NEW CENTENNIAL WATER SOURCE-

KALIWA DAM PROJECT

(NCWS-Kaliwa Dam Project)

EIS SUMMARY FOR THE

PUBLIC
(September 2019)
ENGLISH VERSION
 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT FACT SHEET

Project Name: New Centennial Water Source – Kaliwa Dam Project (NCWS-
KDP)
Description: Design and construction of a 60-meters high dam and a 27.70
kilometer raw water conveyance tunnel
Objective: Redundancy of water source and augmentation of water
supply to meet increasing demand
Benefits: Additional water supply of 600 million liters per day (600 MLD)
Location: Barangay Pagsangahan, General Nakar and Barangay
Magsaysay, Infanta, both in Quezon Province
Approvals: NEDA Board approval on 29 May 2014
NEDA Board approval on 27 June 2017 on the change of
project financing from PPP to ODA
Cost Estimate: Php 12.2 Billion
Funding Source: Official Development Assistance (ODA) – China Loan
Proposed Construction 2019 – 2024 (5 years)
Schedule:
Project Proponent: Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS)
Address: 489 Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City, Philippines
Authorized Representative: PDDG Reynaldo V. Velasco (Ret.), Administrator
Contact Details: Telephone number: +632 922 3757, 922 2969
Fax number: +632 921 2887
Website: [Link]
Email address: info@[Link]
EIA Preparer: JV EIA Team

The New Centennial Water Source – Kaliwa Dam Project was identified as part of the water
source augmentation measures under the Metro Manila Water Security Plan (MWSS, The World
Bank, 2012) and was originally a PPP Project launched in 2013. It is now being implemented
through ODA, with China Eximbank, under a Design Build Contract with CEEC as D&B Contractor.
This project is for the national government to provide redundancy of water source and
augmentation of water supply in order to meet the increasing demand in Metro Manila and
neighboring vicinities.

The KDP will provide for the construction of a concrete gravity dam along the Kaliwa River with a
dam height of 60 meters referred to a riverbed elevation of 100 meters. It will cover a reservoir
surface area of 291 hectares with a gross reservoir volume of 57 million m3 at full supply level. It
will also entail the construction of the following:

• A spillway at the right bank of Kaliwa River at elevation: 160+ meters.

• Diversion Tunnel: Two (2) at left abutment area of proposed dam
• Conveyance Tunnel: Length is 27.7 kilometers starting at invert level 120+ meters and
ends at a level of 95+ meters with a tunnel diameter of four (4) meters.

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

The maximum required flow is 2,400 MLD or 27.78 m3/sec.

The Water Treatment Plants is not part of the New Centennial Water Source Kaliwa Project as
this Project only covers the Dam and Reservoir and the Raw Water Conveyance System (Tunnel,
Portal and Stilling Basin). The two (2) WTPs will be the responsibility of the two (2)
concessionaires, Manila Water and Maynilad.

PROCESS DOCUMENTATION
The environmental impact assessment was undertaken based on the Procedural Manual for
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30) for the proposed project. The
resulting study was documented in the form of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report.
Minimum required by DENR-EMB for the issuance of an Environmental Compliance Certificate
(ECC) will be a detailed EIS. The EIS as outlined in the revised procedural manual was used as
basis in the conduct of this study.

The result of the EIS shall be used by the proponent as a tool in the formulation of appropriate
environmental management plan for the proposed project.

EIS TEAM
The EIA Team is composed of multi-disciplinary specialists with expertise in the conduct of
Environmental Impact Assessment, EIS and other environmental studies. The following are the
team composition.

Consultant Specialization
Noel M. Ortigas Team Leader
Carolyn DP. Barrias Environmental Specialist
Benigno V. Resurreccion Environmental Specialist
Verda I. Saw Sociologist
Erlinda Isla RAP Specialist
Bonifacio Pasion Terrestrial Flora Specialist/Biomass Expert
Abelardo Angadol Jr. Terrestrial Fauna Specialist
Ricardo Capule Air and Noise Quality Specialist
Leandro R. Agudo Geologist
Franklin S. Morales Hydrologist
Robert R. Pabiling Freshwater Specialist

EIS STUDY SCHEDULE

The team was assigned to conduct the EIS study from February 2019 to April 2019. Public
Consultations with Municipalities and Barangay Scopings were held on March 2019 and April
2019.

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Ocular inspection of the area to determine the exact location of the project site, to establish the
primary and secondary impact areas, the existing land uses, the receiving body of water,
ecological characteristics, geophysical feature, etc.
Both primary and secondary were collected and used in the environmental examination and
assessment of impacts of the project. Different methods were used in gathering primary and
secondary data:

• Meeting with the proponent and extensive discussion on the description of the project
• Technical Scoping and Public Consultations
• Gathering and review of secondary data from proponent, private and concern government
offices.
• Actual site investigation, focus group discussion and consultative meetings
• Mapping using GPS, compass, topographic and google maps
• Actual flora and fauna survey
• Actual investigation of socio-economic profile and gathering and review of secondary data

EIS STUDY AREA

The scope of the study focuses on the probable adverse impact that may occur during the
operation phase of the project on water, air, soil, health, people and the environment in general.
The impact prediction is based on similar, past actual eventuality and perceptions based on the
present physical condition of the environment.

