in medicine and studies of the nervous system. This
probably influenced the art of this time.
 Post-Impressionists were influenced by impressionism, but did not like the limits of it.
 During post-impressionism, art nouveau or new art was going on.
 Philosophers, writers, and social leaders influenced the art by the limits they put on the countries.
 Technology and medicine were advancing during this time.
 This influenced the art by what was put into the paintings and drawings.
 George Seuarat’s technique and Van Gogh’s brushwork led to more abstract styles that influenced
the art into the twentieth century.
 Post-impressionism focused on the personal experience of the painters.
ARTISTS
 Munch is known for The Scream
 Klimt is known for The Kiss
 Picasso is known for his abstract art. The Old Guitarist was one of his famous paintings.
 Van Gogh was known for Starry Night and many others.
STARRY NIGHT (1889)
 Vincent Van Gogh painted this.
 He said that this was what he was seeing out of his window.
 I think that this was a beautiful night with lots of stars in the sky.
 I think that the black blob is a building that he saw out his window.

P.E.
Active recreational activities- requires a large body movement without any pressure
Lifestyle- the way an individual lioves with a pattern
Physical Fitness- ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and
perform activities of daily living. Being efficient means doing daily activities with the least effort possible

HEALTH RELATED FITNESS

cardiorespiratory endurance- ability to exercise your entire body for a long time without stopping

muscular strength- amount of force your muscles can produce

muscular endurance- ability your muscles to use your muscles many times without tiring

flexibility- ability to use your joints fully through a wide range of motion without injury

body composition- refers to the different types of dishes that make up your body including fat, muscle bone,
and organ

SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
power- ability to use your strength quickly; it involves strength and speed

balance- The ability to keep an upright posture while standing still or moving

coordination- ability to use your senses to gather with body parts or to use two or more body parts together

speed- The ability to perform a movement or cover distance in a short time

reaction time- The amount of time it takes you to move once you recognize the need to act

agility- The ability to change the position of your body quickly and control your body's movements

FITT principle
F- frequency (how many times)
I- intensity (how hard)
T- time (how long)
T- type (what kind)

Health
Consumers Health – refers to the decision you make about the purchase of product and use of health
information services that will have direct effect on your health.
Consumers Health Components
Health Information – Data and facts you got from media and people including the professionals and
agencies, there are two types of health information which is reliable and unreliable.
Health Products – Substance, materials or equipment prepared for manufactured for you to buy and use
in the maintenance of health and the treatment of diseases.
Health Services – Refers to health information, actions, procedures and work furnished or supplied to help
satisfy your needs and wants as a consumer.

Consumers Health Education

- process of assisting you to acquire the correct information and understandings so that you will be
able to make wise decisions about a certain health item.

Consumer source of information in buying products and services

 Labels and directions
 Practitioners
 Health publications
 Consumer advocacy group
 Government agencies
 Health educators
 Family and friends
 Advertisement and commercials
 Folklore
 Mass media

What is a consumer?
- means a natural person who is a purchaser, lessee, recipient or prospective purchaser, lesser or
recipient of consumer products, services or credit.
- We all are consumers because we all are users, we use goods and services every day.
THE EIGHT (8) BASIC CONSUMER RIGHTS
1. THE RIGHT TO BASIC NEEDS: which guarantee survival, adequate food, clothing, shelter,
health care, education and sanitation.
You may look forward to: the availability of basic and prime commodities to consumers at
affordable prices and of good quality.
 2. THE RIGHT TO SAFETY: The right to be protected against the marketing of goods or the
provision of services that are hazardous to health and life.
You may look forward to: Manufacturers of consumer products to undertake extensive safety and
performance testing before selling their products in the market. Labels which contain the proper
information as regards the product, its use and how to operate it, if the need arises, and also
precautions or warning signs.
3. THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION: The right to be protected against fraudulent/dishonest or
misleading advertising/labelling/promotion and the right to be given the facts and information
needed to make an informed choice.
You may look forward to: Complete information about the product to be purchased, including its
use, ingredients/chemical contents, precautions, if any, limitations and expiry date.
4. THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE: The right to choose products at competitive prices with an
assurance of satisfactory quality.
You may look forward to: A wide array of goods and services which are offered in the market with
diverse brands, sizes, shapes and colors with differences in the price, quality and use.
5. THE RIGHT TO REPRESENTATION: The right to express consumer interests in the making
and execution of government policies.
You may look forward to: Legislators would propose laws that would ensure that consumers have
the chance to live a better life by getting the best value for their hard-earned peso.
6. THE RIGHT TO REDRESS: The right to be compensated for misrepresentation, shoddy goods
or unsatisfactory services.
You may look forward to: Manufacturers/storeowners would replace defective goods pursuant to
the provision "No Return, No Exchange" provided in the DTI's Implementing Rules and
Regulations of Republic Act 7349, otherwise known as the Consumer Act of the Philippines.
7. THE RIGHT TO CONSUMER EDUCATION The right to acquire the knowledge and skills
necessary to be an informed consumer
. You may look forward to: The three sectors of society: business, government and consumer
would embark on an information campaign through tri-media on consumer related issues. A series
of seminars, conferences, fora, training, and public hearings for the welfare of the consumers.
Consumer education being integrated in the school curriculum from elementary to secondary
levels as mandated by R.A. 7394 also known as the Consumer Act of the Philippines. The
Consumer Empowerment Seminar organized by the NCAC
8. THE RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT: The right to live and work in an environment
which is neither threatening nor dangerous, and which permits a life of dignity and well-being.
You may look forward to: The government exerting an iron hand regarding the alarming increase
in the degradation of the environment, especially forests, dying wildlife, depleted land fill space
and environmental contamination to prevent further damage. Constant monitoring of our seas,
coral reefs, forest, and waste disposal practices of factories to check if there is a violation of the
laws on environmental protection.

