Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

Table of Contents
Samba Authenticated Gateway HOWTO........................................................................................................1
Ricardo Alexandre Mattar........................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1
2. Requirements.......................................................................................................................................1
3. Linux box setup...................................................................................................................................1
4. An alternative solution.........................................................................................................................1
5. SSH setup.............................................................................................................................................1
6. Windows workstation setup.................................................................................................................1
7. User management.................................................................................................................................2
8. Group management..............................................................................................................................2
9. Bibliography........................................................................................................................................2
10. GNU Free Documentation License....................................................................................................2
1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Candy.................................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Disclaimer..........................................................................................................................................3
1.4 New versions......................................................................................................................................3
1.5 Translations........................................................................................................................................3
1.6 Feedback............................................................................................................................................3
1.7 Copyright and trademarks..................................................................................................................4
1.8 Acknowledgments and Thanks..........................................................................................................4
2. Requirements.......................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Knowledge.........................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Software.............................................................................................................................................4
3. Linux box setup...................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Basic system setup.............................................................................................................................5
3.2 Additional directory hierarchy...........................................................................................................5
3.3 Firewall setup.....................................................................................................................................5
3.4 SAMBA setup....................................................................................................................................6
Basic SAMBA setup.........................................................................................................................6
The "logon script".............................................................................................................................7
The netlogon and the tracking shares................................................................................................7
4. An alternative solution.......................................................................................................................11
5. SSH setup...........................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Important..........................................................................................................................................11
5.2 Key pair generation..........................................................................................................................11
5.3 SSH enabled logon script.................................................................................................................11
6. Windows workstation setup...............................................................................................................12
6.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................12
6.2 Network protocols............................................................................................................................12
6.3 DHCP setup.....................................................................................................................................12
6.4 Join your Linux server domain........................................................................................................12
Windows fo workgroups.................................................................................................................12
Windows 95/98/ME........................................................................................................................12
Windows NT...................................................................................................................................13
Windows 2000.................................................................................................................................13
Windows XP....................................................................................................................................13
6.5 Policy editor.....................................................................................................................................14

i
 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

Table of Contents
Samba Authenticated Gateway HOWTO
7. User management...............................................................................................................................14
7.1 Adding users....................................................................................................................................14
7.2 Password management.....................................................................................................................14
7.3 Granting or denying access to users.................................................................................................14
8. Group management............................................................................................................................15
8.1 Creating groups................................................................................................................................15
8.2 Group policy....................................................................................................................................15
9. Bibliography......................................................................................................................................15
10. GNU Free Documentation License..................................................................................................16

ii
Samba Authenticated Gateway HOWTO
Ricardo Alexandre Mattar
v1.3, 2005−01−06

This document intends to show how to build a Firewall/Gateway with rules set on user basis having the users
authenticated by a Samba Primary Domain Controller

1. Introduction
• 1.1 Overview
• 1.2 Candy
• 1.3 Disclaimer
• 1.4 New versions
• 1.5 Translations
• 1.6 Feedback
• 1.7 Copyright and trademarks
• 1.8 Acknowledgments and Thanks

2. Requirements
• 2.1 Knowledge
• 2.2 Software

3. Linux box setup

• 3.1 Basic system setup
• 3.2 Additional directory hierarchy
• 3.3 Firewall setup
• 3.4 SAMBA setup

4. An alternative solution
5. SSH setup
• 5.1 Important
• 5.2 Key pair generation
• 5.3 SSH enabled logon script

6. Windows workstation setup

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Network protocols
• 6.3 DHCP setup

Samba Authenticated Gateway HOWTO 1

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
• 6.4 Join your Linux server domain
• 6.5 Policy editor

7. User management
• 7.1 Adding users
• 7.2 Password management
• 7.3 Granting or denying access to users

8. Group management
• 8.1 Creating groups
• 8.2 Group policy

9. Bibliography
10. GNU Free Documentation License

1. Introduction
As you can see by the poorness of my language, English is not my native language. I am writing this
document in English for the sake of the Linux community. So, please, excuse me for my poor English. And,
please, if you speak Portuguese, address me in this language.

This document intends to enlighten you (and myself) in the process of building a Linux Gateway or Firewall,
which modify rules on demand when users log in or out from their Windows workstations.

In this document, I will try to show how to build a gateway to NAT or MASQUERADE Windows
workstations. Use your imagination to modify it to get any level of network management. You may use it to
grant or deny access to services, servers or entire subnetworks on your network.