An environmental study area (ESA) was delineated corresponding to the Direct Impact Area (DIA)
and the Secondary Impact Area (SIA).

The entire Kaliwa River Watershed, from its confluence with Kanan (where they become Agos
River all the way downstream) is 37,174 hectares. A total of 9,318 hectares comprises the
proposed Kaliwa Dam site upstream.
The DIA corresponds to the dam/reservoir structure sites including the conveyance tunnel route
alignment which is approximately 2,000 hectares. The SIA corresponds to the watershed of
Kaliwa River. The SIA also includes the valley section of Kaliwa River from the outlet of the
diversion tunnel to the mouth of the Agos River in Infanta, Quezon.

The Regional Impact Area (RIA) generally covers Metro Manila including Rizal and Cavite, which
are the potential beneficiaries of water distribution and the provinces of Quezon and Rizal.

The table below shows the location of each project structure and its impact area category.

Impact Area
Province/Municipality Location of Project Structures
Category*
A RIZAL
1. Tanay
>Daraitan Fringes of reservoir area to occupy DIA
portion of Tinipak
>Cayumbay, San Andres, Sampaloc Water conveyance facility/tunneling DIA
area
>So. Pantay, Buhangin Dalig, Conveyance tunnel (outlet) DIA
Teresa, Sampaloc

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Impact Area
Province/Municipality Location of Project Structures
Category*
>Watershed area part of the Protected Area under PD SIA
1636 and CADT
B QUEZON
1. General Nakar
>Pagsangahan Dam and reservoir area; diversion DIA
tunnel
>Watershed area Part of the Protected Area under PD SIA
1636 and CADT
>Town proper Flooding/disaster risk area SIA
2. Infanta
>Magsaysay Dam and reservoir area; spillway and DIA
intake area
>Watershed area part of the Protected Area under PD SIA
1636
>Town proper Flooding/disaster risk area SIA
* DIA refers to the direct impact area and SIA to secondary impact area

EIA METHODOLOGY
Scoping with DENR is usually done to define the range of actions, alternatives, and impacts that
are to be examined. The presented outline prepared by DENR in the Revised Procedural Manual
for DAO 03-30 was used as basis to determine the actual scope of this study. Table below
presents the different components and methodologies of the project.

Location and
Method of Data Method of
Study Module Scope and Coverage Size of Study
Gathering Assessment
Area
Socioeconomics Demographic profiles Key informant interviews Direct impact Quantitative and
Regional/local / focus group area qualitative analysis
economy discussions Secondary of secondary data
Livelihood Socioeconomic survey impact area and information
Employment (SES) Regional gathered from
Income levels Informal consultations impact area consultations and
IP, culture and Secondary data interviews;
lifestyles Perception survey process
Social services and Unstructured group evaluation;
infrastructure interviews analysis of SES
Social organizations Site observations and perception
Social benefits survey results;
Social issues/ anthropological
concerns observations
Air/Noise Quality Air quality (SPM, SO2, Air and noise sampling; Direct and Laboratory
NO2) secondary Secondary analysis of air
Background meteorological data impact area samples and
meteorology comparison with
Noise levels DENR air quality
standards; noise
level readings and
interpretation;
analysis of area

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Location and
Method of Data Method of
Study Module Scope and Coverage Size of Study
Gathering Assessment
Area
sources of
emissions
Soils, Land Use Vegetation and land Site reconnaissance Direct, Landsat imagery
and Watershed use Review of secondary Secondary interpretation;
Management Soil profile and their data and Regional mapping of soil
properties Auger borings and dug impact area units, land use,
Slope pits vegetation, slope
Erosion susceptibility Soil sampling and erosion;
Agriculture Informal interviews analysis of soil
Kaliwa Dam watershed sampling results;
analysis of existing
agricultural
practices;
determination of
extent of erosion
susceptibility
Water Quality Physico-chemical river water quality Kaliwa River Laboratory
parameters of surface sampling (TSS/TDS, analysis of water
waters– Class A/DAO DO, BOD, coliform, samples;
2016-08 pesticides, nitrate, comparison of
Beneficial water uses phosphate, sulfate) results with river
water quality
standards for
beneficial water
uses in the areas
Terrestrial Species composition Informal interviews Direct Impact Species
Vegetation and and biodiversity Ethnobiological survey Area composition vis-à-
Wildlife assessment Transect walks vis species
Profiling of vegetation Secondary data diversity,
and wildlife General field endemism and
Characterization of observations conservation
various ecosystem Species inventory status for wildlife;
types Establishing the
degree of
disturbance and
species
abundance for
vegetation
Risk Assessment Risks associated with Secondary data Direct Impact Analysis of
the construction and Field observations Area and secondary data
operation of the Kaliwa Review of geology and Secondary vis-à-vis proposed
Dam and Reservoir hydrology modules Impact Area structures and
geological profile
of the area;
mapping
interpretation
Geology and Regional and local Regional mapping, Environmental Analysis of
Hazards geology Field observations and study area; primary and
Geologic hazards actual field traverses regional secondary data;
Geomorphology Secondary data geological identification of
Lithology setting hazards;
Seismicity assessment of the
Engineering geology engineering

