CEng4209-Reinforced Concrete Structures II
Column Design
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 1
Classification of Column
Example 1
The RC frame shown in figure below is composed of members
with rectangular cross sections. All members are constructed of
the same strength concrete (E is the same for both beams and
columns). Considering bending in the plane of the frame only,
classify column EF as long or short
a) if the frame is braced.
b) if the frame is unbraced.
All beams are 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝒙𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 and concrete grade 𝐶20/25
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 2
Classification of Column
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 3
Classification of Column
Step1: Determine the second moment of area, I for the
beams and columns
𝑏ℎ3 300𝑚𝑚∗ 600𝑚𝑚 3
𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 = = = 54 ∗ 108 𝑚𝑚4
12 12
𝑏ℎ3 300𝑚𝑚∗ 400𝑚𝑚 3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝐷𝐸 = = = 16 ∗ 108 𝑚𝑚4
12 12
𝑏ℎ3 300𝑚𝑚∗ 350𝑚𝑚 3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝐸𝐹 = = = 10.72 ∗ 108 𝑚𝑚4
12 12
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 4
Classification of Column
Step2: Calculate stiffness for beams and columns
under consideration
For beams
𝐸𝐼𝐵𝐸 𝐸 ∗ 54 ∗ 108
𝑘𝐵𝐸 = = = 6 ∗ 105 𝐸 = 𝑘𝐶𝐹
𝐿𝐵𝐸 9000
𝐸𝐼𝐸𝐻 𝐸 ∗ 54 ∗ 108
𝑘𝐸𝐻 = = = 7.2 ∗ 105 𝐸 = 𝑘𝐹𝐼
𝐿𝐸𝐻 7500
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 5
Classification of Column
For columns
𝐸𝐼𝐵𝐸 𝐸 ∗ 16 ∗ 108
𝑘𝐷𝐸 = = = 4.21 ∗ 105 𝐸
𝐿𝐵𝐸 3800
𝐸𝐼𝐸𝐹 𝐸 ∗ 10.72 ∗ 108
𝑘𝐸𝐹 = = = 2.82 ∗ 105 𝐸
𝐿𝐸𝐹 3800
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 6
Classification of Column
Step3: Calculate rotational stiffness 𝑘 at the joints for the columns under
consideration
𝐸𝐼
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑘= 𝐿
𝐸𝐼
2 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝐿
𝑘𝐸𝐹 2.82 ∗ 105 𝐸
@ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑘1 = = = 0.21
2𝑘𝐶𝐹 + 2𝑘𝐹𝐼 2 6 + 7.2 ∗ 105 𝐸
𝑘𝐷𝐸 + 𝑘𝐸𝐹 4.21 + 2.82 105 𝐸
@ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑘2 = = 5
= 0.53
2𝑘𝐵𝐸 + 2𝑘𝐸𝐻 2 6 + 7.2 ∗ 10 𝐸
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 7
Classification of Column
Step4: Determine effective length of the column being considered
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝑘1 𝑘2
𝑙0 = 0.5𝑙 1+ 1+
0.45 + 𝑘1 0.45 + 𝑘2
0.21 0.53
𝑙0 = 0.5 ∗ 3800 1+ 1+
0.45 + 0.21 0.45 + 0.53
= 2707.8𝑚𝑚
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 8
Classification of Column
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝑘1 ∗ 𝑘2
𝑙 1 + 10
𝑘1 + 𝑘2
𝑙0 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥.
𝑘1 𝑘2
𝑙 1+ 1+
1 + 𝑘1 1 + 𝑘2
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 9
Classification of Column
𝑘1 ∗ 𝑘2 0.21 ∗ 0.53
𝑙 1 + 10 = 3800 1 + 10 = 𝟔𝟎𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝒎𝒎
𝑘1 + 𝑘2 0.21 + 0.53
𝑙0 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥.
