29.

Types of bone basis of region: axial, appendicular

ANATOMY I 30. Type of bone basis of structure: compact, spongy,
dentine, fibrous, woven, lamellar
1. Shoulder flexion: deltoid ant fiber, pectoralis 31. Long bone type: humerus, femur, radius, ulna
major, biceps, and coracobrachialis muscles
32. Short bone: carpal
2. Shoulder extension: posterior fibers of the deltoid,
33. Irregular bone: vertebra
latissimus dorsi, and teres major muscles
34. Sesamoid bone: patella, pisiform
3. Shoulder Abduction: middle fibers of the deltoid,
35. Bones in human body total: 206
pectoralis major assisted by the supraspinatus
(initiate)
36. Bones in upper limb: 64
4. Shoulder: Adduction: pectoralis major, latissimus 37. Arm bone: humerus
dorsi, teres major, and teres minor muscles 38. Forearm bone: radius ulna
5. Lateral rotation: infraspinatus, the teres minor, 39. Which is the long bone lie horizontally: clavicle
posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle. 40. Shoulder blade: scapula
6. Medial rotation: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, 41. Longest bone of upper limb: humerus
teres major, anterior fibers deltoid 42. Lateral bone of forearm: radius
7. Elbow flexion: brachialis, bicep brachii, 43. Medial bone of forearm: ulna
brachioradiaslis 44. Flat bone: frontal bone of skull
8. Elbow extension: tricep brachii, anconeues 45. Dentine bone: tooth
9. Supination: supinator, bicep brachii 46. Osteoclast: bone destroy cell
10. Pronation: pronator teres and the pronator 47. Osteoblast: synthesize bone matrix
quadratus. 48. Wrist abduction: flexor carpi radialis and the
11. Wrist flexion: flexor carpi radialis, the flexor carpi extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
ulnaris, and the palmaris longus 49. Wrist adduction: flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris
12. Wrist extension: extensor carpi radialis longus, 50. MCP Flexion: The lumbricals and the interossei,
the extensor carpi radialis brevis, and the extensor assisted by the flexor digitorum superficialis and
carpi ulnaris profundus
13. Anatomy: study of science which deals with the 51. MCP Extension: Extensor digitorum, extensor
structure of the human body indicis, and extensor digiti minimi
14. Plane: is an imaginary flat surface running 52. MCP Abduction: Movement away from the
through the body midline of the third finger is performed by the
15. Osteology: branch of anatomy that deals with the dorsal interossei.
structure and function of bones. 53. MCP Adduction: Movement toward the midline of
16. Function of bone: support, protect, movement the third finger is performed by the palmar
17. Ipsilateral: the same side of the body as another interossei.
structure 54. Thumb Flexion: Flexor pollicis brevis and
18. Contralateral: opposite side of body from another opponens pollicis
structure 55. Thumb Extension: Extensor pollicis longus and
19. Ventral or Anterior: is the front of trunk brevis
20. Dorsal or Posterior: is the back of trunk 56. Thumb Abduction: Abductor pollicis longus and
21. Medial: is a plane close to the median plane brevis
22. Lateral: is plane away from the median plane 57. Thumb Adduction: Adductor pollicis
23. Proximal/Cranial/Superior: is close to the head 58. Thumb Rotation (opposition): The thumb is rotated
end of trunk medially by the opponens pollicis
24. Distal/Caudal/Inferior: is close to the lower end of 59. Brachial plexus: At the root of the neck, the nerves
the trunk form a complicated plexus called the brachial
25. Prone: lying face downward plexus. This allows the nerve fibers derived from
different segments of the spinal cord to be
26. Supine: lying face upward
arranged and distributed efficiently in different
27. Types of bone basis of shape: long, short, flat,
nerve trunks to the various parts of the upper limb
irregular, sesamoid bone
60. Division of plexus: root, trunk, division, cord
28. Types of bone basis of development: membranous,
cartilaginous, membro cartilaginous
61. Upper trunk: roots of C5 and 6 unite to form the
upper trunk
62. Lower trunk: the roots of C8 and T1 unite to form the wrist resulting in an upward (posterior)
the lower trunk displacement of the radius and obvious deformity.
