STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1

Module III

IRSHAD K
Department of Civil Engineering
Government Polytechnic College Manjeri [email protected]
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
SLABS
► It is 2D element used in all types of structures such as floors & roof coverings
► Thickness is very less compared to length and breadth

SLABS

ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB

 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
ONE WAY & TWO WAY
𝑙𝑦
𝑙𝑦
► They are classified on the basis of ratio
𝑙𝑥
𝑙𝑦
► If >2 One way slab 𝑙𝑥
𝑙𝑥

𝑙𝑦
≤2 Two way slab
𝑙𝑥
Where 𝑙𝑦 = Length of longer span
𝑙𝑥 = Length of shorter span
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
ONE WAY SLAB
𝑙𝑦
► RCC slabs supported on two opposite sides or on all 4 sides with >2
𝑙𝑥
► Slab spans in one direction as bending takes place only along shorter span
► Main reinforcement are provided along shorter direction
► Distribution steels are provided along longer span direction ( 20
reinforcement)
► Distribution steels is provided to prevent additional stresses developed
due to temperature and shrinkage variation
► Slabs are designed as beams of unit width
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
ONE WAY & TWO WAY
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
TWO WAY SLAB
𝑙𝑦
► RCC slabs supported on all 4 sides with ≤2
𝑙𝑥
► Slab spans in two direction as bending takes place in two direction
► Main reinforcement is provided in both direction
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
TWO WAY SLAB
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN STEPS
1. Check whether one way or two way
𝑙
2. Assume an ratio & calculate depth
𝑑
3. Calculation of effective span (𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 )
4. Calculation of load
5. Check whether section is over reinforced or under reinforced
6. Determination of area of steel
7. Check for shear
8. Check for deflection
9. Check for development length
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
CONTROL OF DEFLECTION ONE WAY SLABS / BEAMS
(IS 456: 2000 PAGE 37)
𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒇
Basic ratio
Sl No. Type 𝒅
Up to 10m >10m

Actual calculation to be
1 Cantilever 7
done

20 𝑥 10
2 Simply supported 20
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛

26 𝑥 10
3 Continuous 26
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
LOADING ON SLABS
► Dead load
self weight + load due to partition and finishing
usually take as 1KN/𝑚2
► Live load
For roof
=1.5 KN/𝑚2 (With access)
=.75 KN/𝑚2 (Without access)
For floor
=2 KN/𝑚2 (Residential)
=3 KN/𝑚2 (Office)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN PROBLEM
Q. Design a simply supported RCC slab for a hall 4m X 10m (inside dimension)
with 230mm walls all around .Assume LL=4 KN/𝑚2 & Finishes =1 KN/𝑚2 .
assume M25 ,Fe 415 ?

Given that 𝑙𝑥 = 4m , 𝑙𝑦 = 10m , LL=4 KN/𝑚2 , Finishes =1 KN/𝑚2

Grade of concrete =M25
Grade of steel = Fe 415

STEP 1 -: Check for one way or two way

𝑙𝑦 10
= = 2.5 > 2 Hence one way slab
𝑙𝑥 4
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEP 2 -: Calculation of depth

l
Assume between 20 & 25
d
lx 4000
= 20 , d = = 200mm
d 20
lx 4000
= 25 , d = = 160mm
d 25
so take d as 180mm
D = 180+5+15 = 200 mm (assuming 10mm dia bars & 15mm clear cover)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEP 3 -: Calculation of effective span (IS 456: 2000 PAGE 34)

AS per code 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = l+d or c/c distance b/w supports (Whichever is less)
here l+d = 4+.18 = 4.18m
.23
c/c distance b/w supports = 4+ x 2 = 4.23 m
2

so 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 4.18m
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEP 4 -: Calculation of load

We said that slab is considering as beam of width 1m
DL = Self weight + finishes 1m
=25 x .2 x 1 + 1 x 1 d
= 6 KN/m
LL = 4 x 1 = 4 KN/m
Total load = DL+LL =10 KN/m
Total factored load = 1.5 x 10 = 15 KN/m
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 5 -: Check whether section is over reinforced or under reinforced
(IS 456: 2000 PAGE 96
𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 15 ∗ 4.182
Max BM = = = 32.76 KNm
8 8
IS 456 : 2000 Page 70
𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝒙𝒖 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = .36 x 𝑓𝑐𝑘 x x {1 − .426 } b𝑑 2 𝒇𝒚
𝑑 𝑑
𝒅

= .36 x 25x .48x {1 − .426 x .48 } x1000 x 1802 250 .53

= 111.34 x 106 Nmm = 111.34 KNm

415 .48
Max BM < 𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚
Section is under reinforced ,proceed with the design
500 .46
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 6 -: Determination of area of steel
We have
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
32.76 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 180 {1 − }
1000 ∗180∗25
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 529.99 𝑚𝑚2 say 530 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
530
Number of bars = 𝜋 =6.748 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 148.192 mm say 140 mm
6.748