Imagine that you have to build a gateway to let Windows workstation access the Internet and that you need to
authenticate each user before letting them access the external networks. The first solution you think about is
Squid. It's indeed a great solution, when http and ftp access is enough for your users. When it comes to let
them access other services like pop, smtp, ssh, a database server or whatever else, you immediately think
about NAT or MASQUERADE. But what happens to the user authentication?

Well, this is my solution. It gives you user authentication and fine grain control over their access to the
external networks.

1.1 Overview
We know that SAMBA can act as a Domain Controller and so it can authenticate users on Windows boxes. As
a PDC, SAMBA can push netlogon scripts to the Windows workstations. We can use this netlogon scripts to
force the Windows workstations mounting a given share from our Linux PDC. This "forced" share shall have
preexec and postexec scripts which shall be triggered when the user logs in or out. There is a program named
smbstatus which lists the shares being used, giving us also the username and ip address of the workstation.

6. Windows workstation setup 2

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
We just need to grep this information from smbstatus output and update our firewall rules.

1.2 Candy
If you are impatient and don't like to read, go to [Link] but in the end you
may find yourself coming back here to read.

1.3 Disclaimer
No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples and other content
at your own risk. As this is a new edition of this document, there may be errors and inaccuracies, that may of
course be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely, the author(s)
do not take any responsibility for that.

All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this
document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.

1.4 New versions

The newest release of this document can be found at [Link] or at [Link]

Related HOWTOs can be found at the Linux Documentation Project homepage at [Link]

1.5 Translations
A Portuguese version is available.

A French translation by Guillaume Lelarge is available at [Link]

A Hungarian translation is available at [Link]

If you want to contribute with a translation, please do.

1.6 Feedback
Contributions and criticism are both welcome.

Corrections to my English are also very welcome!

If you find any bugs in the scripts included, please tell me.

You can find me at ricardo@[Link] or at [Link]@[Link]

1.1 Overview 3
 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

1.7 Copyright and trademarks

Copyright (c) 2002−2003 Ricardo Alexandre Mattar

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front−Cover Texts, and no Back−Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

1.8 Acknowledgments and Thanks

Thanks to Carlos Alberto Reis Ribeiro for introducing me to Linux.

Thanks to Cesar Bremer Pinheiro for motivating me to write this document.

Thanks to Guillaume Lelarge for the (continuous) help with the revision.

Thanks to Erik Esplund for further language corrections.

Thanks to Albert Teixidó for code improvements.

Thanks to Felipe Cordeiro Caetano for helping on my main testing site.

Thanks to the secure communications company RASEAC for sponsoring my work.

2. Requirements
2.1 Knowledge
This document is target at the seasoned systems administrator.

You must have a fair knowledge about (at least know what these are):

• TCP/IP;
• Linux netfilter;
• A scripting language (bash?);
• SAMBA and Windows networking and domain controllers;

Fortunately, there is plenty of documentation on these topics on the Internet.

2.2 Software
Installed on your server, you will need at least:

• Samba;
• Iptables;
• A scripting language;

1.7 Copyright and trademarks 4

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

3. Linux box setup

This Howto assumes you have a kernel from the 2.4 series as it uses iptables. Other than that, there are no
known issues why this should not work on a 2.2 kernel box with the scripts adapted to ipchains.

Of course, you need to install the iptables userland tools, an apache http server if you want to run a CGI tool
to change passwords and SAMBA. And you will need a kernel compiled with iptables modules.

You may wish to use DHCP. If so, it is easy to set up. Remember to configure the dhcp server to give the
nameserver IP address and the gateway IP address as well. The Windows machines will make good use of this
information.

3.1 Basic system setup

Generally any basic system setup from the common Linux distributions will fit in this gateway example. Just
check if you have Samba and IPTABLES.

3.2 Additional directory hierarchy

The additional directory hierarchy will be required to accomplish the example of this howto:

This is used to keep track of the users and IP addresses:

/var/run/smbgate/

This is where I place user specific scripts:

/etc/smbgate/users/

And group specific scripts:

/etc/smbgate/groups/

Directory for the netlogon share:

/home/samba/netlogon/

Directory for the tracking share:

/home/samba/samba/

These hierarchies are required by some of the scripts and daemons of the example.

