DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR POWER

PLANT BY USING PV SYST SOFTWARE

A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By
P. BHARGAVI
(319136414010)
N. LEELA DEBORAH P. RUPA
(319136414003) (319136414011)
K. YAMUNA
(319136414009)
Under the esteemed guidance of
Dr. ANAND GONDESI B.Tech., M.Tech., PhD.

Head of the Department

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Dr LANKAPALLI BULLAYYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (FOR WOMEN)

VISAKHAPATNAM-530013
(2019-2023)

Acknowledgement
 We avail this opportunity to eternal to our teacher and esteemed

guide Dr. ANAND GONDESI, Professor and Head of the department in

Electrical & Electronics engineering, whose splendid guidance, authentic

supervision, assiduous cooperation and constant moral support

throughout the duration of entire course of this work.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Prof. D. DEEPAK

CHOWDARY, Principal Dr L Bullayya college of Engineering (for women)

for creating facilities for carrying on this project work.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. ANAND GONDESI,

professor and Head of the department for creating encouraging and

providing facilities in the department.

Words cannot quantify our indebtedness to our parents whose

blessings inflamed us to carry out our course work. It would not have

been possible to complete the project without affection, indispensable

inspiration and moral support from rest of our family members.

M/s P.BHARGAVI (319136414010)

M/s N.LEELA DEBORAH (319136414003)
M/s P.RUPA (319136414011)
M/s K.YAMUNA (319136414009)
 Dr. LANKAPALLI BULLAYYA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING (FOR WOMEN)

Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF

SOLAR POWER PLANT BY USING PV SYST.SOFTWARE” that is being

submitted by M/s P. BHARGAVI, M/s N. LEELA DEBORAH, M/s P. RUPA, M/s

K. YAMUNA of 2019-2023 batch with Regd. No 319136414010,

319136414003, 319136414011,319136414009 in partial fulfillment for the

award of Degree of Bachelor Of Engineering in Electrical & Electronics

Engineering is a record of bonafide work carried out by them under my

guidance and supervision. This results embodied in this thesis have not been

submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or

Diploma.

Dr. ANAND GONDESI

Head of the Department,
Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engg,
Dr.Lankapalli Bullayya college of Engg,
Visakhapatnam 530013.
ABSTRACT

Electricity is one of the most important physical phenomena that is used in every step to run

this world. There are many discoveries and many research program that are associated to find the

best and efficient way to get the source for electricity. We now have many sources of electricity

such as thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, tidal etc. But it is very much observed

that some of such sources use the non-renewable resources which cause pollution and lead to

global warming. And using the renewable energy resources such as hydro energy may involve

lot of expensiveness. Taking all such key points into consideration, there is one such resource

that is neither expensive nor harmful to the world i.e., Solar power.

Solar power plants harness the energy from the sun to generate electricity. This renewable

energy source has become increasingly popular in recent years as a way to reduce dependence on

fossil fuels and mitigate the impacts of climate change. A solar power plant typically consists of

solar panels, inverters, and other electrical components that work together to convert the sun's

energy into usable electricity. This project aims to design and build a solar power plant that can

generate a significant amount of electricity, while also being cost-effective and efficient. The

plant will be located in an area with high levels of sunlight, and the design will take into account

factors such as temperature, wind, and shading to ensure maximum energy production. The goal

of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of solar power as a reliable source of clean

energy, and to contribute to the transition towards a more sustainable energy system.
 INDEX

S.NO DESCRIPTION Page

no.

Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objective

1.2 Solar PV Potential

1.3 Proposed power plant

Chapter-2 PROJECT SUMMARY: 24

2.1 Problem Statement 24

2.2 Proposed solution 24

Chapter-3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 25

Chapter-4 LOCATION AND INFRASTUCTURE FACILITIES: 27

4.1 Site selection 27

4.2 Proposed location and land availability

 CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION
 1.INTRODUCTION

Power Scenario in India:

The electricity sector in India supplies the world's 6th largest energy consumer,

accounting for 3.4% of global energy consumption by more than 17% of global

population. the Energy policy of India is predominantly controlled by the

Government of India's, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Coal and Ministry of New

Renewable Energy and administered locally by Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).