Provide 10mm dia bars at 140mm spacing as main reinforcement

 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Distribution steel ( IS 456:2000 page 48)
Minimum area of steel
.15% of bD for Fe 250
.12% of bD for Fe 415 & Fe 500
So distribution steel = .0012 x 1000 x 200
= 240 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 8mm dia bars
240
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.775 bars
𝑥 82
4
1000
Spacing = = 209.44 mm say 200 mm
4.755

Provide 8mm dia bars at 200 mm spacing as secondary reinforcement (Distribution steel)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN RESULTS
Depth of slab = 200mm
Main RC = 10φ @ 140mm c/c
20 RC = 8φ @ 200mm c/c
Actual 𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided
1000 𝜋
Main reinforcement = x x102 = 560.99 𝑚𝑚2
140 4
1000 𝜋
20 reinforcement =
200
x x 4
82 =251.33 𝑚𝑚2
 ONE WAY SLAB RC DETAILING
8mm∅ @200 mm c/c 10mm∅ @140 mm c/c
10mm∅ @140 mm c/c 8mm∅ @200 mm c/c

.15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L

4𝑚 10𝑚

c/s 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 c/s 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛

 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 7 -: Check for shear
𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓
15 𝑥 4.18
Max SF 𝑉𝑢 = = = 31.35 KN
2 2
𝑉 31.35 ∗1000
Nominal shear stress 𝜏𝑣 = 𝑢 = = .174 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 1000 ∗180
Design shear strength =𝜏𝑐 k
Where 𝜏𝑐 is the design shear strength without shear reinforcement given in table 19 IS 456
k is given in page 72 IS 456 .36

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗560.99

= x .5 = .156 .29
𝑏𝑑 1000∗180 ?
For % of tension steel at support .156 & M25 grade concrete
.15 .156 .25
from table19 we will get 𝜏𝑐 = .294
Value of k for 200mm deep slab = 1.2 .36−.29 𝑥−.29
=
.25−.15 .156−.15
So design shear strength = .294 x 1.2 = .353 N/𝑚𝑚2 > 𝜏𝑣
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Since design shear strength is > Maximum shear stress coming
No shear reinforcement is needed
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
Where 𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for compression reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for flanged beams

l
( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 = 20
d
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)

𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗560.99

% of tension reinforcement = = =.3111
𝑏𝑑 1000∗180
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
fs =.58 x𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Assuming 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
=.58 x415 x 1
= 240.7 N/𝑚𝑚2
From table we will get 𝑘𝑡 =1.8
𝑘𝑐 =1
𝑘𝑓 =1
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
= 20 x 1.8
= 36
𝑙 4
( ) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 22.22
𝑑 .18

l l
( ) >( )
d 𝑚𝑎𝑥 d 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

Check for deflection is ok

 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 9 -: Check for development length (IS 456:2000 Page 44)
𝑀1
𝐿𝑑 ≯ 1.3 + 𝐿0
𝑉
We have
.87 𝑓𝑦 ∅
𝐿𝑑 =
4 𝜏𝑏𝑑
.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 10
=
4 𝑥 1.4 𝑥 1.6
=402.958mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀1 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
560.99
560.99 415 𝑥
2
= .87 x 415 x x 180 x {1 − }
2 1000 𝑥 180 𝑥 25
= 17.575 x 106 Nmm = 17.575 KNm
𝑤𝑙 15 𝑥 4.18
V = maximum SF = = = 31.35 KN
2 2
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 9 -: Check for development length (IS 456:2000 Page 44)

𝐿0 = anchorage beyond the centre of support +equivalent anchorage value

230
= ( − 20)+ 8 x 10
2
= 175mm
𝑀1 17.575
1.3 + 𝐿0 = 1.3 x + .175
𝑉 31.35
= .903m ie 903mm > 402.958mm
Hence check for development length is OK
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN RESULTS
Depth of slab = 200mm
Main RC = 10φ @ 140mm c/c
20 RC = 8φ @ 200mm c/c
IS CODE PROVISIONS FOR SLABS
1. Minimum percentage of main steel in any direction shall not be less than 0.15%
of gross area for mild steel bars & 0.12% of gross area for HYSD bars.
2. Maximum % of reinforcement shall not exceed 4% of gross area .
3. Minimum clear cover to main reinforcement = 20mm
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
4. Maximum dia of reinforcement =
8
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
5. Maximum size of aggregate =
4
6. Maximum spacing of main reinforcement = 3d or 300mm
7. Maximum spacing of 20 reinforcement = 5d or 450mm
8. Minimum thickness incase of flat slab shall be 125mm
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN PROBLEM
Q. Design a simply supported RCC slab for an office floor having clear dimension 4m X 10m
with 230mm walls all around .Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel take live load as 4 KN/𝑚2
& floor finishes =0.6 KN/𝑚2 ?
Given that 𝑙𝑥 = 4m , 𝑙𝑦 = 10m , LL=4 KN/𝑚2 , Finishes =0.6 KN/𝑚2
Grade of concrete =M25
Grade of steel = Fe 415
STEP 1 -: Check for one way or two way
𝑙𝑦 10
= = 2.5 > 2 Hence one way slab
𝑙𝑥 4
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 2 -: Calculation of depth
Assuming an effective depth slab = 150mm
Assuming 25mm effective cover,
Overall depth D = 150+25 = 175 mm