𝑘1 𝑘2 0.21 0.53
𝑙 1+ 1+ = 3800 1 + 1+ = 6004.3𝑚𝑚
1 + 𝑘1 1 + 𝑘2 1 + 0.21 1 + 0.53
Step5: Determine slenderness ratio of the column being considered
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝑙0
𝜆=
𝑖
𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝐸𝐹 10.72 ∗ 108
𝑖= = = 101.036𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝐸𝐹 300 ∗ 350
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 10
Classification of Column
𝑙0 2707.8
𝜆= = = 26.8
𝑖 101.036
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝑙0 6013.2
𝜆= = = 59.515
𝑖 101.036
Step6: Determine limit slenderness ratio 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚
20 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐶
𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
𝜂
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 11
Classification of Column
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 12
Classification of Column
𝑀01 −30 2
Double curvature 𝑟 = = = −
𝑀02 45 3
2
𝐶 = 1.7 − 𝑟 = 1.7 − − = 71 30
3
𝑁𝐸𝑑 525 ∗ 1000
𝜂= = = 0.44
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300 ∗ 350 ∗ 11.33
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 13
Classification of Column
20 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 1.1 ∗ 71 30
𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 = = 54.945
0.44
Step7: Comparing slenderness ratio of the column being
considered with limit slenderness ratio 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝜆 = 26.8 < 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 54.945
∴ The column EF is short column.
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 14
Classification of Column
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆
𝜆 = 59.515 ≥ 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 54.945
∴ The column EF is slender column.
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 15
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Design a slender braced (non-sway) column subjected to
uniaxial bending.
Given: - Factored axial compression load= 1650𝑘𝑁
Factored first order equivalent constant Moment =
130𝑘𝑁𝑚
Geometric length: 𝐿 = 7𝑚 and 𝐿𝑒 = 0.7𝐿
Material data: Strength class 𝐶30/37 and steel grade 𝑆 −
400
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 16
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Solution
Step1: Assume cross-section of the column
𝑏 = 400𝑚𝑚; ℎ = 400𝑚𝑚
Assume concrete cover = 20𝑚𝑚, 𝜙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟 =
20𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 10𝑚𝑚
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 17
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
′
𝜙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔.𝑏𝑎𝑟
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝜙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 +
2
20
= 20 + 10 + = 40𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑 = ℎ − ℎ′ = 400 − 40 = 360𝑚𝑚
Step2: Determine total eccentricity, 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑒2
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 18
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Where 𝑒𝑒 is equivalent first order eccentricity,
𝑒𝑎 is accidental eccentricity or eccentricity due to imperfection and
𝑒2 is eccentricity due to second order moment
2.1. Determine equivalent first order eccentricity, 𝑒𝑒
For first order eccentricity with constant moment is equal at both ends of the
column.
0.6𝑒02 + 0.4𝑒01 = 0.6 ∗ 78.78 + 0.478.78 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑒𝑒 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥.
0.4𝑒02 = 0.4 ∗ 78.78 = 31.512𝑚𝑚
𝑀02 130∗106
𝑒02 = = = 78.78𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑠𝑑 1650∗103
𝑀01 130∗106
𝑒01 = = = 78.78𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑠𝑑 1650∗103
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 19
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
2.2. Compute accidental eccentricity or eccentricity
due to imperfection, 𝑒𝑎
𝑙0 4900
𝑒𝑎 = = = 12.25𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑖 = 0.5𝜃𝑖 𝑙0
400 400
1
= 0.5 4900 = 12.25𝑚𝑚
200
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 20
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
[Link] whether second order effect to be
considered or neglected
Slenderness ratio of the column
𝑙0 0.7 ∗ 7000
𝜆= = = 42.4
𝑖 115.47
𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 400 ∗ 4003
𝑖= = = 115.47𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 12 ∗ 400 ∗ 400
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 21
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Limit slenderness ratio 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚
20 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐶
𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
𝜂
Note: Moment is constant along the length of column. So,
the column is bent in single curvature (i.e. 𝑀01 = +𝑣𝑒)
𝑀01 130
Single curvature 𝑟 = = =1
𝑀02 130
𝐶 = 1.7 − 𝑟 = 1.7 − 1 = 0.7
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 22
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
𝑁𝐸𝑑 1650 ∗ 1000
𝜂= = = 0.61
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 400 ∗ 400 ∗ 17
20 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 1.1 ∗ 0.7
𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 = = 13.84
0.61
𝜆 = 42.4 > 𝜆𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 42.4
∴ The column is slender column.