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Location and
Method of Data Method of
Study Module Scope and Coverage Size of Study
Gathering Assessment
Area
geology of the
structure sites
Hydrology Climate/rainfall Secondary data Direct Impact Water balance
patterns (long-term) Ocular inspection Area and analysis using the
River discharge Flow measurements Secondary NHRC Watershed
Flood flow analysis Impact Area Hydrologic Model;
Water balance flood analysis
utilizing USACE
HEC-RAS model
Aquatic Ecology Plankton Key informant interviews Direct Impact Quantitative and
Macrobenthos Fish collection and Area qualitative analysis
Species composition identification of data gathered
and ecological status Plankton/macro- from sampling/
Fishery and other invertebrate sampling collection and
aquatic resources Secondary data interviews;
determination of
important species;
analysis of project
implications on
aquatic life

SUMMARY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Apparently, majority of the affected people were aware of the Kaliwa project for quite sometimes,
but their knowledge of the project is tied up with the Laiban Dam project originally planned in the
area and the present issue they have in the Umiray Project. However, when given the right
information about the project and provide them with regular venue to raise their issues and
concerns, their acceptance of the project will not be difficult to obtain.

The results of the focus group discussions and individual interviews of the affected people and
the chieftains revealed that their opposition to the project is centered on losing their homes and
livelihood opportunities. They have resigned themselves that the government has the right to take
over their lands, but they also expect to be justly compensated for their vegetation which has
become their source of income and daily food consumption. Although there are a few hard-core
oppositionists including some politicians using the issue as their campaign slogan, majority are
still willing to listen and open for negotiation.

The issues and concerns raised during the public scoping meetings and focus group discussion
on the Kaliwa Dam Project are summarized as follows:

From the IP stakeholders (on compensatory mechanisms to affected families):

• Loss of sacred burial sites, fishing and hunting grounds for IPs which have significant
cultural value to them and as sources of their livelihood. There is fear that there will be
nothing left for the future generation of IPs for life and survival.
• IP customary laws and NCIP guidelines pertinent to consultations prior to studies and
FPIC should be respected and not bypassed by MWSS. Also related to this is the issue

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

on transparency and right to be informed of the status of the project including the result of
the EIA; consultation should not only be at the start but up to the end.
• Before embarking on the Kaliwa Dam Project, MWSS should first settle its obligations to
the people of General Nakar (mostly IPs) on the Umiray Transbasin Project to show its
sincerity in fulfilling its commitment to the people in the area; disappointment on MWSS
had been raised because of alleged non-payment of compensation of affected families in
said project.
• Benefits that should accrue to the IPs and other affected persons should be clearly laid
out within a given time frame and should include compensatory schemes in form of
education, livelihood, relocation and others. This should be fulfilled to show that MWSS is
sincere and take them seriously.

From water users/watershed stakeholders in the SIA (on water use conflicts and watershed
management):

• Why not explore and/or harness other alternative sources of water like the existing Wawa
Dam or why not tap other options outside of the planned NCWSP as the solution to the
problem of Metro Manila.
• Issue of compromising the water security of Infanta. It also needs water for irrigation and
domestic use not just Metro Manila. Infanta taps ground water for its domestic water needs.
If the dam pushes through, the supply of water from Agos River could be affected and
could in turn affect groundwater availability over time. Indications of decreasing water
availability are now being experienced.
• Irrigation system in Infanta, where General Nakar source its rice and the rice basket of
Quezon province, could be affected and could also affect the planned irrigation system in
Nakar (which would irrigate some 500 ha of agricultural land).
• How much water would be left to the SIA if the project is implemented
• The long-term thrust for water security is watershed management not construction of dams.
• The good side of the project is it can arrest or combat illegal activities in the forest
especially logging. The massive flooding experienced in 2004 is a result of the destruction
of the watershed as there were no dams yet at that time.
• Construction of dam will not solve the logging problem, deprivation of water for the people
of Infanta is the issue of which compensatory measures should be laid out to determine
what benefits would accrue to the locals in exchange for what they will lose.
• Issue of sustainability of the project given watershed condition and various water use
allocation.

From downstream communities in the SIA (on potential risks):

• Perceived high risk involved compared to whatever benefits that would be given. Infanta,
which is a catch basin and a flood-hazard zone area, is much concerned about possible
releases of water during typhoon events and dam break as it will compromise people’s
lives and properties including livelihood.

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

• The project could strengthen and/or build-up the capacity of Infanta for disaster risk
preparedness and management.
• Since this is a national project, the question is whether it will be pursued if there is strong
opposition from the affected communities.

The issues/concerns generated in the scoping were further reinforced, distilled and particularized
during the series of FGD/KI sessions with different stakeholder groups. The same forum was also
used to gather additional concerns and explore options and ideas from the stakeholders on how
to address them.