STEP 3 -: Calculation of effective span (IS 456: 2000 PAGE 34)

AS per code 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = l+d or c/c distance b/w supports (Whichever is less)
here l+d = 4+.15 = 4.15m
.23
c/c distance b/w supports = 4+ x 2 = 4.23 m
2
so 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 4.15m
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 4 -: Calculation of load
We said that slab is considering as beam of width 1m
DL = Self weight + finishes
=25 x .175 x 1 + 0.6 x 1 =4.975KN/m 1m
LL = 4 x 1 = 4 KN/m
d
Total load = DL+LL =8.975 KN/m
Total factored load = 1.5 x 8.975 = 13.46 KN/m
STEP 5 -: BM & SF
𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 13.46 ∗ 4.152
Max BM = = = 28.98 Nm
8 8
𝑤𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 13.46 ∗4.15
Max SF = = = 27.92 kN
2 2
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 6 -: Check for effective depth
Since Fe415 steel is used we have
𝑀𝑢 = .138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b𝑑 2
𝑀𝑢
Effective depth required 𝑑 =
0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b
28.98 𝑥 106
=
0.138 x 20 x 1000
= 102.46 mm < d provided (150 mm)
Depth provided is ok
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 6 -: Determination of tensile steel
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
We have 𝑀𝑢 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
28.98 𝑥 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 581.95 𝑚𝑚2 say 582 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
582
Number of bars = 𝜋 =7.41 bars
𝑥 102
4
1000
Spacing = = 134.94 mm say 130 mm
7.41
Check for maximum spacing
For main RC 3d = 3 x 150 = 450mm
or 300mm Max. spacing = 300mm > 130 MM
Provide 10mm dia bars at 130mm spacing as main reinforcement
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Distribution steel ( IS 456:2000 page 48)
Minimum area of steel=.12% of bD
So distribution steel = .0012 x 1000 x 175
= 210 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 8mm dia bars
210
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.177 bars
4
𝑥 82
1000
Spacing = = 239.36 mm say 230 mm
4.177
Check for maximum spacing
For distribution steel Maximum spacing = 5d = 5 x 150 = 750mm or 450mm
Max. spacing = 450mm > 230 MM

Provide 8mm dia bars at 230 mm spacing as secondary reinforcement (Distribution steel)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN RESULTS
Depth of slab = 200mm
Main RC = 10φ @ 130mm c/c
20 RC = 8φ @ 230mm c/c
 ONE WAY SLAB RC DETAILING
8mm∅ @230 mm c/c 10mm∅ @130 mm c/c
10mm∅ @130 mm c/c 8mm∅ @230 mm c/c

.15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L .15𝐿or .1L

4𝑚 10𝑚

c/s 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 c/s 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛

 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN STEPS
1. Check whether one way or two way
𝑙
2. Assume an ratio & calculate depth
𝑑
3. Calculation of effective span (𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 )
4. Calculation of load
5. Check whether section is over reinforced or under reinforced
6. Determination of area of steel
7. Check for shear
8. Check for deflection
9. Check for development length
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
CONTROL OF DEFLECTION ONE WAY SLABS / BEAMS
(IS 456: 2000 PAGE 37)
𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒇
Basic ratio
Sl No. Type 𝒅
Up to 10m >10m

Actual calculation to be
1 Cantilever 7
done

20 𝑥 10
2 Simply supported 20
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛

26 𝑥 10
3 Continuous 26
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
LOADING ON SLABS
► Dead load
self weight + load due to partition and finishing
usually take as 1KN/𝑚2
► Live load
For roof
=1.5 KN/𝑚2 (With access)
=.75 KN/𝑚2 (Without access)
For floor
=2 KN/𝑚2 (Residential)
=3 KN/𝑚2 (Office)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
ONE WAY CONTINUOUS SLAB

BEAM
WALL

WALL
BEAM

BEAM
S1 S2 S3 S4
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT COEFFICENTS IS 456:2000 PAGE 36

Span moment Support moment

Type of load At support next

Near middle of At middle of At other interior
to the end
end span interior span supports
support
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Dead and imposed load (fixed) + + − −
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Imposed load (not fixed) + + − −
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟗
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
SHEAR FORCE COEFFICENTS IS 456:2000 PAGE 36

At support next to the end

support At all other
Type of load At end support
interior support
Outer side Inner side

Dead and imposed load (fixed)

0.4 0.6 0.55 0.5

Imposed load (not fixed)