3.3 Firewall setup

Its very unlikely that your distribution's kernel won't be compiled with Iptables and the userland tools won't be
installed either. Anyway, if you don't have it, refer to [Link] or [Link] to
get the software and the documentation.

3. Linux box setup 5

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

You will need a basic firewall setup in order to get the gateway working. Take a look at the iptables tutorial at
IPTABLES TUTORIAL. It's an interesting reading. Anyway, if you have no time to spend, the following
code is somewhat (very) loose but it may fit your needs:

#!/bin/sh
IPTABLES=/usr/sbin/iptables
/sbin/depmod −a
/sbin/insmod ip_tables
/sbin/insmod ip_conntrack
/sbin/insmod ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/insmod ip_conntrack_irc
/sbin/insmod iptable_nat
/sbin/insmod ip_nat_ftp
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr
$IPTABLES −P INPUT ACCEPT
$IPTABLES −F INPUT
$IPTABLES −P OUTPUT ACCEPT
$IPTABLES −F OUTPUT
$IPTABLES −P FORWARD ACCEPT
$IPTABLES −F FORWARD
$IPTABLES −t nat −F

You will notice that this code actually does nothing, but load the kernel modules related to nat and firewalling
and turns the packet routing on. You can (and should) place any rules there to give your gateway a standard
behavior, but the big magic will be done by scripts called by the SAMBA daemon.

Please, remember that this code doesn't have the least bit of security! Don't use these examples in production
environments. This example intends only to be educational. You have to add a firewall configuration that suits
your systems.

You have been warned!

3.4 SAMBA setup

Check if you have Samba installed. If your distribution doesn't come with Samba pre−packaged then refer to
[Link] to get the packages and for documentation on how to install Samba. Brows around
their web site and learn about it. The site has plenty of documentation and maybe your LINUX distribution
also has plenty of SAMBA documentation.

We will need to setup SAMBA as a Primary Domain Controller. I will give an example configuration file
here, but you should read the Samba HOWTO Collection and learn all you can about a PDC.

Basic SAMBA setup.

Since I do not intend to rewrite the SAMBA documentation, here goes a sample [Link] file:

# Global parameters
[global]
workgroup = DOMAIN
netbios name = LINUX
server string = Linux PDC
encrypt passwords = Yes
map to guest = Bad Password
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd

3.3 Firewall setup 6

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
unix password sync = Yes
max log size = 50
time server = Yes
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd −d /dev/null −g 100 −s /bin/false −M %u
logon script = %[Link]
domain logons = Yes
os level = 64
lm announce = True
preferred master = True
domain master = True
dns proxy = No
printing = lprng
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
path = /home/%u
read only = No
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = Yes
browseable = No
available = No
[netlogon]
comment = NetLogon ShARE
path = /home/samba/netlogon
guest account =
[samba]
comment = login tracking share
path = /home/samba/samba
browseable = No
root preexec = /usr/local/bin/[Link] %u %I
root postexec = /usr/local/bin/[Link] %u

You will have to do with it or read the SAMBA documentation if you really want to control your server and
network.

The "logon script"

Using "logon script = %[Link]" makes samba evaluate the guest os and call an appropriated logon script. If you
want a static script, just change to "logon script = [Link]". Actually you can do anything here and even
generate any script during the logon.

The netlogon and the tracking shares

The netlogon share is where the Windows workstations download the logon script from. We need this share in
order to place there a logon script, which will tell the workstation to mount a share that will be used to track
the users ip addresses.

As you can see, there must be a line like the following in your [Link]

logon script = [Link]

This line will tell your Windows client to download and execute the script named [Link]. This script
must be placed at the netlogon share. So, we will also need a [Link] script to your Windows
workstations. You can use the following example and place it at the netlogon share, in this case:

Basic SAMBA setup. 7

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
/home/samba/netlogon/[Link].

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes

This script will tell the Windows workstation to mount the specified share, and so we will be able to keep
track of the user and workstation through the output of the smbstatus program.

Quite simple! But not enough...

As you could see, we will need also a tracking share which, in this example, I named samba. You can see the
tracking share configuration in [Link]:

[samba]
comment = login tracking share
path = /home/samba/samba
browseable = No
root preexec = /usr/local/bin/[Link] %u %I
root postexec = /usr/local/bin/[Link] %u

As you can guess or know if you read the SAMBA documentation, the root preexec and the root postexec
lines tell SAMBA to run the indicated scripts when a user mounts or unmounts the share. In this case, we are
passing the username to the script as a parameter. Note the %u at the end of the lines. These scripts are the
beasts which will call a script or program to modify our gateway's packet filtering rules.