The results of the barangay consultations in the DIA as they apply to the Kaliwa Dam are
summarized as follows:

a) Resettlement
• Compensation and entitlements for affected families
• Assurance of home lots and farm lots for eligible families with appropriate tenurial
security
• 100% full payment of compensation for lost assets, prior to transfer/relocation
• Assurance of livelihood opportunities for men and women at the relocation site (i.e.,
farming, livestock raising)
• Educational assistance/scholarship programs for students
b) Gender Concerns
• Ensure livelihood opportunities for women (i.e., farming, handicrafts-making, etc.)
• Ensure access to water for domestic use (i.e., laundry, dish washing, cooking,
house cleaning, backyard gardening, etc.)
• Impact on the role of women in farming activities
c) Indigenous Peoples’ concerns
• Compensation for lost assets
• Access to land and water/river resources to continue their means of livelihood (i.e.,
fishing and farming) and other socio-cultural activities should be assured at the
relocation site
• Majority of the IPs are not used to settling together with the lowland residents, and
this should be considered in the resettlement plan, if any
• CADT has recently been awarded; the FPIC process should be respected and
adhered to
• Explore possible watershed co-management arrangement with IPs, which most
likely would affect and change their farming practices (i.e., slash and burn method
or kaingin)
• Prioritization of IPs and affected residents in the employment opportunities of the
project
• Benefit-sharing between MWSS and IPs
• IP representatives should have active participation in the project
d) Environmental impacts

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

•
Exploring possible co-management arrangements with the affected barangays,
especially with peoples’ organizations engaged in watershed management
• Implications on DENR’s national greening program in the area
e) Environmental concerns
• There are a number of potential eco-tourism sites within the area (i.e., falls, caves)
• The initial partnerships forged with the private sectors will be affected
f) Benefit-sharing
• Benefit-sharing arrangement between MWSS and the affected barangays
g) Legal
• Complex land ownership arrangements (i.e., ‘rights’ arrangement through
Barangay Certification, possibly covered under ancestral domain land or
timberland or Kaliwa Watershed reserve, and an overlap of two or three
proclamations)

EIA SUMMARY
1.8.1 Summary of Alternatives

Of all the alternatives for a new major water source of water for Metro Manila and its adjacent
provinces, the Kaliwa River through the Kaliwa Dam is the most promising. Kaliwa Dam would
maximize supply output but would entail the least habitat disruption and resettlement. It was
observed that the development of the Kaliwa Dam is more viable and manageable and can
immediately address the projected short-term water supply deficit of Metro Manila in the near
future.

The two (2) options that were considered for the Kaliwa Dam before - a temporary dam or a
permanent dam. The temporary dam option was considered as an initial development prior to the
proposed Agos Dam, which would eventually lead to the submergence of the low dam. The
permanent dam option however would play a long-term role in the stream diversion on the Kaliwa
River. The latter was opted, and its development is mutually exclusive of the Agos Dam.

Several alternative options for dam configurations were determined for the Kaliwa Dam. After
careful consideration and discussion with MWSS, the Kaliwa Dam configuration was selected
based on the following advantages:

• No flooding of Daraitan due to a designed Full Supply Level (FSL) of 160 meters.
• Kaliwa Dam sufficiently high (60 meters) to minimize risk of significant impact of
siltation/sedimentation on the reservoir capacity
• Potential to augment (600 MLD) a possible water supply deficit in Metro Manila and
neighboring vicinities by the year 2020

Alternative dam height and dam design options were likewise evaluated for the Kaliwa Dam that
would maximize supply output but would entail the least habitat disruption and resettlement.
Various types of dams were taken into consideration in the design of the Kaliwa Dam. These

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

include concrete gravity dam and central-core rock-fill dam with either an asphalt core or a clay
core to secure water tightness. Also, a roller compacted concrete (RCC) type of dam was
considered. Each of these dam types has its specific characteristics, both advantages and
disadvantages.

However, based on the conditions at the proposed site of the Kaliwa Dam, the concrete gravity
dam type has been selected due to the abundance of rock in the project site that can be used as
a construction material. The dam height of 60 meters referred to a riverbed elevation of 99 meters
was found to be the most economically and environmentally viable yielding a gross volume of 57
million m3 at full supply level or a maximum flow of 2,400 MLD or 27.78 m3/sec.

Based on the hydrological data from various studies, it was assessed and concluded that the
Kaliwa Dam can deliver the 600 MLD with sufficient reliability. Clearly, it is observed that dam can
address the possible water supply deficit in Metro Manila in the year 2020. The design of the dam
and conveyance structures was completed based on the basis of the new design configuration
and hydrologic assumptions.

The distance of the Kaliwa Dam site from active earthquake generators has made it less
susceptible to ground rupture. Based on the regional assessment of the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau (MGB), the mountainous terrain where the proposed engineering structure sites will be
constructed has a high susceptibility to landslides. A closer assessment indicated that the
selected sites for the dam, spillway and tunnels are underlain by competent foundation materials
with visually stable slopes. Accordingly, earthquake-induced landslides are not likely to occur.
Geotechnical investigation must be conducted to quantify this assessment. There are no
volcanoes within the region which can potentially affect the structure sites via eruption or lahar
flows. Being located inland, the project area is not vulnerable to storm surges and tsunamis. Both
hazards take place in coastal areas during typhoons and after major seismic events, respectively.