0.45 0.6 0.6 0.6
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN PROBLEM
Q. Design RCC slab for a hall measuring 9m X 16m. Slab is supported on RCC beam of 200mm wide
and 4m c/c spacing. Superimposed load is4 KN/𝑚2 ,assume M20 ,Fe 415,width of support is
200mm ?
Given that 𝑙𝑥 = 4m , 𝑙𝑦 = 9m , LL=4 KN/𝑚2 Grade of concrete =M20 , Grade of steel = Fe
415 16𝑚

4𝑚

9𝑚

BEAM
WALL

WALL
BEAM

BEAM
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 1 -: Check for one way or two way
𝑙𝑦 9
= = 2.25 > 2 Hence one way slab
𝑙𝑥 4

STEP 2 -: Calculation of depth

Assuming an effective depth d= 150mm
D =150+25 = 175 mm (assuming 25mm effective cover)
D=175mm
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEP 3 -: Calculation of effective span (IS 456: 2000 PAGE 34)

200
Clear span = 4000- 2 x = 3800mm
2
So as per code
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = l+d or c/c distance b/w supports (Whichever is less)
here l+d = 3.8+.15 =3.95m
c/c distance b/w supports = 4 m

so 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 3.95m
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEP 4 -: Calculation of load

We said that slab is considering as beam of width 1m
DL = Self weight 1m
=25 x .175 x 1+ 1 x 1 (Assume finishes =1 KN/𝑚2 ) d
= 5.375 KN/m
LL = 4 x 1 = 4 KN/m
Factored dead load = 1.5 x 5.375 = 8.0625 KN/m≈ 8.1 kN/m
Factored live load = 1.5 x 4 = 6 KN/m
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT COEFFICENTS IS 456:2000 PAGE 36

Span moment Support moment

Type of load At support next

Near middle of At middle of At other interior
to the end
end span interior span supports
support
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Dead and imposed load (fixed) + + − −
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Imposed load (not fixed) + + − −
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟗
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
SHEAR FORCE COEFFICENTS IS 456:2000 PAGE 36

At support next to the end

support At all other
Type of load At end support
interior support
Outer side Inner side

Dead and imposed load (fixed)

0.4 0.6 0.55 0.5

Imposed load (not fixed)

0.45 0.6 0.6 0.6
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
1 1
Max span moment = x DL x 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 + x LL x 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 2
2
12 10
1 1
= x 8.1 x 3.952 + x 6 x 3.952
12 10
= 19.89 KNm
1 1
Max support moment =-( x DL x 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 + x LL x 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 2 )
10 9
1 2 1
= x 8.1 x 3.95 + x 6 x 3.952
10 9
= 23.04 KNm

Max shear force = 0.6(DL+LL) x 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = .6 (8.1+6) x 3.95

= 33.42 KN
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 5 -: Check for the depth
Since Fe415 steel is used we have
𝑀𝑢 = .138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b𝑑2
𝑀𝑢
Effective depth required 𝑑 =
0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b
23.04 𝑥 106
=
0.138 x 20 x 1000
= 91.36 mm < d provided (150 mm)
Depth provided is ok
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 7 -: Determination of area of steel
We have
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − } (IS 456:2000 Page 96)
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
At support
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
23.04 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 453.93 𝑚𝑚2 say 454 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
454
Number of bars = 𝜋 =5.78 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 173 mm say 170 mm
5.78
Provide 10mm dia bars at 170mm spacing at support
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 7 -: Determination of area of steel
At span
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
19.89 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 388 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
388
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.94 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 202.4 mm say 200 mm
4.94
Provide 10mm dia bars at 200mm spacing at span
Check for maximum spacing
For main RC 3d = 3 x 150 = 450mm
or 300mm Max. spacing = 300mm > 170mm,200mm
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Distribution steel ( IS 456:2000 page 48)
Minimum area of steel=.12% of bD
So distribution steel = .0012 x 1000 x 175
= 210 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 8mm dia bars
210
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.177 bars
𝑥 82
4
1000
Spacing = = 239.36 mm say 230 mm
4.177
Check for maximum spacing
For distribution steel Maximum spacing = 5d = 5 x 150 = 750mm or 450mm
Max. spacing = 450mm > 230 MM
Provide 8mm dia bars at 230 mm spacing as secondary reinforcement (Distribution steel)
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
DESIGN RESULTS
Depth of slab = 180mm
Main RC
(At support) = 10φ @ 170mm c/c
(At span) = 10φ @ 200mm c/c
20 RC = 8φ @ 230mm c/c
 DETAILING

.15𝐿or .1L
.25𝐿 .25𝐿
 BEHAVIOUR OF SLABS
TWO WAY SLAB
𝑙𝑦
► RCC slabs supported on all 4 sides with ≤2
𝑙𝑥
► Slab spans in two direction as bending takes place in two direction
► Main reinforcement is provided in both direction
 COMPARISON
ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑦
1. >2 ≤2
𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑥

