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O Level ICT: Booting Process Steps

The document summarizes the six main steps in the booting process: 1. BIOS and the setup program load from ROM and allow access to hardware settings. 2. POST conducts tests on hardware and checks for errors, producing beeps or messages if issues arise. 3. The operating system loads from a storage location specified in CMOS and its kernel loads into memory, taking control of the computer. 4. System configuration occurs through the registry loading drivers and configuring peripherals. 5. System utilities like volume control and antivirus software load into memory. 6. Users authenticate through username and password before the user interface enables interaction with programs.

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87 views2 pages

O Level ICT: Booting Process Steps

The document summarizes the six main steps in the booting process: 1. BIOS and the setup program load from ROM and allow access to hardware settings. 2. POST conducts tests on hardware and checks for errors, producing beeps or messages if issues arise. 3. The operating system loads from a storage location specified in CMOS and its kernel loads into memory, taking control of the computer. 4. System configuration occurs through the registry loading drivers and configuring peripherals. 5. System utilities like volume control and antivirus software load into memory. 6. Users authenticate through username and password before the user interface enables interaction with programs.

Uploaded by

smpgourab2001
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NIELIT Gorakhpur

Course Name: O Level (2nd Sem) Subject: ICT


Topic: Booting Process[continued] Date: 26-03-20
Steps in the Booting Process:-
Booting is a process of switching on the computer and starting the operating
system. Six steps of the booting process are BIOS and Setup Program, The Power-
On-Self-Test (POST), The Operating system Loads, System Configuration, System
Utility Loads and Users Authentication.

1: BIOS and Setup Program


2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
3: The Operating System (OS) Loads
4: System Configuration
5: System Utility Loads
6: Users Authentication
Step 1: BIOS and Setup Program
 ROM (read-only memory): it is a permanent and unchanging memory also
 BIOS (basic input/output system ): the part of the system software that
includes the instructions that the computer uses to accept input and output
 Load: to transfer from a storage device to memory. The ROM loads BIOS into
the computer’s memory
 Setup program: a special program containing settings to control hardware.
Furthermore, the program can only be accessed while the BIOS information is
visible
Step 2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
 POST (Power-On Self-Test): a series of tests conducted on the computer’s
main memory, input/output devices, disk drives, and the hard disk.
 BIOS conducts Power-On-Self-Test to check the input/ output system for
operability.
 The computer will produce a beeping sound if any problem occurs. An error
message will also appear on the monitor
Step 3: The Operating System (OS) Loads
 BIOS searches for the operating system.
 Setting in CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor determines where
to look for the operating system.
 In this step, the operating system’s kernel is also loaded into the computer’s
memory.
 The operating system takes control of the computer and begins loading system
configuration information.
Step 4: System Configuration
 Registry: a database to store information about peripherals and software
 Peripheral: a device connected to a computer
 Drive: a utility program that makes peripheral devices function properly
 The operating system’s registry configures the system.
 In this step, drivers are also loaded into memory.
Step 5: System Utility Loads
 System utilities are loaded into memory.
 Volume control
 Antivirus software
 PC card unplugging utility
Step 6: Users Authentication
 Authentication or user login occurs
 Username
 Password
 After all this process, the user interface starts, enabling user interaction with the
computer and its programs also.
Exercise:-
1- Explain Windows booting process.
2- Why POST is necessary for our system?

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