Summary of Baseline Characterization, Key Environmental Impacts and Management and

Monitoring Plan

Ecosystem Integrated Key Findings/Conclusions Environmental Quality Status

Land Regionally, the proposed Kaliwa is located within Geomorphologic processes

the Southern Sierra Madre sub-province of the indicate erosion occurring along
Eastern Physiographic Province and on the exposed areas of higher
eastern edge of the Southwest Luzon Highlands. elevation; scouring along stream
and riverbanks and mass
The Island of Luzon where the Kaliwa is to be movements involving mainly
sited occupies the northern section of the residual and colluvial materials
Philippine mobile belt and would thus be which mantle the slopes. Local
potentially affected by major earthquake slides were noted upstream of
generators, particularly the Philippine Fault the proposed damsite. The
Zone. Kaliwa Delta and the main
channel of Kaliwa River are
The sites of the proposed engineering structures regularly subjected to flooding of
are susceptible in varying degrees to the natural varying degrees and to siltation.
processes of erosion, siltation, mass movement,

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Ecosystem Integrated Key Findings/Conclusions Environmental Quality Status

flooding and seismic related hazards. Vegetation is largely

Earthquakes could bring about ground shaking characteristic of an
that could affect the stability of the dam and agroecosystem landscape
tunnels. However, they are not susceptible to dominated by cultivated
ground shaking. agricultural crops with remnants
of natural forests along the steep
Four soil types were identified, which are slopes of the river. Vegetation
residual in character mainly derived from the and wildlife reflect the current
weathering of underlying igneous and state of watershed
sedimentary rocks. They have varying degrees disturbance/deterioration but still
of erosion susceptibility with most of those areas exhibit high plant diversity
under kaingin and mixed shrubs/grasses on especially along the riparian
shallow soils and above >18% slope exhibiting zone. Present wildlife generally
high susceptibility to erosion. concurs with the present habitat
type.
Result of the flora and fauna study revealed that
overall, the studied area within Kaliwa watershed
and along the conveyance tunnel have
considerable flora and fauna biodiversity.
However, plot-level biodiversity was relatively
low, which can be due to open ecosystems
mostly covered in the study. Despite this, there
are number of key important species recorded.
Relative to the presented result of terrestrial flora
and fauna survey, it is necessary to consider
during the detailed planning design of the project
the inclusion of the recommended mitigating
measures to minimize project impacts to flora
and fauna and in the surrounding environment.
Further, this information could also assist in the
conduct of further studies on how we could
effectively and sustainably manage and/or
improve the ecosystems in the project area.
The Kaliwa watershed supports a variety of
wildlife, most of which are common
resident/native and endemic species closely
associated with an agricultural area with forest
remnants. Species diversity of birds range from
moderate to high with 11 noteworthy species
identified based on endemicity and conservation
status.

The watershed area of the Kaliwa covers around

9,318.3 hectares within the municipalities of
Tanay, Rizal and General Nakar, Quezon. The
downstream SIA corresponds to the barangays
of General Nakar along the confluence of Kaliwa
and Kanan rivers on to the Agos river which
meanders through the entire stretch of Infanta up
to the coastal areas along the Pacific Ocean.

Portions of the project area lies within the

ancestral domain (AD) of the Dumagat-

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Ecosystem Integrated Key Findings/Conclusions Environmental Quality Status

Remontado IPs covered by two Certificate of

Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) proclamations
and thus governed by the IPRA law (RA 8371).

Encompassed by the ADs are the Kaliwa

Watershed and its river systems with several
identified sacred sites where they source their
drinking water, lead the sick to be healed,
conduct baptismal rites and rituals and bury their
dead
Water Long-term monthly and annual climatic water The estimated minimum flow is
balance computations confirm that the area has equivalent to 124 MLD, which
a positive net rainfall or water surplus during the means that the minimum
whole year. The 80% dependable flow is environmental flow of 80 MLD is
equivalent to about 800MLD. exceeded all the time under
existing stream flow conditions.
The water quality sampling in 4 selected river
stations representing the dry season condition Water quality in general
for physico-chemical parameters show that all conforms to class A waters but
are within the Class A standards. DO levels are presence of coliform bacteria
high while BOD levels in all stations are low indicates that pathogenic
indicating a well aerated and unpolluted river microorganisms might pose a
waters. Bacteriological analysis, however, health risk, especially if water is
showed that total and fecal coliform levels in the to be used for human
midstream and downstream stations did not consumption.
conform to the standards for Class A waters.
These suggest that the river is being used by Aquatic flora and fauna reflective
some households for sewage disposal and/or of good water quality and
animal feces noting the presence of a small suitability for survival of aquatic
community in the area and domestic animals. life.

Air Results of air quality for all parameters Air quality within DENR
measured at six (6) sites are compared with standards except for SO2 at
National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values ASS5; noise level exceeded the
(NAAQGV) of Republic Act 8749 or known as limit for residential areas along
Philippine Clean Air Act. All parameters tested the sampling sites due to sound
are within the allowable limits except for the SO2 system, constant vehicle traffic at
(µg/Ncm) at ASS5. the road nearby, dogs, roosters,
videoke and from residential
area.