Note that the [Link] script must check if the refered workstation has already mounted the tracking share.

Take a look at the [Link] and [Link] scripts:

#!/bin/sh
#
# [Link]
#
# usage:
# [Link] <username>
#
if [ −f /var/run/smbgate/$1 ] ; then
exit 0
fi
echo $2 > /var/run/smbgate/$1
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
EXTIF='eth0'
COMMAND='−A'
ADDRESS=`cat /var/run/smbgate/$1`
GROUP=`groups $1 | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/users/$1 ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/users/$1 $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
else
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
else
/etc/smbgate/users/[Link] $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
fi
fi

The netlogon and the tracking shares 8

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
This script ([Link]) is intended to run when the user logs in and will select the which scripts will be
executed based on the user name and to which group the user belongs. The user's ip address will be written to
a file at /var/run/smbgate for tracking purposes. The file will take the user's name and will be later used when
the user log off. The IP address will be passed as an argument to a script with the users' name which will
finally update the firewall.

Notice that this [Link] script tries a user script, then if it can't find the user script it tries a group script,
and finally if it can't find the group script it tries the [Link] script. You can modify this logic and behavior
as you wish and need, just remember to modify the others accordingly.

Chances are if the user belong to more than one that these scripts will fail. I did not have time to write a better
code.

#!/bin/sh
#
# [Link]
#
# usage:
# [Link] <username>
#
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
EXTIF='ppp0'
COMMAND='−D'
TRACKSHARE="samba"
ADDRESS=`cat /var/run/smbgate/$1`
GROUP=`groups $1 | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
NM=`smbstatus −u $1 | grep $TRACKSHARE | wc −l`
if [ $NM −gt 0 ]; then
exit
fi
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/users/$1 ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/users/$1 $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
else
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
else
/etc/smbgate/users/[Link] $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
fi
fi
rm −f /var/run/smbgate/$1

This script ([Link]) is intended to run when the user logs off and will get the address from the
/var/run/smbgate/user file which will be passed as an argument to the /etc/smbgate/users/user script which will
update the firewall to the state desired when the user is not logged in.

Some versions of Windows, such as Windows 2000, mount the tracking share more than once per login. This
may cause problems with the [Link] and [Link], triggering the scripts more the once. This can
make a real mess. So, you may prefer to use a logout checking script at cron instead of a [Link] script
triggered by SAMBA. Here is an example:

#!/bin/sh
# [Link]
#
# usage:
# intended to run at cron (maybe each 10 minutes)

TRACKDIR="/var/run/smbgate"

The netlogon and the tracking shares 9

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
DIRLENGTH=${#TRACKDIR}
TRACKSHARE="samba"
EXTIF='eth0'
COMMAND='−D'
if [ −d $TRACKDIR ]; then
for n in $TRACKDIR/*; do
[ −d $n ] && continue;
if [ −f $n ] ; then
IPADDRESS=`cat $n`
USERNAME=${n:$DIRLENGTH+1}
NMS=`smbstatus −u $USERNAME | grep $TRACKSHARE | grep $IPADDRESS | grep −v grep | wc −l`
if [ $NMS == 0 ] ; then
rm −f $n
GROUP=`groups $USERNAME | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/users/$USERNAME ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/users/$USERNAME $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
else
if [ −f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
/etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
else
/etc/smbgate/users/[Link] $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
fi
fi
fi
else
exit 0
fi
done
fi

In that case you should remove the root postexec clause from the tracking share on [Link]:

root postexec = /usr/local/bin/[Link] %u

The following is a standard /etc/smbgate/users/user script. This is the one which will actually modify the
firewall rules.

#!/bin/sh
#
COMMAND=$1
ADDRESS=$2
EXTIF=$3
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −j MASQUERADE

We should also have a [Link] script at /etc/smbgate/users/ to give the gateway a default behavior.

#!/bin/sh
#
# [Link]
COMMAND=$1
ADDRESS=$2
EXTIF=$3
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
#$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −j MASQUERADE
exit 0

The netlogon and the tracking shares 10

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

4. An alternative solution
The whole scheme of mounting a tracking share and triggering scripts to update the firewall and waiting for
them to be triggered again on unmounting to reset the firewall rule may be too confusing and loose. It may
become even obsolete as the Samba project release new features.

