1. The classical model of blackbody radiation given by the Rayleigh-Jean law has two major flaws.
Identify them and explain how Plancks law with them. Ans:
Figure The first flaw is that the Rayleigh-Jeans law predicts that the intensity of short wavelength radiation emitted by a blackbody approaches infinity as the wavelength decreases. This is known as the ultraviolet catastrophe. The second flaw is the prediction of much more power out from a blackbody than is shown experimentally. The intensity of radiation from the blackbody is given by the area under the red I (, T) vs. curve in Figure in the feet, not by the area under the blue curve. Plancks Law dealt with both of these issues and brought the theory into agreement with the experimental data by adding an exponential term to the denominator that depends in 1/. This both keeps the predicted intensity from approaching infinity as the wavelength decrease and keeps the area under the curve finite. 2. Why does the existence of a cutoff frequency in the photoelectric effect favor a particle theory for light over a wave theory? Ans: Wave theory predicts that the photoelectric effect should occur at any frequency, provided the light intensity is high enough. However, as seen in the photoelectric experiments, the light must have a sufficiently high frequency for the effect to occur. 3. The human eye is most sensitive to 560 nm light. What is the temperature of a black body that would radiate most intensely at this wavelength? Ans: maxT = 2.89810-3 T=
2.89810;3 56010;9
= 5175 K
4. A black body at 7500 K consists of an opening of diameter 0.05 mm, looking into an oven. Find the number of photons per second escaping the hole and having wavelengths between 500 nm and 501 nm. Ans:
(, T) =
2hc2 5 (ekB T ;1)
hc
Plancks radiation law gives intensity-per-wavelength. Taking E to be the photon energy and n to be the number of photons emitted each second, we multiply by area and wavelength range to have energy-per-time leaving the hole: P=
2hc2 (2 ;1 )( )
5 2hc 2 d 2 2
: * 1 2 + (e[(1 :2 )kB T] ;1)
En = nhf where E = nhf =
2hc 1 :2
P 82 cd2 (2 1 ) n= = (1 + 2 )4 (e2hc/[(1:2 )kBT] 1 E =
82 (3108 )(510;5 ) (110;9 ) (100110;9 )4 (e[2(6.62610 15
;34 )(3108 )]/[((10010;9 )(1.3810;23 )(7.50103)] 2
;1)
= 1.3 10
;1
5. He radius of our Sun is 6.96 108 m, and its total power output is 3.85 1026 W. (a) Assuming the Suns surface emits as a black body, calculate its surface temperature. (b) Using the result of part (a), find max for the Sun. Ans: (a) P = AeT 4 T4 =
3.851026 5.6710;8 4(6.96108 )2
(b)
T = 5.78 103 K max T = 2.898 10;3 = 501 nm
6. Molybdenum has a work function of 4.20 eV. (a) Find the cutoff wavelength and cutoff frequency for the photoelectric effect. (b) What is the stopping potential if the incident light has a wavelength of 180 nm? Ans: (a) c = fc = (b)
hc hc
6.62610;34 3108 4.21.610;19
= 296 nm
c 3 108 = = 1.01 1015 Hz c 296 10;9
= + eVs :
6.626 10;34 3 108 = 4.2 1.6 10;19 + 1.6 10;19 Vs ;9 180 10 Vs = 2.70 eV 7. Two light sources are used in a photoelectric experiment to determine the work function for a particular metal surface. When green light from a mercury lamp ( = 546.1 nm) is used, a stopped potential of 0.376 V reduces the photocurrent to zero. (a) Based on this measurement, what is the work function for this metal? (b) What stopping potential would be observed when using the yellow light from a helium discharge tube ( = 587.5 nm)? Ans: (a) eVs = hf =
hc
eVs
(b)
6.626 10;34 3 108 = 1.6 10;19 0.376 ;9 546.1 10 = 1.9 eV eVs = hf eVs = eVs =
hc
1.9 1.6 10;19
6.62610;34 3108 587.510;9
Vs = 0.215 V