63. Middle trunk: the root of C7 continues as the 94. A greenstick fracture: occurs when a bone bends
middle trunk and cracks, instead of breaking completely into
64. Branches of root: long thoracic nerve, dorsal separate pieces.
scapular nerve 95. Erb paralysis: Injury to the upper trunk causes
65. Branches of upper trunk: suprascapular nerve, Erb’s paralysis, Arm: Hangs by the side; it is
nerve to subclavius adducted and medially rotated, Forearm:
66. Branches of lateral cord: lateral pectoral, Extended and pronated
musculocutaneous, lateral root of median nerve 96. Police man tip or waiter tip: erb paralysis
67. Branches of medial cord: medial pectoral nerve, 97. Klumpke paralysis: injury of lower trunk, muscle
ulnar nerve, medial root of median nerve, Medial paralyzed intrinsic muscle of hand, flexor of hand
cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of and finger, deformity claw hand
forearm 98. Axillary artery continuation: subclavian artery
68. Branches of posterior cord: upper subscapular, 99. Branches of axillary artery: superior thoracic,
thoracodorsal, lower subscapular, axillary, radial thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, suprascapular,
nerve anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
69. Deltoid nerve supply: axillary nerve 100. Axillary vein continuation: basilic vein
70. Triceps nerve supply: radial nerve 101. Brachial artery continuation: axillary artery
71. Supraspinatous and infraspinatous nerve supply: 102. Main arterial supply of arm: brachial artery
supra scapular nerve 103. Clinical importance of brachial artery: to
72. Serratus anterior nerve supply: long thoracic check brachial pulse, BP check in front of elbow
nerve 104. Ulnar artery: larger of the two terminal
73. Rhomboid nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve branches of the brachial artery
74. Coracobrachialis nerve supply: musculocutaneous 105. Radial artery: smaller of the terminal
nerve branches of the brachial artery. It begins in the
75. Biceps nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius
76. Brachialis nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve 106. Iv injection vein: median cubital vein
77. Teres major and subscapularis nerve supply: 107. IM injection most common muscle use: deltoid
lower subscapular nerve 108. Radial artery importance: check radial pulse
78. Teres minor nerve supply: axillary nerve over anatomic snuffbox
79. Common extensor muscle nerve supply: radial 109. Shoulder flexion: 170-180 degree
nerve 110. Shoulder extension: 40-60 degree
80. Common flexor muscle nerve supply: ulnar nerve 111. Shoulder abduction: 170-180 degree
81. Pectoralis major nerve supply: medial pectoral 112. Shoulder external rotation: almost 90 degree
nerve 113. Shoulder internal rotation: almost 70 degree
82. Supinator nerve supply: Posterior interosseous 114. Shoulder adduction: 50 degree
nerve 115. Elbow flexion: 150
83. Trapezius nerve supply: spinal part of accessory 116. Elbow extension: 00
nerve 117. Wrist flexion: 60 degree
84. Axillary nerve root value: C5C6C7 118. Wrist extension: 60 degree
85. Median nerve root value: C5C6C7C8T1 119. Forearm pronation: 70-80 degree
86. Ulnar nerve root value: C8T1 120. Forearm supination: 0-80 degree
87. Radial nerve root value: C5C6C7C8T1 121. Flat triangular bone: scapula
88. Wrist drop: due to radial nerve injury 122. Shoulder joint articulation: head of humerus
89. Claw hand: due to ulnar nerve injury and glenoid cavity of scapula
90. Carpal tunnel syndrome: median nerve 123. Shoulder joint movement: flexion, extension,
91. Ape hand: median nerve adduction, abduction, internal and external
92. Winging of scapula: long thoracic nerve. Serratus rotation, circumduction
anterior muscle 124. Acromioclavicular joint articulation:
93. Colles fracture: A Colles Fracture is a complete acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the
fracture of the radius bone of the forearm close to clavicle
125. Sternoclavicular joint articulation: sternal end 151. Axilla: armpit, is a pyramid-shaped space
of the clavicle, the manubrium sterni, and the 1st between the upper part of the arm and the side of
costal cartilage the chest.
126. Elbow joint articulation: between the trochlea 152. Rotator cuff muscle: subscapularis,
and capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor
notch of the ulna and the head of the radius 153. Quadrangular space: quadrangular space is
127. Proximal radioulnar joint articulation: an intermuscular space, located immediately
circumference of the head of the radius and the below the shoulder joint.