The latest Samba release has the capability of listing the logged users. I used this feature in a script to track
the users and update the firewall as they log in and out. This script does not require all the work described on
this text. It is very easy to use actually.

You can download the code from the project site at [Link]

5. SSH setup
You may want to run your PDC on one box and have another box as a managed gateway for any reason. If so
you must setup your gateway to accept rsa authenticated logins without passwords from the PDC.

Take a look at [Link] for information on how to properly setup your ssh server and client for this.

5.1 Important
You should read the ssh documentation and make shure that you fully understand what you are doing when
you setup rsa or any other kind of cryptographic authentication.

If security isn't an issue, just use my example and go on.

5.2 Key pair generation

To create a key pair issue the following commands on the manchine meant to be the PDC:

pdc:~# ssh−keygen −t rsa

Answer the questions and copy the resulting public key to the gateway it self. Usually the public key goes to
"~.ssh/id_rsa.pub"

pdc:~# cd .ssh
pdc:~# scp id_rsa.pub root@gateway:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys2

5.3 SSH enabled logon script

The following is a standard /etc/smbgate/users/user script modified to use the ssh cryptographic
authentication.

#!/bin/sh
#
COMMAND=$1
ADDRESS=$2
EXTIF=$3
IPTABLES='/sbin/iptables'
ssh root@gateway $IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −j MASQUERADE

4. An alternative solution 11
 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

Note that the iptables binary in called through ssh at the "gateway". Again, make sure that you read the ssh
server documentation.

6. Windows workstation setup

6.1 Introduction
We will stick to setting up the network, user management and policies on the Windows workstations.

I will not go through all those steps, naming each dialog box. I will presume that if you can read and
understand this document you can find your way through that mess.

6.2 Network protocols

First, unless you really need, remove all network protocols but TCP/IP. Even without their own protocol,
Windows machines like to broadcast a lot, and this doesn't please anyone. Anyway, with TCP/IP who needs
anything else?

6.3 DHCP setup

If you setup a DHCP server on your Linux box, remember that Windows workstations can get the
nameservers and gateway's address besides its own IP address from it. So, you don't need to set all these items
on each workstation.

6.4 Join your Linux server domain

Configure the Windows workstation to log in a Domain, and give the domain name of your Linux server. This
is essential to the gateway work.

You must know that in order to join some versions of Windows to a SAMBA domain controller, you must
create machine accounts in your Linux PDC. Check the SAMBA documentation on how to setup your PDC to
the specific version of Windows which you have.

Windows fo workgroups
This version seems to need no special configuration to join the Linux PDC domain.

The netlogon script shall be named "[Link]" so when %a is translated the right script is chosen.

Example:

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes

Windows 95/98/ME
These versions also seems to need no special configuration to join the Linux PDC domain.

5.3 SSH enabled logon script 12

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

The netlogon script shall be named "[Link]" so when %a is translated the right script is chosen.

Example:

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes

Windows NT
This version requires machine accounts at the Linux box. Check the SAMBA documentation.

The netlogon script shall be named "[Link]" so when %a is translated the right script is chosen.

Example:

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes /persistent:no

Windows 2000
This version requires machine accounts at the Linux box. Again, check the SAMBA documentation.

The netlogon script shall be named "[Link]" so when %a is translated the right script is chosen.

Example:

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes /persistent:no

Windows XP
This version needs a machine account at the Linux box and a tweak at the registry, as follows.

Locate the key

"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\RequireSignOrSeal".
The default value is 1. Set it to 0 and it will no more complain about joining the domain.

If you have many workstation to configure create a file named [Link] with the following content and
use it to modify the "faulty" registry.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters]
"requiresignorseal"=dword:00000000

This version also needs an adjust at the logon script. Sometimes it insists on making the mounting persistent.
The netlogon script shall be named "[Link]" so when %a is translated the right script is chosen.

Example:

REM [Link]
net use z: \\linux\samba /yes /persistent:no

Windows 95/98/ME 13
 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

6.5 Policy editor

There is a utility named policy editor bundled on the Windows CD. The file name is [Link]. This tool, as
the name suggest, allows to create a user and system policy file.

Unfortunately, this tool does not generate a plain text configuration file, so I can't place an example here.