About 70% of the electricity consumed in India is generated by thermal power

plants, 21% by hydroelectric power plants and 4% by nuclear power plants. More

than 50% of India's commercial energy demand is met through the country's vast

coal reserves. The country has also invested heavily in recent years in renewable

energy utilization, especially wind energy. In 2010, India's installed wind generated

electric capacity was 13,064 MW. Additionally, India has committed massive

amount of funds for the construction of various nuclear reactors which would

generate at least 30,000 MW. In July 2009, India unveiled a $19 billion plan to

produce 100,000 MW of solar power by 2023.

Due to the fast-paced growth of India's economy, the country's energy demand has

grown an average of 3.6% per annum over the past 30 years. In December 2010, the

installed power generation capacity of India stood at 165,000 MW and per capita

energy consumption stood at 612 kWh. The country's annual energy production

increased from about 190 billion kWh in 1986 to more than 680 billion kWH in

2006. The Indian government has set a modest target to add approximately 78,000
MW of installed generation capacity by 2012 which it is likely to miss. The total

demand for electricity in India is expected to cross 950,000 MW by 2030.

According to a research report published by Citigroup Global Markets, India is

expected to add up to 113 GW of installed capacity by 2017. Further, renewable

capacity might increase from 15.5 GW to 36.0 GW. In the private sector, major

capacity additions are planned in Reliance Power (35 GW) and CESC (7 GW).

Administration

The Ministry of Power is the apex body responsible for coordination

administration of the electrical energy sector in India. This ministry started

functioning independently from 2 July 1992; earlier, it was known as the Ministry

of Energy. The Union Minister of Power at present is Sushilkumar Shinde of the

Congress Party who took charge of the ministry on 28 May 2009.

Technical

`Major PSUs involved in the generation of electricity include National Thermal

Power Corporation (NTPC), Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), National

Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) and Nuclear Power Corporation of India

(NPCI). Besides PSUs, several state- level corporations, such as Tamil Nadu

Electricity Board(TNEB) in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra State Electricity

Board(MSEB)in Maharashtra, Kerala State Electricity Board(KSEB) in Kerala, in

Gujarat (MGVCL, PGVCL, DGVCL, UGVCL four distribution Companies and

one controlling body GUVNL, and one generation company GSEC), are also

involved in the generation and intrastate distribution of electricity. The Power Grid

Corporation of India is responsible for the inter-state transmission of electricity and

the development of national grid.

Funding

The Ministry of Power provides funding to national schemes for power projects

via Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC Ltd) and Power Finance

Corporation Limited (PFC Ltd) These Central Public Sector Enterprises provide

loans for both public sector and private sector companies/ projects involved in

building power infrastructure

Demand

Electricity losses in India during transmission and distribution are extremely high

and vary between 30 to 45%. In 2004-05, electricity demand outstripped supply by

7-11%. Due to shortage of electricity, power cuts are common throughout India and

this has adversely effected the country's economic growth. Theft of electricity,

common in most parts of urban India, amounts to 1.5% of India's GDP. Despite an

ambitious rural electrification program, some 400 million Indians lose electricity

access during blackouts. While 80 percent of Indian villages have at least an

electricity line, just 52.5% of rural households have access to electricity.

In urban areas, the access to electricity is 93.1% in 2008. The overall electrification

rate in India is 64.5% while 35.5% of the population still lives without access to

electricity. According to a sample of 97,882 households in 2002, electricity was the

main source of lighting for 53% of rural households compared to 36% in 1993.

Multi Commodity Exchange has sought permission to offer electricity future

markets.

Generation

Grand Total Solar PV Installed Capacity in India (as on 30-09-

2020) is 45GW.

Thermal Power

 Current installed capacity of Thermal Power (as of 30-11-2010) is

108362.98MW which is 64.6% of total installed capacity.

 Current installed base of Coal Based Thermal Power is 89,778.38 MW

which comes to 53.3% of total installed base.

 Current installed base of Gas Based Thermal Power is 17,374.85 MW which

is 10.5% of total installed capacity.

 Current installed base of Oil Based Thermal Power is 1,199.75 MW which

is 0.9% of total installed capacity

Hydro Power

India was one of the pioneering countries in establishing hydro-electric power

plants. The power plants at Darjeeling and Shimsha (Shivanasamudra) were

established in 1898 and 1902 respectively and are among the first in Asia.

The installed capacity as of 30-9-2010 was approximately 37,328.40 MW. The

public sector has a predominant share of 97% in this sector.