anular ligament and the radial notch on the ulna 154. Cubital fossa: is a triangular hollow fossa
128. Distal radioulnar joint articulation: Between depression situated on the front of the elbow.
the rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch 155. Cubital fossa boundaries: laterally
on the radius brachioradialis, medially pronator teres, roof skin
129. Parts of nervous system: central nervous fascia
system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nervous 156. Content of cubital fossa: median nerve, tendon
system (spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and of bicep brachii, radial nerve, termination of
peripheral autonomic nervous system) brachial artery
130. Nervous system: chief controlling and 157. Flexor retinaculum: is a strong fibrous band
coordinating system of human body which bridges the anterior concavity of the carpus
131. Spinal nerve: 31 pairs and converts it into a tunnel, the carpal tunnel
132. Synovial joints: ball and socket, saddle, 158. Extensor retinaculum: is a thickening of deep
ellipsoid, hinge, pivot fascia that stretches across the back of the wrist
133. Ball and socket joint example: shoulder, hip and holds the long extensor tendons in position.
134. Hinge joint type: elbow, ankle 159. Carpal tunnel: is a narrow passageway found
135. Pivot joint type: superior and inferior on the anterior portion of the wrist. It serves as the
radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial joint entrance to the palm for several tendons and the
136. Ellipsoid joint type: wrist joint median nerve
137. Condylar joint example: knee joint, 160. Anatomic snuffbox: triangular skin depression
temporomandibular joint on the lateral side of the wrist that is bounded
138. Saddle sellar joint: first carpometacarpal medially by the tendon of the extensor pollicis
joint, sternoclavicular joint, joint between femur longus and laterally by the tendons of the abductor
and patella pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
139. Spin movement: Simple rotation around the clinical importance the scaphoid bone is most
bone's stationary mechanical axis easily palpated here and that the pulsations of the
radial artery can be felt here
140. Closed pack position: When the joint surfaces
become completely congruent, their area of 161. Dupuytren contracture: dupuytren contracture
contact is maximal and they are tightly is a localized thickening and contracture of the
compressed palmar aponeurosis, which limits hand function
and may eventually disable the hand
141. Loose pack position: All other positions of
incongruence. Examples: Least packed position
142. Compound joint: Joint possessing more than
one pair of articulating surfaces
143. Degree of freedom: Number of axes at which
the bone in a joint can move
144. Synarthosis: immovable joint
145. Amphiarthosis: slightly moveable joint
146. Diarthosis: freely moveable joint
147. Shoulder joint type: ball and socket joint
148. Elbow joint type: synovial hinge joint
149. Wrist joint type: synovial ellipsoid joint
150. Wrist joint articulation: distal end of the
radius and the articular disc above and the
scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones below
162. Thorax: Region between neck and abdomen 188. Mediastinum: an area found in the midline of
163. Mediastinum: cavity of the thorax can be divided the thoracic cavity, that is surrounded by the left and
into a median partition right pleural sacs.
164. Sternum: flat bone lie on front of chest 189. Division of mediastinum: superior and inferior,
165. Manubrium sterni: is the upper part of the inferior further divide into anterior, middle,
sternum posterior
166. Xiphoid process: is a thin plate of cartilage lie 190. Content of superior mediastinum: arch of aorta,
lower part of sternum brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery,
167. Sternal angle: formed by the articulation of the left subclavian artery, superior vena cave, vagus
manubrium with the body of the sternum also called nerve, phrenic nerve
angle of louis 191. Content of inferior mediastinum posterior:
168. Ribs: 12 pair all of which are attached esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos vein,
posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. vagus nerve, lymph nodes
169. False ribs: 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs of ribs are 192. Content Inferior mediastinum anterior: areolar
attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib tissue, sternopericardial ligament, lymph nodes,
170. True ribs: upper seven pairs are attached lower part of thymus
anteriorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages 193. Content of inferior mediastinum middle: heart
171. Floating ribs: The 11th and 12th pairs have no enclosed with pericardium, ascending aorta,
anterior attachment pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve,
172. Typical ribs: long, twisted, flat rounded. 3 to 9th deep cardiac plexus, bifurcation of trachea
173. Atypical: 1,2,9, 11,12 194. Pleural cavity: fluid filled space that surrounds
the lungs
174. Inlet of thorax superior aperture: narrow upper
end of the thorax, which is continues with the neck is 195. Pleura: pleura is serous membrane which is
called the inlet of the thorax. It is kidney shaped lined by mesothelium
175. Thoracic vertebra: 12 in number 196. Division of pleura: visceral and parietal pleura
176. Typical thoracic vertebra: 8th-12th 197. Pulmonary ligament: parietal pleura
surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards
177. Atypical thoracic vertebra: 1,9,10,11,12
beyond the root as a fold called the pulmonary
178. Function of external intercostal muscle: help in
ligament.