2. Bending takes place in one direction Bending takes place in both direction
only. (Shorter span)

3. Main steel reinforcement is provided Main steel reinforcement is provided on

along short span both the direction

4. Depth required is more Depth required is less

5. Less economical as depth required is More economical as depth required is less
more and amount of steel required is also and amount of steel required is also less
more.
CLASSIFICATION OF TWO WAY SLABS
CLASSIFICATION
TWO WAY SLABS

Simply supported/ Restrained

Unrestrained
CLASSIFICATION OF TWO WAY SLABS
Simply supported/Unrestrained slabs
1. Slabs in which corners are not prevented from lifting
2. “Slabs with corners not held down”
3. Requires thicker slab than restrained slabs
CLASSIFICATION OF TWO WAY SLABS
Restrained slabs
1. Slabs in which corners are prevented from lifting
2. “Slabs with corners held down”
3. Requires thinner slabs
4. Special torsional reinforcement is provided at the corners to prevent
cracking of corners
5. There are two ways to provide fixity
1. Slab is simply supported on 4 edges by beams, beams and slabs are
cast monolithically
2. Slab is supported on the edges by 4 walls and there are
superstructure walls above the slab.
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
CONTROL OF DEFLECTION TWO WAY SLABS
(IS 456: 2000 PAGE 39)
𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒇
Basic ratio for span up to 3.5m
𝒅
Sl No. Type & LL 3KN/𝒎𝟐

Fe250 HYSD
2 Simply supported 35 28

3 Continuous 40 32
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
DESIGN STEPS
1. Check whether one way or two way
𝑙
2. Assume an ratio & calculate depth
𝑑
3. Calculation of effective span (𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 )
4. Calculation of load
5. Check whether section is over reinforced or under reinforced
6. Determination of area of steel
7. Torsional reinforcement at corners
8. Check for shear
9. Check for deflection
10. Check for development length
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENTS
For unrestrained slabs IS 456:2000 Page 90,91
2
𝑀𝑥 =∝𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥
𝑀𝑦 =∝𝑦 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2
where
∝𝑥 & ∝𝑦 are coefficients given Table 27
𝑀𝑥 & 𝑀𝑦 are moments on strips of unit width spanning
𝑙𝑥 & 𝑙𝑦 respectively
w = Total design load per unit area
𝑙𝑥 & 𝑙𝑦 = length of shorter span and longer span
respectively
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENTS
For unrestrained slabs IS 456:2000 Page 90,91
Table 27
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENTS
For restrained slabs IS 456:2000 Page 90,91
2
𝑀𝑥 =∝𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥
𝑀𝑦 =∝𝑦 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2
where
∝𝑥 & ∝𝑦 are coefficients given Table 26
𝑀𝑥 & 𝑀𝑦 are moments on strips of unit width spanning
𝑙𝑥 & 𝑙𝑦 respectively
w = Total design load per unit area
𝑙𝑥 & 𝑙𝑦 = length of shorter span and longer span
respectively
 TWO WAY SLAB
DIFFERENT EDGE CONDITIONS OF A TWO WAY SLABS

1. Interior panel
2. One short edge discontinuous
3. One long edge discontinuous 4 3 4
4. Two adjacent edge
discontinuous 2 1 2

4 3 4
 TWO WAY SLAB
DIFFERENT EDGE CONDITIONS OF A TWO WAY SLABS
One short edge discontinuous 8
5. Two short edge discontinuous
6. Two long edge discontinuous
7. Three edge discontinuous 7 5 7 6
(One long edge continuous)
8. Three edge discontinuous
(One short edge continuous)
9. Four edge discontinuous
8
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
DESIGN PROBLEM
Q. Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room of clear dimension 4m x 5m.Slab is
supported on walls of width 300mm.Slab is carrying a live load of 4 KN/𝑚2 and floor finish
of 1 KN/𝑚2 ,use M20 grade concrete & Fe415 steel. Corners of slabs are held down?
Given that 𝑙𝑥 = 4m , 𝑙𝑦 = 5m , LL=4 KN/𝑚2 , Finishes =1 KN/𝑚2
Grade of concrete =M20
Grade of steel = Fe 415

STEP 1 -: Check for one way or two way

𝑙𝑦 5
= = 1.25 < 2 Hence two way slab
𝑙𝑥 4
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 2 -: Calculation of depth
Assuming an effective depth d= 150mm
D =150+25 = 175 mm (assuming 25mm effective cover)
D=175mm
STEP 3 -: Calculation of effective span (IS 456: 2000 PAGE 34)