People The host LGUs of the Kaliwa Dam are mostly There are several families that
categorized as first class in terms of income but would be likely affected by the
still retain a large proportion of rural areas with project. These families are typical
economic base anchored mainly on agriculture of rural poor communities
and fishery. The DIA is more rural, largely subsisting on agriculture (largely
inaccessible and sparsely populated. The PSA kaingin farming) and gathering of
2015 Census reflects the household monthly forest products for livelihood and
income. A significant majority (53%) have a income. Except for a nearby
monthly income of Php 5,000 and below. elementary school, their remote
Following the Region IV-A poverty statistics location limits their access to
figures, the annual per capita poverty threshold basic social services, which can

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Ecosystem Integrated Key Findings/Conclusions Environmental Quality Status

was estimated at P 9,063.75, a month for a be reached mainly by foot, horse

family of five, or Php60.43 per day per person or via the river.
which means that a family with an average of five
(5) members should have a monthly income of
P4,000 to meet basic food and non-food basic
needs. A monthly income below Php 4,000 per
household is already considered living below the
poverty threshold. It was estimated that about
45% of the affected households in Gen. Nakar is
considered poor while Magsaysay, Infanta
posted an annual income of each household
ranging from P5,000.00 to P10,000.00.

Portions of the project area lies within the

ancestral domain (AD) of the Dumagat-
Remontado IPs covered by two Certificate of
Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) proclamations
and thus governed by the IPRA law (RA 8371).

1.8.2 Summary of Key Impacts and Mitigating Measures

It has been determined that most of the negative impacts will be during construction phase In
terms of environmental impacts, the main components that need to be managed are:
compensation and relocation of displace residence and structures, dust and noise suppression,
traffic management. Positive Impacts is expected during Operation Phase.

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact
The Land/Water
Terrain modification, Formulation, implementation and strict monitoring of materials
soil displacement, mgt.
and erosion (+S) Scheduling of earthworks, whenever possible during the dry
season
Identification of appropriate sites for placement of excavated
materials
Possible use of excavated materials as part of foundation of
Pre-
structures where design allows
Construction/
Immediate revegetation of exposed areas not allocated for
Construction
engineering structures
Use of silt ponds or traps around work areas; monitoring
Excavated materials can be reused by the LGUs in other
construction projects upon their request
Impacts on Land Use Close coordination with LGU for land use planning
Strict adherence to the zoning in the area
Immediately Restore the adjacent areas temporarily use
Encroachment to Ensure compatibility of management plan to the existing
ECA management plans under proclamations

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact

Impairment of visual Engineering solutions will be proposed and implemented to not

aesthetics affect or lessen the effect of the project unto Tinipak and other
tourist/sacred sites.

Slope destabilization Conduct extensive geologic and geotechnical studies of structure

(MS) sites
Slope stability analysis inputted into design
Deployment of experienced engineering geologist or geotechnical
engineer at site
Use of appropriate slope stability measures such as rock bolts,
shotcreting, etc.
Mobilization of Laying the road networks on areas without forest cover or areas
construction with minimal forest cover
equipment and Identification and marking of ecologically/ economically important
workers which will species
require vegetation If feasible, earth-balling and avoid cutting ecologically important
clearing to facilitate species identified in the area, potential mother trees for these
movement. species shall be located and seeds/propagules shall be collected,
to serve as genetic source for these important species
Trampling of Avoidance of unnecessary clearing
understorey Localized movement of equipment and personnel
vegetation Vegetation to be cleared should be properly delineated to avoid
unnecessary clearing
Clearing of vegetation
growing in the
proposed access
road
Increase in noise Scheduling of earthmoving and construction activities during
level, generation of daytime
suspended Sprinkling of water stockpiles of excavated and construction
particulates and materials
gaseous emissions Proper materials handling; installation of mufflers for vehicles
(MS) Provision of protective gear for workers; monitoring
Deterioration of river Proper materials handling; monitoring
water quality (MS) Strict enforcement of solid and liquid management at the
construction site
Increase in solid Strict enforcement of solid and liquid management at the
waste generation construction site
(MS) Provision of waste bins, regular waste collection and disposal to a
sanitary landfill
Reuse of construction debris which meets foundation
requirements
Orientation of construction workers on proper waste management
Permanent loss, Identification and marking of ecologically/ economically important
disturbance to species
existing vegetation Collection of seeds/propagules of important species for
(MS) propagation in other areas
Delineation of areas for vegetation removal and earthmoving
Immediate progressive rehabilitation using appropriate species at
cleared areas not designated for engineering structures