Use the policy editor to create a policy to your workstations and users. You should disable the local password
cache and domain cache in order to get some security. Save the policy file as [Link] and place it at the
netlogon share of your Linux server. In this way, your Windows workstations will download and use the
[Link] file to set their policy. Of course this task must be done on a Windows machine.

If you don't use a [Link] file, your Windows workstations will annoy you asking for a Windows password
and you will become nuts trying to synchronize and manage your Domain and Windows passwords. It seems
that the OS doesn't know that it joined a domain. You must tell it and then you have to slap it in the face so it
will believe you.

7. User management
7.1 Adding users
Adding a Linux user by usual means and setting a samba password using smbpasswd will work. If you have
any doubt, just refer to the SAMBA documentation. This is not a difficult issue.

7.2 Password management

I am issuing this a major topic because I couldn't learn yet how to manage users and users' passwords from a
Windows workstation without using a web interface. I couldn't find and didn't know how to build integrated
tools to solve this problem. So, I am using a CGI program to get it done.

Try the package at [Link] it seems to be a good choice.

7.3 Granting or denying access to users

As you could see in a previous section of this howto, the SAMBA daemon will call a [Link] script every
time the tracking share is mounted. This [Link] script will call a script with the user's name giving this
script the ip address of the refered workstation as a parameter. This user script will apply the desired rules.

For example if you want to give the user full access to internet:

#!/bin/sh
#
COMMAND=$1
ADDRESS=$2
EXTIF=$3
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −j MASQUERADE

If you don't want to change anything to a particular user, just give him an empty script:

6.5 Policy editor 14

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
#/bin/sh
#
exit 0

Or just don't create any script for the less privileged users, letting them have the [Link] script, which would
be empty as the previous or just give limited access as follows:

#!/bin/sh
#
COMMAND=$1
ADDRESS=$2
EXTIF=$3
EXTIFADDRESS=$4
IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −−dport 25 −j SNAT −−to−source $EXTIF
$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING −t nat −s $ADDRESS −o $EXTIF −−dport 110 −j SNAT −−to−source $EXTI

Remember that this script requires you to modify all the previous scripts to include the extra parameter ou just
modify the script script. And remember that you will go nowhere whis this howto if you don't understand
iptables.

8. Group management
8.1 Creating groups
Just create your user groups in the Linux PDC and add the users to the groups. This is it.

Remember that the example scripts in this howto will probably fail if you have users belonging to more than
one group. If you need this, remember to adjust the scripts.

8.2 Group policy

You will need to define group specific scripts and place them in the directory "/etc/smbgate/groups/".
Remember that the script must be named as the group, at least if you want to follow the examples in this
howto.

The default scheme of this howto is to check for a user script, then for a group script and finally for the default
script. If you want to modify this behavior remember to adapt the [Link], [Link] (or the
[Link]) scripts. The whole logic is in these scripts.

9. Bibliography
IPTABLES TUTORIAL by Oskar Andreasson

Samba HOWTO Collection by the SAMBA Team

7.3 Granting or denying access to users 15

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

10. GNU Free Documentation License

GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111−1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in
the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
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others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed
for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs
free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of
subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
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This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the
copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front−matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of
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not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document
may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are
none.

10. GNU Free Documentation License 16

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front−Cover Texts or Back−Cover
Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front−Cover Text may be at
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine−readable copy, represented in a format whose
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to
the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but
only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is
void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially,
provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

10. GNU Free Documentation License 17

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document,
numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front−Cover Texts on the front cover,
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any
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4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3
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A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those
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Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright
notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to
use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G.
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the
Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled
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any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before
the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section

10. GNU Free Documentation License 18

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO
Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L.
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".
Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be
Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty
Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front−matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections
and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your
Modified Version by various parties−−for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for
publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined
in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant
Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may
be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to
the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents,
forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and
replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.

10. GNU Free Documentation License 19

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in
or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the
compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
permit. When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the
aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document
is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the
terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license
notices in the Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English
version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version
will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement

(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this
License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See [Link]

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a
particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
Foundation.

10. GNU Free Documentation License 20

 Samba−Authenticated−Gateway−HOWTO

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the
following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front−Cover Texts, and no Back−Cover Texts. A
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front−Cover Texts and Back−Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line
with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front−Cover Texts being LIST, and with
the Back−Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two
alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in
parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.

10. GNU Free Documentation License 21