AS per code 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = l+d or c/c distance b/w supports (Whichever is less)
effective span 𝑙𝑥 = l+d = 4+.15 = 4.15m
c/c distance b/w supports = 4+.3 = 4.3 m
So, effective span along shorter direction 𝑙𝑥 =4.15m

effective span 𝑙𝑦 = l+d = 5+.15 = 5.15m

c/c distance b/w supports = 5+.3 = 5.3 m
So, effective span along shorter direction 𝑙𝑦 =5.15m
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 4 -: Calculation of load
We said that slab is considering as beam of width 1m
DL = Self weight + finishes
=25 x .175 x 1 + 1 x 1 1m
= 5.375 KN/m
D
LL = 4 x 1 = 4 KN/m
Total load = DL+LL =9.375 KN/m
Total factored load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06 KN/m
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
Since slab is restrained and discontinuous on all 4 edges, it is case 9 of table 26 (IS 456 page 90,91)
𝑙𝑦 5.15 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑦
we have = = 1.24 , we have value of ∝𝑥 for 1.2 is 0.072 & 1.3 is 0.079
𝑙𝑥 4.15 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑥
By interpolating we will get ∝𝑥 =.0748
From table ∝𝑦 =.056 .079

Max moment 𝑀𝑢𝑥 =∝𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2

.072
= .0748 x 14.06 x 4.152 ?

= 18.11 KNm 1.2 1.24 1.3

Max moment 𝑀𝑢𝑦 =∝𝑦 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2 .079−.072 𝑥−.072

2
=
= .056 x 14.06 x 4.15 1.3−1.2 1.24−1.2

= 13.56 KNm
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
𝑤∗ 𝑙𝑥 14.06∗4.15
Max shear force = = = 29.17KN
2 2
STEP 5 -: Check for the depth
Since Fe415 steel is used we have
𝑀𝑢 = .138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b𝑑 2
𝑀𝑢𝑥
Effective depth required 𝑑 =
0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 b
18.11 𝑥 106
=
0.138 x 20 x 1000
= 81 mm < d provided (150 mm)
Depth provided is ok
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 6 -: Determination of area of steel
shorter span
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
We have 𝑀𝑢𝑥 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
18.11 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 351.48 𝑚𝑚2 say 360 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
360
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.584 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 218.15 mm say 200 mm
4.584

Provide 10mm dia bars at 200mm spacing along shorter span

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
longer span
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
We have 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
13.56 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 259.71 𝑚𝑚2 say 260 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
260
Number of bars = 𝜋 =3.3104 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 302.08 mm say 300 mm
3.3104

Provide 10mm dia bars at 300mm spacing along longer span

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
Check for maximum spacing (IS 456:2000 page 46)

For main RC
3d = 3 x 150 = 450mm
or 300mm Max. spacing = 300mm
Hence check for maximum spacing is ok.
DESIGN RESULTS
Depth of slab = 175mm
Main reinforcement along short span = 10φ @ 200mm c/c
Main reinforcement along longer span = 10φ @ 300mm c/c
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 7 -: Check for shear
Max SF 𝑉𝑢 =29.17 KN
𝑉𝑢 29.17 ∗1000
Nominal shear stress 𝜏𝑣 = = = 0.194 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 1000 ∗150
Design shear strength =𝜏𝑐 k
Where 𝜏𝑐 is the design shear strength without shear reinforcement given in table 19 IS 456
k is given in page 72 IS 456
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗360
= x .5 = .12
𝑏𝑑 1000∗150
For % of tension steel at support .12 & M20 grade concrete
from table19 we will get 𝜏𝑐 = .29
Value of k for 200mm deep slab = 1.25
So design shear strength = .29 x 1.25 = .3625 N/𝑚𝑚2 > 𝜏𝑣
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
Since design shear strength is > Maximum shear stress coming
No shear reinforcement is needed
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
Where 𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for compression reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for flanged beams

l
( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 = 20
d
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)

𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗360

% of tension reinforcement = = =.24
𝑏𝑑 1000∗150
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
fs =.58 x𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Assuming 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
=.58 x415 x 1

= 240.7 N/𝑚𝑚2
From table we will get 𝑘𝑡 =1.6
𝑘𝑐 =1
𝑘𝑓 =1
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
= 20 x 1.6
= 32
𝑙 4.15
( ) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 27.6
𝑑 .15

l l
( ) >( )
d 𝑚𝑎𝑥 d 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

Check for deflection is ok

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
DESIGN PROBLEM
Q. Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room of clear dimension 4m x 5m.Slab is
supported on walls of width 300mm.Slab is carrying a live load of 4 KN/𝑚2 and floor finish
of 1 KN/𝑚2 ,use M20 grade concrete & Fe415 steel. Corners of slabs are held down?
Given that 𝑙𝑥 = 4m , 𝑙𝑦 = 5m , LL=4 KN/𝑚2 , Finishes =1 KN/𝑚2
Grade of concrete =M20
Grade of steel = Fe 415

STEP 1 -: Check for one way or two way

𝑙𝑦 5
= = 1.25 < 2 Hence two way slab
𝑙𝑥 4
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

