Name : Aryan Peshattiwar
Class : SY-B
Roll No. : 34
Title : Nuclear Reactor.
Presentation Content.
Importance of Electrical Energy.
How To Generate Electrical Energy.
Fossil Fuel Problems.
Nuclear Energy.
Nuclear Fission Reaction.
Nuclear Reactor.
History of Nuclear Power Plant.
Types of Nuclear Reactor.
Nuclear Technology.
Application.
Energy is a Necessary Component of Any Society.
Since the dawn of man, energy has
played a vital role in survival.
All of the Earth’s various natural ecosystems are arranged in layers of efficient
energy consumption.
Countries rely on energy for production of goods and population growth, and always
will.
Management of available energy is dependent upon man’s foresight or negligence
…
Farms use a tremendous amount of energy in various forms to raise crops …
electricity help to regulate temperature and humidity in crop , fuel for tractors,
natural gas for fertilizer, and so on.
Everyone who eats, wears clothes, lives in a home, and reads the newspaper is
dependent upon agriculture.
How we can generate electrical energy.
Wind power plant .
Hydro electric power plant .
Solar power plant .
Coal thermal power plant .
Nuclear power plant .
GEO thermal power plant .
Tidal power plant .
Biomass power plant .
Fossil Fuel Pose Problem.
Coal, Oil and Natural Gas products are extremely widespread,
and in higher demand each passing day.
Supplies will eventually be depleted.
Use of these products are filling landfills, polluting land, rivers,
lakes, oceans, and air.
Burning these fuels produce excessive amounts of greenhouse
gases (CO2).
Failing to reduce these emissions may likely cause our global
climate to change … and if it changes, agriculture will definitely
change.
The average temp has risen 1.6 deg F since 1880, and at a
steep rate since 1960. To see NASA’s data on global temps.
Another energy source for under ground
but not form fossils.
As you recall, Fossil fuels are NON-renewable, and are
found beneath the Earth’s crust.
Fossil fuels do not burn clean.
Uranium is also mined from beneath the Earth’s
crust, and by controlling a reaction called “fission”,
tremendous heat can be achieved.
Nuclear fission of 6 grams of Uranium will produces
the amount of energy equivalent to that generated by
a ton of coil, 120 gallons of oil or 17,000 cubic feet of
natural gas.
Nuclear Fission Reaction.
If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles each generation. In
that case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in 80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole)
fissions. Energy Released from Each Fission is 200MeV
The chain reaction is of two types:
1. Uncontrolled chain reaction.
2. Controlled chain reaction
Controlled Chain Reaction.
Uncontrolled chain reaction.
Components of Nuclear Reactor.
Reactor core
Heat exchanger
Steam turbine
Moderator
Control rods
Coolant
Generator
Nuclear Reactor Working Diagram.
Histroy Of Nuclear Power Plant.
Electricity was generated for the first time ever by a nuclear
reactor on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental
station near Arco, Idaho in the United States.
On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant to
generate electricity for a power grid started operations at
Obninsk, USSR.
The world's first commercial scale power station,Calder Hall
in England opened in October 17, 1956.
On 4 August 1956, Nuclear Research Reactor APSARA was
commissioned by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
APSARA was the first Nuclear Research Reactor in India and
also Asia.
India’s First Nuclear Reactor Apsara.
Location of Nuclear Power Plant in India.
Nuclear Power Plant in India.
Types of Nuclear Reactor.
a) Boiling water reactor(BWR)
b) Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
c) Pressurized heavy power reactor (PHWR)
d) High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR)
e) Liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR)
f) Show turbine/generator plant common to all types
Nuclear Technology
Indian Technology World Technology
Pressurized Heavy Water Various types, including
Pressurized Water Reactors
Reactors (PHWR). (PWR), Boiling Water Reactors
(BWR), and Fast Breeder
Natural Uranium (U-238) with Reactors (FBR).
Heavy Water as moderator. Enriched Uranium (U-235) or
Plutonium-based fuels with light
Emphasis on inherent safety water as moderator.
features and passive Extensive reliance on active
systems. safety systems and redundant
safeguards.
Mostly smaller capacity Varied capacities, including both
reactors (<1,000 MWe). smaller and larger reactors.
Utilization of designs and
Focus on self-reliance and technologies from multiple
indigenous reactor designs. countries.
Nuclear Technology
Indian Technology World Technology
Ongoing Research & Collaborative Research &
Development among international
Development efforts to
partners to advance nuclear
improve indigenous technology.
technology.
Extensive international cooperation
Engages in nuclear and collaboration in reactor
cooperation with select technology.
countries. Various liability frameworks and
international conventions.
Nuclear Liability Act imposes
Varied approaches, including
specific liability clauses. reprocessing, deep geological
Emphasis on long-term repositories, and storage facilities.
storage and reprocessing. Advancements in Generation IV
reactors like Sodium-cooled Fast
Development of Advanced Reactors (SFR) and High-
Heavy Water Reactors Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGR).
(AHWR).
Applications.
Thank You.