Nuclear Power

Currently, twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780 MW

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy in India is a sector that is still undeveloped. India was the first

country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in

early 1980s. However its success has been very spotty. In recent years India has

been lagging behind other nations in the use of renewable energy (RE).
The share of RE in the energy sector is less than 1% of India's total energy needs.

Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and

Renewable Energy.

Solar power

India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for

using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electrical grid, so

one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping; to begin

replacing India's four to five million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming

about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed,

and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power

projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 giga watts.

The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment

Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for Sustainability

for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power

systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have

been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of South

India where the electricity grid does not yet extend.

Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed, Jawaharlal

Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change

with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-

based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq

meters with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020.
Wind Power

The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly

increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry

compared with Denmark or the US, a combination of domestic policy support for

wind power and the rise of Suzlon (a leading global wind turbine manufacturer)

have led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power

capacity in the world.

As of June 2010 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 12009.14 MW,

mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (4132.72 MW), Maharashtra (1837.85 MW),

Karnataka (1184.45 MW), Rajasthan (670.97 MW), Gujarat (1432.71 MW),

Andhra Pradesh (122.45 MW), Madhya Pradesh (187.69 MW), Kerala (23.00

MW), West Bengal (1.10 MW), other states (3.20 MW) [32] It is estimated that

6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012.[33]

Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity, and it

generates 1.6% of the country's power.

Strategies

Power Generation Strategy with focus on low cost generation, optimization of

capacity utilization, controlling the input cost, optimization of fuel mix,

Technology up gradation and utilization of Non Conventional energy sources.

Transmission Strategy with focus on development of National Grid including

Interstate connections, Technology up gradation & optimization of transmission

cost. Distribution strategy to achieve Distribution Reforms with focus on System up

gradation, loss reduction, theft control, consumer service orientation, quality power
 supply commercialization, Decentralized distributed generation and supply for rural

areas.

Regulation Strategy aimed at protecting Consumer interests and making the sector

commercially viable. Financing Strategy to generate resources for required growth

of the power sector. Conservation Strategy to optimize the utilization of electricity

with focus on Demand Side management, Load management and Technology up

gradation to provide energy efficient equipment / gadgets. Communication Strategy

for political consensus with media support to enhance the general public awareness.

Renewable Energy:

India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth

and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on

import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis

through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as

Solar energy, Biomass energy, Wind energy and Geothermal energy. Apart from

augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating

climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most

of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants

which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission.

The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 500 W, which is

much lower than that of developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia, Japan etc

However, this figure is expected to rise sharply due to high economic growth and

rapid industrialization. The consumption of electricity is growing on the worldwide

basis.
1.1 OBJECTIVE:

Has we discussed earlier, we now have many sources of electricity such

as thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, tidal etc. But it is

very much observed that some of such sources use the non-renewable

resources which cause pollution and lead to global warming. And using

the renewable energy resources such as hydro energy may involve lot of

expensiveness. Taking all such key points into consideration, there is one

such resource that is neither expensive nor harmful to the world i.e.,

Solar power. So the main objective of this project is to Design and

performance of solar plant by using PV syst software.

1.2 SOLAR PV POTENTIAL:

Solar Power, a clean renewable resource with zero emission, has got tremendous

potential of energy which can be harnessed using a variety of devices. With recent

developments, solar energy systems are easily available for industrial and domestic

use with the added advantage of minimum maintenance. Solar energy could be

made financially viable with government tax incentives and rebates.

With about 301 clear sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception,

just on its land area, is about 5 Peta hour/year (i.e. = 5000 trillion kWh/yr ~ 600

Tera Watt). The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7

kWh/m2 with about 2300 - 3200 sunshine hours per year, depending upon location.
 This is far more than current total energy consumption. For example, even

assuming 10% conversion efficiency for PV modules, it will still be thousand times

greater than the likely electricity demand in India by the year 2015.

Exploitation of the abundant solar energy resources available in our country is

therefore, being accorded a high priority by the Ministry of New and Renewable

Energy. The Ministry has come forward to support Solar PV based Power Plants in

big way throughout the country with a host of fiscal incentives. For encouraging

investment by the private sector in power generation through renewable energy,

MNRE has formed nodal agencies in all the states, and has issued a set of

guidelines for their consideration.