STEP 2 -: Calculation of depth

l
Assume =28
d
lx 4000
= 28 , d = = 142.85mm say 150mm
d 28
so take d as 150mm
D = 150+5+20 = 175 mm (assuming 10mm dia bars & 20mm clear cover)
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 3 -: Calculation of effective span (IS 456: 2000 PAGE 34)

AS per code 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = l+d or c/c distance b/w supports (Whichever is less)
effective span 𝑙𝑥 = l+d = 4+.15 = 4.15m
c/c distance b/w supports = 4+.3 = 4.3 m
So, effective span along shorter direction 𝑙𝑥 =4.15m

effective span 𝑙𝑦 = l+d = 5+.15 = 5.15m

c/c distance b/w supports = 5+.3 = 5.3 m
So, effective span along shorter direction 𝑙𝑦 =5.15m
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

STEP 4 -: Calculation of load

We said that slab is considering as beam of width 1m
DL = Self weight + finishes 1m
=25 x .175 x 1 + 1 x 1 D
= 5.375 KN/m
LL = 4 x 1 = 4 KN/m
Total load = DL+LL =9.375 KN/m
Total factored load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06 KN/m
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
Since slab is restrained and discontinuous on all 4 edges, it is case 9 of table 26 (IS 456 page 90,91)
𝑙𝑦 5.15 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑦
we have = = 1.24 , we have value of ∝𝑥 for 1.2 is 0.072 & 1.3 is 0.079
𝑙𝑥 4.15 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑥
By interpolating we will get ∝𝑥 =.0748
From table ∝𝑦 =.056 .079

Max moment 𝑀𝑥 =∝𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2

.072
= .0748 x 14.06 x 4.152 ?

= 18.11 KNm 1.2 1.24 1.3

Max moment 𝑀𝑦 =∝𝑦 𝑤𝑙𝑥 2 .079−.072 𝑥−.072

2
=
= .056 x 14.06 x 4.15 1.3−1.2 1.24−1.2

= 13.56 KNm
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
𝑙𝑦
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
𝑤∗ 𝑙𝑥 14.06∗4.15
Max shear force along shorter span = = = 19.45KN
3 3
𝑤∗ 𝑙𝑦 14.06∗5.15 edg edg
Max shear force along longer span = = = 36.2 KN e
Middle
e
2 2 strip
strip strip

3 𝑙𝑥 3∗4
Width of middle strip along shorter span = = =3m 1 1
4 4
𝑙 𝑙
𝑙 4 8 𝑦 𝑙𝑦 8 𝑦
Width of edge strip along shorter span = 𝑥 = =.5m
8 8
3 𝑙𝑦 3∗5

8 𝑥
𝑙
Width of middle strip along longer span = = =3.75m edge strip

1
4 4
𝑙𝑦 5

4 𝑥
𝑙𝑥

𝑙
Width of edge strip along longer span = = =.625m

3
8 8 Middle
strip

8 𝑥
edge strip

𝑙
1
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 5 -: Check for the depth

𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = .36 x 𝑓𝑐𝑘 x x {1 − .426 } b𝑑2
𝑑 𝑑
IS 456 : 2000 Page 70

18.11 x 106 = .36 x 20x .48x {1 − .426 x .48 } x1000 x 𝑑 2 𝒙𝒖 𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝒇𝒚
by solving you will get d =81.16mm < 150mm 𝒅

Assumed depth is ok. 250 .53

415 .48

500 .46
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 5 -: Check whether section is over reinforced or under reinforced
(IS 456: 2000 PAGE 96

𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = .36 x 𝑓𝑐𝑘 x x {1 − .426 } b𝑑2
𝑑 𝑑 IS 456 : 2000 Page 70
𝒙𝒖 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒇𝒚
= .36 x 20x .48x {1 − .426 x .48 } x1000 x 1502 𝒅
= 61.86 x 106 Nmm = 61.86 KNm
250 .53
Max BM < 𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚
Section is under reinforced ,proceed with the design 415 .48

500 .46
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEP 6 -: Determination of area of steel
In middle strip of shorter span
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
We have 𝑀𝑢 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
18.11 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 351.48 𝑚𝑚2 say 360 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
360
Number of bars = 𝜋 =4.584 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 218.15 mm say 200 mm
4.584

Provide 10mm dia bars at 200mm spacing along shorter span

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
In middle strip of longer span
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
We have 𝑀𝑢 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
13.56 x 106 = .87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 150 {1 − }
1000 ∗150∗20
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 259.71 𝑚𝑚2 say 260 𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
260
Number of bars = 𝜋 = 3.3104 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 302.08 mm say 300 mm
3.3104

Provide 10mm dia bars at 300mm spacing along longer span

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
At the edge strips
As per IS 456 , page 90 Annex D 1.7, we have to provide minimum area of steel at edge strips
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = .12% of bD =.0012 x 1000 x 175 = 210𝑚𝑚2
Assuming 10mm dia bars
210
Number of bars = 𝜋 =2.6738 bars
4
𝑥 102
1000
Spacing = = 374 mm say 300 mm
2.6738