THE FIVE (5) CONSUMER RESPONSIBILITIES

1. CRITICAL AWARENESS: The responsibility to be more alert and questioning about the use
and the price and quality of goods and services we use.
2. ACTION: The responsibility to assert ourselves and act to ensure that we get a fair deal.
Remember that as long as we remain passive consumers, we will continue to be exploited.
3. SOCIAL CONCERN: The responsibility to be aware of the impact of our consumption on other
citizens, especially the poor, exploited, disadvantaged or powerless groups, whether in the local,
national or international community.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS: The responsibility to understand the environmental
consequences of our consumption. We should recognize our individual and social responsibility to
conserve natural resources and protect the earth for future generations.
5. SOLIDARITY: The responsibility to organize together as consumers to develop the strength
and influence to promote and protect our interests.

Consumer Act of the Philippines or Republic ACT 7394

7394, or the Consumer Act of the Philippines, protect consumers from trade malpractices, and
specifies the rights of consumers and the responsibilities of sellers, producers, retailers,
distributors, and manufacturers. However, these are not the exclusive source of consumer rights

What Kind of consumer you are?

A. INTELLIGENT CONSUMER - Is a type of a consumer that prioritizes needs rather than your wants and
limits her purchase in his or her ability to pay.
B. SPENDTHRIFT CONSUMER - Is a type of a consumer who lavish themselves with anything or
everything that indicates luxury. Thrift or economy is not in their vocabulary.
C. BARGAIN ADDICT - Is a type of a consumer who has an obsession for all types of bargain sale and
becomes an easy prey to the sales traps laid by deceitful traders.
D. CLOSED-FISTED CONSUMER - Is a type of a consumer who hoards money but deprives itself of
his/her needs.
E. PANIC BUYER - Is a type of consumer who is easily agitated by rumors of rising prices, product
shortages, and political disorders and tend to hoard unreasonable quantity of households supplies and
thereby contributes to price increase and artificial shortages.
F. IMPULSIVE BUYER - Is a consumer that does not prioritize its needs and buys anything you think is
need or like and regret it afterwards.
G. WASTEFUL CONSUMER - A type of a consumer that has a habit of leaving the lights on, ignoring
leaking faucets, buying more than enough food that you can consume and throwing away good food
afterwards.

SANTA LUBBY herbal plants used as alternative medicine

  Sambong
 Ampalaya
 Niyug-niyogan
 Tsaang gubat
 Akapulko
 Lagundi
 Ulasimang bato
 Bayabas
 Bawang
 Yebra Buena
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
acupuncture- form of energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to specific parts of the body to
affect the energy flow
-to treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions
ventosa cupping massage therapy- it is done by placing inverted glasses that have flames from burning
cotton, on specific points in the body
-relieve muscle and joint pains
reflexology- focuses on treating the specific disorders through massaging of their souls of the feet
acupressure- same as acupuncture the difference is that it does not use needles but hands to apply
pressure on certain points of the body
nutrition therapy- providing Taylor diet for the patient
quackery- form of health fraud; any advertisement sale or promotion of products and services that have not
been scientifically proven safe and effective. Operated by a quack
quack- an individual with little or no professional qualifications to practice medicine
-pretentiously uses meaningless medical jargon and relies on scale tactics paranoid accusations and quick
fixes
3 major characteristics of health quackery
1. It is a big business, huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent health products and services
2. Multiples and spreads fast
3. It thrives and on individual who are diagnosed with illness that have known to have no cure
3 forms of quackery
1. Medical quickery- includes cure treatments and remedies of various health conditions that are drugless
or bloodess in nature
2. Nutrition quakery- involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional practices that claim to be all
natura
3. Device quakery use of miraculous gadgets (such as dials, gauges, electrodes, magnets and blinkers)
that are believed to cure certain health conditions