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact
Inclusion of project site in the MWSS Million Tree Challenge
Program
Death, disturbance Restoration/rehabilitation of areas at higher elevations
and displacement of Delineation of areas for vegetation removal and earthmoving
wildlife species;
destruction or
damage to habitat
(MS)
Disturbance of aquatic Erosion control of excavated materials and stockpiles
habitat death or Monitoring; provision of passageways through the structures for
temporary migratory species
displacement of
species (MS)
Loss of Biomass and implementing a forest restoration plan
Carbon
Increase in ambient In order to minimize the abovementioned pollution and harms,
noise level control measures may be taken in action:
Equipment and machinery in good quality will be purchased and
operated, as well as full maintenance, to ensure fuel fully
combusted for standard emission.
Under the instruction of the Employer’s delegated representative,
flammable wastes, solid garbage, office and maintenance wastes
that need to have combustion treatment will be burned at
approved time and place.
Watering may be needed for keeping moist to minimize the
powders in excavation areas.
Transportation vehicles with sideboards will be covered by
waterproof tarpaulin when transporting in bulk.
All access roads at construction areas will be kept clean and being
watered to minimize the dusts when vehicles pass.
Much disposal areas will be equipped with watering systems so as
to minimize the raise dusts. Watering is also needed when it’s
windy and gusty.
Workmen will wear dustproof masks where dusts are more likely
to generate.
Dusts reducing system will be installed in areas where dusts and
smokes are more likely to generate such as gravel crushing
plants, sieving plants and cement filling plants.
Regular dusts and powders investigation will be carried out to
ensure standard emission is reached as per the laws and
regulations of the Philippines Government.
Increase in ambient In order to minimize disturbs and hazard of local residents and
noise level workmen, control measures will be taken implemented:
Relatively fixed locations such as compressor room, framework
fabrication plants, concrete batching plants and gravel processing
plants will choose to be far away from inhabitants. Noise insulating
shelters will be installed to insulate noises from mixers, concrete
pumps, electric saws and large compressors. If necessary, sound
walls are necessary where construction takes place in residential
areas. Noise refresh rooms will be installed for workmen in these
areas.

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact
Mufflered or lower noised equipment and machinery will be used
as much as possible.
Strict timing will be set when construction takes place nearby
inhabitants, no later than 22.00pm and no earlier than 6.00am.
Necessary negotiation with local people will be made where
construction demands 24 hours shift. Control measures against
noise will be carried out as per government laws and regulations.
When blasting, amicable communication with local residents is a
must. Security will warn unrelated persons to avoid hazard of loud
explosion.
Daily exposure of one single workman will be controlled under the
noise louder than 80 decibels. Workmen in noisy areas will wear
ear plugs.
Contractors shall be required to ensure that construction
equipment and vehicles are in a good state of maintenance.
Workers are required to wear Personal Protective Equipment such
as earplugs or earmuff during activities that have impact on noise
like drillings.
The People
Loss of land/farm area, Continuing IEC/consultations to update status of RAP and
properties, crops and negotiate with remaining AF/IPs on relocation, valuation and
community facilities compensation based on RAP review.
including traditional Secure FPIC for IP-specific RAP concerns
access to these areas Active and full coordination with the National Commission on
and attendant Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
dislocation and loss of Finalize RAP incorporating refinements based on agreements with
income due to ROW remaining group (who still have reservations on the compensatory
acquisition (MS) measures proposed)
Increase in Ensure that benefits of employment will accrue to affected groups
employment Consider also other qualified community members, where
opportunities and appropriate to spread the benefits to the community
benefit sharing (+MS) Contractors to orient workers on desirable working relationships
especially if there is migrant labor
Increase in livelihood MWSS to adopt policy requiring as much as possible sourcing or
and business purchase of construction supply requirements from locally
opportunities (+MS) available sources within Tanay, General Nakar and Infanta or the
province
Food requirements of migrant workers/staff to be supplied locally
Potential health, Temporary housing facilities for contractors provided with
sanitation and safety adequate water and sanitation facilities
problems (NS) Contractors to implement proper solid waste management in the
work site, workers will be oriented to observe proper hygiene and
sanitation practices and provided with appropriate protection
gears while working
Construction areas to be enclosed as necessary and provided with
appropriate signage to avoid accidents from curious residents and
workers
Loss of Navigational A temporary mooring facility for the rafts and bangkas to be
Access (MS) installed in the vicinity of the upstream cofferdam. An access road
from this point to Sitio Queborosa shall be provided
Operation The Land