Provide 10mm dia bars at 300mm spacing at edge strips

 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
Torsional reinforcement at corners
Two layer –bottom and top
Each layer contains reinforcement parallel to both the directions 𝑙𝑦
Area of steel required in each of these 4 layers is
1
Cases 𝑙
5 𝑥
3 𝑙𝑥
1. Two edges discontinuous - th of the middle strip RC
4
2. One edge continuous - Half of the first case
3. Both edges continuous - No need of torsional reinforcement
Here we are having only one slab ,so first case
3
Torsional steel required 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = x 360 = 270𝑚𝑚2
4
Provide 10mm dia bars at 280mm c/c on top and bottom at a distance of 0.8m from the
corner on both the direction
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
Check for maximum spacing (IS 456:2000 page 46)

For main RC
3d = 3 x 150 = 450mm
or 300mm Max. spacing = 300mm
Hence check for maximum spacing is ok.
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
DESIGN RESULTS
1. Depth of slab = 175mm
2. Provide 10mm dia bars @ 200mm c/c along shorter direction in a middle strip of width
3m.
3. Provide 10mm dia bars @ 300mm c/c along longer direction in a middle strip of width
3.75m.
4. Provide 10mm dia bars @ 300mm c/c along edge strip of width .625m along longer
direction & 0.5 m along shorter direction.
5. Provide 10mm dia bars @ 280mm c/c on top and bottom at a distance of 0.8m from the
corner on both the direction as torsional reinforcement.
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
ACTUAL AREA OF STEELS PROVIDED
1. Middle strip of short span
1000 𝜋
= x x102 = 392.70 𝑚𝑚2
200 4
2. Middle strip of long span
1000 𝜋
= x x102 = 261.80 𝑚𝑚2
300 4
3. At edge strips
1000 𝜋
= x x102 = 261.80 𝑚𝑚2
300 4
4. Torsional reinforcement
1000 𝜋
= x x102 = 280.50𝑚𝑚2
280 4
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 7 -: Check for shear along shorter span
Max SF =19.45 KN
𝑉𝑢 19.45 ∗1000
Nominal shear stress 𝜏𝑣 = = = .130 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 1000 ∗150
Design shear strength =𝜏𝑐 k
Where 𝜏𝑐 is the design shear strength without shear reinforcement given in table 19 IS 456
k is given in page 72 IS 456 .36
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗261.8
= = .174
𝑏𝑑 1000∗150 .28
?
For % of tension steel at support .174 & M20 grade concrete
from table19 we will get 𝜏𝑐 = .299 .15 .174 .25

Value of k for 175mm deep slab = 1.25 .36−.28 𝑥−.28

So design shear strength = .299 x 1.25 = .374 N/𝑚𝑚2 > 𝜏𝑣
=
.25−.15 .174−.15
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Since design shear strength is > Maximum shear stress coming
No shear reinforcement is needed
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
Where 𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for compression reinforcement
𝑘𝑐 = Modification factor for flanged beams

l
( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 = 20
d
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 8 -: Check for deflection (IS 456:2000 Page 37)

𝑘𝑡 = Modification factor for tension reinforcement

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 ∗392.70

% of tension reinforcement = = =.2618
𝑏𝑑 1000∗150
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
fs =.58 x𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
360
=.58 x415 x
392.7
= 220.657 N/𝑚𝑚2
From table we will get 𝑘𝑡 =1.8
𝑘𝑐 =1
𝑘𝑓 =1
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
l l
( ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 x 𝑘𝑡 x 𝑘𝑐 x 𝑘𝑓
d d
= 28 x 1.8
= 50.4
𝑙 4
( ) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 26.67 (Short span)
𝑑 .15

𝑙 5
( ) = = 33.33 (Long span)
𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 .15

l l
( ) >( )
d 𝑚𝑎𝑥 d 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

Check for deflection is ok

 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 9 -: Check for development length (IS 456:2000 Page 44)
𝑀1
𝐿𝑑 ≯ 1.3 + 𝐿0
𝑉
We have
.87 𝑓𝑦 ∅
𝐿𝑑 =
4 𝜏𝑏𝑑
.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 10
=
4 𝑥 1..2 𝑥 1.6
=470.12mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀1 = .87 x 𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d {1 − }
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝑥 261.8
= .87 x 415 x 261.8 x 150 x {1 − }
1000 𝑥 150 𝑥 20
= 13.66 x 106 Nmm = 13.66 KNm
V = maximum SF = 36.2 KN
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
STEP 9 -: Check for development length (IS 456:2000 Page 44)

𝐿0 = anchorage beyond the centre of support +equivalent anchorage value

300
= ( − 20)+ 8 x 10
2
= 210mm
𝑀1 13.66
1.3 + 𝐿0 = 1.3 x + .210
𝑉 36.2
= .700m ie 700mm > 470.12mm
Hence check for development length is OK