inspiration
198. Division of parietal pleura: costal,
179. Function of internal intercostal muscle: help in
diaphragmatic, cervical, mediastinal
expiration
199. Recesses of pleura: Anteriorly and
180. Diaphragm: thin muscular and tendinous
posteroinferiorly, the pleural cavity is not
septum that separates the chest cavity above from
completely filled by the lungs. This gives rise to
the abdominal cavity below
recesses – where the opposing surfaces of the
181. Function of diaphragm: main muscle of
parietal pleura touch
inspiration
200. Recesses: costodiaphragmatic and
182. Nerve supply of diaphragm: phrenic nerve
costomediatinal
183. Diaphragm origin: xiphoid process, lower 6
201. Trachea: mobile cartilaginous and membranous
costal cartilages, first three lumbar vertebra
tube begins in the neck as a continuation of the
184. Diaphragm insertion: central tendon larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage at
185. Intercostal nerve: intercostal nerves are the the level of the 6th cervical vertebra. It descends in
anterior rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves. the midline of the neck.
186. Opening of diaphragm: aortic, esophageal, 202. Length of trachea: adults, the trachea is about 4
caval 1/2 in. (11.25 cm) long and 1 in. (2.5 cm) in
187. Joints of thorax: manubriosternal joint, diameter
costovertebral joint, costotranverse joint, 203. Bronchi: trachea bifurcates behind the arch of
costochondral joint, chondrosternal joint, the aorta into the right and left principal (primary or
interchondral joint, intervertebral joint main) bronchi
204. Right principal bronchi: wider, shorter, vertical,
1-inch length
205. Left principal bronchi: narrow, longer, 223. Boarder of heart: upper, inferior, right and left
horizontal, 2-inch length boarder
206. Lungs: lungs are a pair of respiratory organs 224. atrioventricular or coronary sulcus: The atria
situated in the thoracic cavity. and ventricle are separated by sulcus or grove
207. Weight of lungs: right lung 700gm, left lung 225. apex of heart: apex of heart formed by left
600gm ventricle
208. Anatomical feature of lung: conical in shape, 226. base of heart: formed by left atrium and right
upper end apex, lower end rest on diaphragm, 3 atrium
boarder ant, post, inf, and two surface costal and 227. arteries: These are distributing channels which
medial carry blood away from the heart
209. Right lungs: 3 lobes and 2 fissure 228. Veins: These are draining channels which carry
210. Left lungs: 2 lobes and oblique 1 fissure blood from different parts of the body back to the
211. Special feature of left lung: lingual and cardiac heart. Like rivers, the veins are formed by
notch tributaries
212. Bronchopulmonary segment: bronchopulmonary 229. crux of heart: Crux of the heart is the meeting
segments are the anatomic, functional, and surgical point of intra atrial, atrioventricular and posterior
units of the lungs. Each segmental bronchus passes interventricular grooves
to a structurally and functionally independent unit of 230. types of circulation in heart: systemic and
a lung lobe pulmonary
213. Bronchopulmonary segment right lung: upper 231. valves of heart: atrioventricular valves,
middle and lower lobe semilunar valves, mitral valves, tri and bicuspid
214. Bronchopulmonary segment of left lung: upper valves
and lower lobe 232. atrioventricular valve: Two heart valves located
215. Bronchioles: air passages inside the lungs that between atria and ventricles
branch off like tree limbs from the bronchi 233. atrioventricular valve: AV valve include
216. Alveoli: where the lungs and the blood exchange tricuspid valve between RA and RV, and bicuspid
oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of valve (or mitral valve ) between LA and LV.
breathing in and breathing out 234. Function of AV valve: AV valves prevent
217. Pericardium: pericardium is a fibrous sac that backflow into atria
encloses the heart and great vessels 235. Function of SL valve: SL valves prevent
218. Function of pericardium: protect from injury, fix backflow into ventricles.
the heart, lubrication, protect form infection, prevent 236. Function of left ventricle: The left ventricle
overfilling receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it
219. Heart: heart is a muscular organ that pumps through the aortic artery to all of the tissues of the
blood around the body by circulating it through the body
circulatory/vascular system 237. Function of left atrium: The left atrium receives
220. Shape of heart: The heart is shaped as a oxygenated blood from the lungs via the left and
quadrangular pyramid, and orientated as if the right pulmonary veins.
pyramid has fallen onto one of its sides so that its 238. Arterial supply of heart: right and left coronary
base faces the posterior thoracic wall, and its apex artery
is pointed toward the anterior thoracic wall 239. Conductive system of heart: SA NODE-AV
221. Chamber of heart: four, right and left atria and NODE- Bundle of His- Purkunjie Fiber
right and left ventricle 240. Average human heart weight: 280 and 340
222. Surface of heart: anterior, inferior, lateral grams) in men, (230 and 280 grams) in women