1.3 PROPOSED POWER PLANT:

Considering the good potential available and also the thrust given by the

Government of India and State Government to this national endeavor of exploiting

renewable source of energy for power generation and with the availability of

abundant Solar Power Dr. Lankapalli Bullayya Engineering College is proposing to

set up a 10KW Grid connected Roof Top Solar PV Power Plant in Andhra Pradesh.

The proposed Power Plant site is well connected & all necessary infrastructure

facilities are available in & around the site. The proposed plant will have crystalline

modules, module mounting structures, inverters and all accessories as the major

components. The power generated will be evacuated to the LT panel. Thus in

Promoter’s perception, setting-up of the above power plant will go a long way to
meet the growing energy demand and also benefit the state.

CHAPTER -2

PROJECT SUMMARY
2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Month Power bill (in Rs)

January 2,11,591

February 2,70,969

March 3,39,871

April 3,31,893

May 2,76,372

June 3,66,776

July 4,11,347

August 3,67,679

Septembe 3,89,664

October 3,20,145

November 3,79,593

December 3,61,803

Total 40,27,703

Table -1
 Annual Power Bill
450000

400000

350000

300000

250000

200000

150000

100000
Fig.No. 1
50000

0
The amount Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec that is

being paid for the college is aprox. Rs. 40,00,000 every year which is

quite expensive. And this might further be increased to 50 or 60 lakhs based on the future

load and per unit costing in the future. What could be best possible way to decrease the

powerbill?

2.2PROPOSED SOLUTION:

In order to solve the problem of paying expensive power bills, we came up with the most

trending technology in the electrical sector which is both eco-friendly and efficient i.e.,

designing a solar power plant using a software called PVsyst.

We shall discuss this in detail as we move on further.

 CHAPTER-3

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The software that is being used in this project is PVsyst. PVsyst is a solar

simulation software. Whenever we design a solar plant, the most important

factor that we are concerned about is how much will our solar plant

produce, how much energy will our solar plant generate per month or

annually and in some cases, we are interested to know how much it will

produce per day.

PV Syst software has the following features:

1. System designing

2. System sizing

3. Creating a shading scene

4. Creates simulation and results

5. Model storage systems

6. Some additional features include importing data & components, getting weather

data from meteonorm

7. Simulate the aging effect of solar modules, etc.

 CHAPTER -4

LOCATION AND INFRASTURUCTURE FACILITIES

4.1 SITE SELECTION:

 The site selection for a Solar Power Plant is pre-dominantly determined by solar

insolation availability & grid connectivity for exporting power. Equally important

are other essential factors/considerations such as:

 Availability of adequate roof top space for Power Plant and green belt development

 Availability of water and power during construction

 Availability of labor force in the proximity

 Availability of load centers (towns) within vicinity

 Easy accessibility of the site

The proposed site where Power Plant is to be located in Visakhapatnam city of

Andhra Pradesh state and is found favoring all the above factors to a reasonable

extent.

Fig.NO..2

4.2 PROPOSED LOCATION AND LAND AVAILABILITY:

Visakhapatnam is the largest industrial city in Andhra Pradesh.

Topographical & Geological Conditions:

DR.L.B.COLLEGE IST is located 17.73N and 83.31E

Building has an average elevation of 34 meters.

Fig.No.3

Electric Power:

The power generated from the Power Plant will be connected to the existing grid

line within the College premises.

 CHAPTER- 5

ESTIMATION OF BUDGET
5.1 ELECTRICITY BILL ANALYSIS:

 CONTRACTED MAXIMUM DEMAND : 250 KVA

 POWER FACTOR : 0.92

 TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN 2023 : 3,14,040 KWH (or) 3,36,838 KVAH

 ENERGY CHARGES RATE ( All UNITS ) : Rs. 7.65

 TOTAL ANNUAL MINIMUM CHARGES : Rs. 95000 × 12 = Rs. 11,40,000

 ELECTRICAL DUTY CHARGES : 3,36,838 × 0.06 = Rs. 20,210.28

 CUSTOMER CHARGES : 1406 × 12 = Rs. 16,872

TOTAL ANNUAL ELECTRICITY BILL

=(3,36,838×7.65)+11,40,000+20,210.28+16,872+(TOD and true-up charges)

= Rs. 40,27,703.

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