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Lesson 5 - The Polarity of Molecule Based On Its Shape

This document discusses molecular polarity and the factors that determine it. It explains that a molecule's shape, based on the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, is the main factor in determining its polarity. The VSEPR theory states that electron pairs surrounding an atom will adopt a geometry that minimizes repulsion by spreading out as far from each other as possible. The molecular shape is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs, and whether this geometry is symmetrical or asymmetrical defines if the molecule has a dipole or not. The document then lists the common molecular shapes and provides steps to determine a molecule's structure using Lewis diagrams and VSEPR theory in order to classify its polarity.

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316 views22 pages

Lesson 5 - The Polarity of Molecule Based On Its Shape

This document discusses molecular polarity and the factors that determine it. It explains that a molecule's shape, based on the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, is the main factor in determining its polarity. The VSEPR theory states that electron pairs surrounding an atom will adopt a geometry that minimizes repulsion by spreading out as far from each other as possible. The molecular shape is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs, and whether this geometry is symmetrical or asymmetrical defines if the molecule has a dipole or not. The document then lists the common molecular shapes and provides steps to determine a molecule's structure using Lewis diagrams and VSEPR theory in order to classify its polarity.

Uploaded by

theresa balatico
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lesson 5:

The Polarity of
Molecule Based on
its Shape
Polar Non Polar

Symmetrical has electrical dipole dipole moment


Asymmetrical has no electrical dipole no dipole moment
Partially charged has no separation of charges mostly hydrocarbons
Factors Affecting the Polarity of Molecules:

• Polarity of Bonds based on


Electronegativity differences
• Geometrical Shape of the
molecules based on the VSEPR
Theory.
Carbon Dioxide (𝐶𝑂2 )
Water (𝐻2 𝑂)

Ammonia (N𝐻3 ) Methane (𝐶𝐻4 )


Molecular Geometry
• Also called molecular structure is the three-
dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule.
• The three-dimensional structure of a molecule is
determined by its valence electrons, not its nucleus or
the other electrons in the atoms.
• The valence electrons are the electrons that are most
frequently involved in creating bonds and making
molecules.
What determines
the Molecular
Structure of a
molecule?
Basic Concepts you need to remember!

1. Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)


Lone pairs

Bonding pairs
Basic Concepts you need to remember!

2. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion


(VSEPR) Theory.
VSEPR Theory
• The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)
theory is a model used to predict 3-D molecular
geometry based on the number of valence shell
electron bond pairs among the atoms in a
molecule or ion.
• This model assumes that electron pairs will arrange
themselves to minimize repulsion effects from one
another. In other words, the electron pairs are as far
apart as possible.
Key Ideas of the VSEPR Theory

1. Electron pair stay as far apart from each other as


possible to minimize repulsion.
2. Molecular shape is determined by the number of
bond pairs and lone pairs around the atom.
3. Treat multiple bonds as if they were single bonds(in
making prediction).
4. Lone pairs occupy more volume than bond pairs.
What are the
different Molecular
Shapes?
Steps to get the correct molecular shape and
finally identify the polarity of molecules:
[Link] the Lewis dot structure of the molecule.
[Link] out the molecular geometry (visualize
or draw using VSEPR theory).
[Link] which of these categories of shapes
your molecule falls into linear, tetrahedral,
trigonal planar, bent, trigonal pyramid,
trigonal bipyramidal, angular and octahedral.
MOLECULES LEDS 3D Structure What is the Polar or
shape of the Nonpolar?
molecule?

1. 𝑪𝑶𝟐
2. 𝑺𝑶𝟐
3. 𝑪𝑪𝒍𝟒
4. 𝑵𝑯𝟑
5. 𝑿𝒆𝑩𝒓𝟐 𝑭𝟒

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