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact
Submergence of some Improvement of access/maintenance of remaining caves and
springs and caves in springs
Daraitan (MS)
Decrease of flooding Dam will lessen the amount of flood waters that can reach the
of downstream areas downstream area
(+MS)
Disruption of migration Provision of structures that will allow upstream and downstream
pattern of aquatic movement of migratory aquatic species
organisms (MS)
Habitat loss and Restoration/rehabilitation of areas at higher elevations
fragmentation (MS) MOA executed with General Nakar for watershed management.
For Infanta, same MOA will be executed
Large-scale clearing of Progressive rehabilitation methods must be done to ensure that
vegetations that are no large tracts of land will be devoid of vegetation to minimize
present within the microclimate change in the locale
construction areas Conserve as much forests areas within the project site which is
not be intended for development, this could serve as biological
Removal of corridor and refuge area for the wildlife to be displaced
photosynthesizing Forest rehabilitation will focus on a progressive reforestation
plants will affect CO2 program. Progressive means step-by-step reforestation program.
sequestration causing This can be done by first planting pioneer species and more light
some degree of effect tolerant species to ameliorate soil productivity and initial
on the microclimate vegetation cover. Second, the slow growing, light intolerant and
climax species can be introduced in the reforestation area as the
Altered movements program progresses.
and dispersal of
wildlife, and invasion of
non-native and
degraded habitat-
associated species
The Water
Water use conflict Formulate water allocation policy to be implemented during
temporary drought period under the strict supervision of the
National Water Resources Board (NWRB) and coordination with
the National Irrigation Administration (NIA)
Establish hydrologic monitoring network consisting of rainfall and
river gauges and streamflow discharges at the Kaliwa Dam
watershed area
Watershed management program
Loss of food source Establish permanent mooring facility for bangkas at a safe
and navigational distance from the dam and spillway. Construct an all-weather road
access from Daraitan from this point to Sitio Queborosa to complete the Daraitan-
to Sitio Queborosa Queborosa linkage
(MS) Put in place navigational safety features and regulations in the
vicinity of the diversion tunnel, dam and spillway
Provide alternative fishing livelihood outside of the reservoir area

Increased Water Implement RAP properly and formulate benefit sharing schemes
Supply for Metro for the host LGUs so that the benefit will not only accrue to Metro
Manila, Cavite and Manila and environs but also to the impacts LGUs and
Rizal (+S) communities; and improve credibility of MWSS thru effective

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Environmental
Phase/Envtl Component/Degree Mitigation/Enhancement Measure
Aspect of Impact
communication plan coupled with sustained actions to
demonstrate sincerity and commitment to fulfill its obligations to
generate goodwill and social acceptability; monitor RAP
The People
Increased Sharing of benefits from employment between affected and non-
employment affected groups
opportunities (+S)
Increased revenues Use revenue generated from project to improve social services
for LGUs (+S) and infrastructures in the DIA
Increased migration Concerned LGUs (barangay and municipal/city) to regulate
and population (MS) encroachment in watershed areas (forestland) through proper
zoning and enforcement in conjunction with the PA Management
Plan
LGUs to adequately plan/provide for social services and
infrastructures including health services, waste management and
facilities and road network

1.8.3 Summary of Compliance Monitoring

Project Phase Parameter Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (PhP)

Pre-Construction/Construction Phase

> Right of way The Land

acquisition Contractor's Construction Before MWSS/Contrac Part of MWSS
> Site surveys, Material sites construction tor supervision cost
design Handling/ Site especially for
> Excavation Protection dam, tunnels,
works Program spillway
> Foundation Slope profile and Abutments of 2x a week Construction Part of CC Cost
works signs of instability Kaliwa Dam, during Contractor
> Grading and tunnel portals, construction
compaction spillway area
> Vegetation River water Dam site and Monthly MMT P250,000.00/year
clearing/cutting quality-DO, pH, at least 100 m
TSS, TDS, BOD, upstream and
conductivity, total downstream of
and fecal coliform dam site area
Freshwater Biota Dam site and At least semi- MWSS P250,000.00/year
Monitoring – at least 100 m annually (wet
Plankton, upstream and and dry
Macroinvertebrat downstream of season)
es and Fish – dam site area
Species
Composition and
abundances
On site materials Structure sites 2x a week MWSS/MMT Part of CC Cost
handling
Tree Kaliwa Dam, Monthly during DENR/MMT P100,000.00
cutting/removal of tunnel intake civil works
vegetation phase

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Phase Parameter Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (PhP)

and outlet,
spillway area
The People
RAP Kaliwa Dam Before MMT P100,000.00
implementation and reservoir relocation
Local DIA-wide Quarterly MWSS/MMT P50,000.00
employment focused on
downstream
areas

Operation and Maintenance Phase

> Dam The Land

operation Dam stability Kaliwa Dam, Daily MWSS/Dam Part of O & M cost
> Treatment monitoring spillway area operator
facility parameters and
operation instrumentation:
Alignment (Total
station, GPS,
laser)
Rotation
(Inclinometer, tilt
meter)
Differential
movement (Strain
gage,
extensometer, tilt
meter)
Water pressure
(Piezometer,
pressure gauge,
observation well)
Stress and strain
(Total pressure
cell, strain meter)
Internal
temperature
(Thermocouple,
thermistor)
Seepage quantity
(Weir, flume, flow
meter, calibrated
container)
Seepage quality
(Turbidity meter)
Anchor load
retention (Load
cell, jack and
pressure gage)
Earthquake
response (Strong
motion
accelerometer)

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 Environmental Impact Statement: NCWS -KDP

Project Phase Parameter Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (PhP)

River water Reservoir area Monthly MWSS/Dam P250,000.00/year
quality - pH, DO, operator
BOD, TSS/TDS,
Total/fecal
coliform, NPK and
pesticides, heavy
metal
Area Kaliwa Dam Annually DENR/MMT Part of
reforested/covere area Watershed
d and % of Management
survival Program

The People

RAP Kaliwa Dam A year after MMT Part of RAP

implementation and spillway relocation and monitoring cost
area, reservoir compensation
area

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