NARRA INTERGRATED SCHOOL

NARRA PALWAN

The effectiveness of Talaba Waste as Concrete Material Replacement

A Research Proposal presented to

Narra Integrated School – Senior High School Department

Information and Communication Technology Strand

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research

Prepared and submitted by:

TRISTAN LAGRADA

ROMMEL LOPEZ

JOHN STARYS RAMOS

MICHAEL DELA CRUZ

JULIANE NOLASCO

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………1

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………. 2

APPROVALSHEET………………………………………………………………….3

CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study…………………………………………………………4

1.2 Statement of the problem ………………………………………………………. 5

1.4 Hypothesis………………………………………………………………. ………5

1.5 Significance of the study………………………………………………… ………5

CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………...……... 6-7

CHAPTER III - METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………...8-9

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………….10

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This research proposal entitled “(Title),” prepared by (Names of the proponents), in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research 1, has been examined and

hereby recommended for approval.

GLORY ANN A. GUANCO

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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The construction industry grows quickly as the years go by. The modern construction

era at times focuses on developing new ideas or utilizing new materials that can be used to

produce construction materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. it is more

the same to use different kinds of waste as a mix in order to create building materials

The Philippines have long been surrounded by an abundance of seafood resources

because of its geographic location. which is known for its rich seafood harvest and marine

biodiversity. Oysters are one of the Philippines' most plentiful seafood species. In that case,

the high demand for oyster waste shells in the markets is causing a problem in some areas of

the Philippines. Palawan is one of these locations in the Philippines. Talaba is an issue for

some Palawenos who own fish farms. Additionally, the nets that are being used for fishing in

some of the fish farms in Palawan have talabas growing inevitably, which is bad for farmers.

For the construction of facilities like hospitals, homes, schools, and other structures,

concrete is an essential component. The researchers thought about trying to replace concrete's

components with a cheaper one since the components used to make concrete are expensive.

Additionally, the researchers need to investigate using talaba as a substitute for coarse

aggregates in order to reduce the solid waste products. By decreasing solid waste generation

and the cost of producing concrete, this study will not only be helpful to the researchers but

also to the environment, making concrete accessible and less expensive. Additionally, it

might be advantageous for the neighborhood, business, contractor, etc. because it is expected

that the material will be cheaper.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the effectiveness of talaba shells as a substitute to sand and

gravel.

This study seeks to answer the following questions;

[Link] this study help or improve solid waste management?

Hypothesis

[Link] compressive strength of the usual fine aggregates and the shell from the pulverized

talaba differs significantly.

[Link] compressive strength of crack talaba waste shell and typical coarse aggregates

differs significantly.

Significance of the Study

1. This study could offer a construction material substitute and extra income for fish
farmers.

2. The environment can benefit from this study by reducing the improper shell waste
disposal.

Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

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 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Binag (2016), calcium carbonate is among the most widely used raw

resources in a variety of sectors, including building supplies, food supplements, medicine,

livestock feed, and polymer manufacture. Calcium carbonate may be derived from the shells

of crustaceans and bivalves. The global desire for new food sources has expanded

tremendously, and in response, aquaculture, particularly oyster culture, has increasingly

relied on farming methods. Produced in 2016 were 438 billion tons of oysters. The bulk of

the pieces of shells was improperly dumped, posing a threat to public health.

Concrete is an aggregate composed of several components, such as stones and sand,

combined with a binder, such as cement and water. The mixture is allowed to dry and

solidify. It is a malleable substance that may be molded on-site or placed into molds, then

solidified and transferred. Concrete has become the most prevalent construction material in

the Philippines, apparent in both homes and commercial settings. As a result of its longevity

and strength, concrete is often used as the house's real foundation, and most Filipino residents

like painting concrete facades with their favorite color palette (Segovia, 2019).

Hene L Hanipat (2019) She claimed that due to the high calcium carbonate content in

oyster shells, it is technically feasible for lime production to replace advertisements because

discarded oyster, pecten, and mangrove clam shells contain potential calcium carbonate

(CaCO3).

In the Philippines, about 35,000 tons of municipal solid waste are generated daily.

This issue is related to the poor waste collection and disposal system in municipalities.

According to Plaza (2017), the “not in my backyard” attitude has limited the establishment of

proper municipal solid waste disposal. In addition, the lack of finance and governance has

constrained the management system. It has become a burden to invest in management

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because of the low budget. Also, the lack of competency in local government units tends to

fail in creating a comprehensive plan and enforcement actions towards waste disposal. And

lastly, the lack of alternatives to landfilling brings more harm because it cannot catch up to

the fast pace of waste generation. A significant amount of this waste is burned, which

contributes more to the heavily polluted air in cities.

in accordance with Lim et al. (2021), the daily quantity of garbage created grows.

Primarily derived from agriculture, industry, and biowaste. The utilization of marine wastes

has been studied in an effort to find options to improve the performance of concrete while

pursuing the primary objective of reusing pollutants. To substitute aggregates, marine trash

such as oyster shells may be pulverized and sieved to the optimal size. Using pulverized

oyster shells increases compressive strength but decreases workability as the replacement rate

increases. The impacts of shells, such as oyster shells, for partially recycled aggregates have

been examined in detail.

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 Chapter III

Methodology

The researcher will be able to create different combinations using the information in

this chapter. In addition, it will go over the study's methodology, tools, and methods for

measurement. In the process of making "green concrete," different materials that must be

thrown away are used in place of aggregates. By building a cylindrical cement block, the

researcher will mix regular concrete with aggregates and green concrete with talaba shells to

distinguish between the two and determine whether it is possible to use talaba as a substitute.

Materials

Cement

ASTM Type 1 Portland cement

Aggregates

Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates.

Talaba/Oyster shells

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Tools

1. Molder

2. Shovel

3. Trowel

4. Big hammer

Research procedure.

1. Researchers will collect oyster shells from nearby seafood eateries, coordinate with

locals, dry them in sun, crush, and grind them using a mortar.

2. Mix dry ingredients, add water, pass Slump Test, pour into cylindrical mold, and tamp

until evenly filled.

Samples : A, B, C

Sample A - Using a ratio of 1:2

1 - cement

2 - pulverized shells

Sample B - Using a ratio of 1:2

1 - cement

2 - fine aggregates

Sample C - Using a ratio of [Link]

1 - cement

2 - fine aggregates

4 - pulverized shells

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Analysis of the Data

The results of the samples of oysters and portland cement will be contrasted and analyzed.

If the strength of the oyster samples can pass the desired compressive strength, it will be

determined by the compressive strength result. If oyster shells can be used in place of

aggregates will depend on this.

References:

Binag, N. D. (2016). Powdered shell wastes as a partial substitute for masonry cement

mortar in binder, tiles and bricks production. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol, 5(7), 70-77.

[Link]

Segovia, L. A. (2019, October 24). Best building materials for any Filipino home.

[Link]. [Link]

filipino-home

Hene L, Hapinat (2022). Waste frome discarded oyster shells: A promising raw

material for lime industry in the Philippines [Link]

Plaza, A. (2017, October 13). Ditch NIMBY to Fix Philippines’ Municipal Solid

Waste Problem. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BLOG. [Link]

philippines-municipal-solid-waste-problem

m, M. B. B., Abadilla, K. A. V., Consuegra, C. C., & Lim Jr, H. R. (2021). Pulverized

blue swimming crab shell utilized as partial replacement for sand in concrete mixture. The

Palawan Scientist, 13(1), 1-1.

[Link]

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