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 23
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
2.4. Calculate the second order eccentricity
a) Using Nominal curvature method
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 24
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
𝐾𝑟 𝐾𝜙 0.1𝐿20 𝜀𝑦𝑑
𝑒2 = 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐾𝜙 = 1 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡
0.45𝑑
400
𝐾𝑟 ∗1∗0.1∗ 4900 2∗ 1.15
200000
𝑒2 = = 25.77563𝐾𝑟
0.45∗360
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑀0𝑒 + 𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑒2
0.6𝑀02 + 0.4𝑀01 = 0.6 ∗ 130 + 0.4 ∗ 130 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎
𝑀0𝑒 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥
0.4𝑀02 = 0.4 ∗ 130 = 52
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 25
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Step3: Determine design moment 𝑀𝐸𝑑
For first iteration take 𝒆𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑒2 = 78.78 + 12.25 + 0 = 91.03mm
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑁𝐸𝑑 ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1650𝑘𝑁 ∗ 0.09103𝑚 = 150.2𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑁𝐸𝑑 1650 ∗ 1000
𝑣𝑠𝑑 = = = 0.61
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑 400 ∗ 400 ∗ 17
𝑀𝐸𝑑 150.2 ∗ 106
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 2 = 2
= 0.138
𝑏ℎ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 400 ∗ 400 ∗ 17
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 26
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Using uniaxial chart 𝑁02 for 𝑣𝑠𝑑 = 0.61, 𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 0.138,
ℎ′ = 0.1 → 𝜔 = 0.05
ℎ
So 𝑛𝑢 = 1 + 𝜔 = 1 + 0.05 = 1.05, 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.4
𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛 1.05 − 0.61
𝐾𝑟 = = = 0.6923
𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 1.05 − 0.4
𝑒2 = 25.77563𝐾𝑟 = 17.845𝑚𝑚
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 27
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
For second iteration take 𝒆𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑒2 = 78.78 + 12.25 + 17.845 = 108.875mm
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑁𝐸𝑑 ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1650𝑘𝑁 ∗ 0.108875𝑚 = 179.644𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 179.644 ∗ 106
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 2 = 2 = 0.165
𝑏ℎ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 400 ∗ 400 ∗ 17
Using uniaxial chart 𝑁02 for 𝑣𝑠𝑑 = 0.61, 𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 0.165, ℎ′ =
ℎ
0.1 → 𝜔 = 0.15
So 𝑛𝑢 = 1 + 𝜔 = 1 + 0.15 = 1.15, 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.4
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 28
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛 1.15 − 0.61
𝐾𝑟 = = = 0.733
𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 1.15 − 0.4
𝑒2 = 25.77563𝐾𝑟 = 18.902𝑚𝑚
For third iteration take 𝒆𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝒎𝒎
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑒2 = 78.78 + 12.25 + 18.902 = 109.932mm
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑁𝐸𝑑 ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1650𝑘𝑁 ∗ 0.109932𝑚 = 181.4𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 181.4 ∗ 106
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 2 = = 0.167
𝑏ℎ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 400 ∗ 4002 ∗ 17
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 29
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Using uniaxial chart 𝑁02 for 𝑣𝑠𝑑 = 0.61, 𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 0.167, ℎ′ = 0.1 → 𝜔 =
ℎ
0.15
The iteration converges with similar mechanical steel ratio 𝝎 =
𝟎.1𝟓.
Step3: Calculate the area of steel required in the column
𝜔𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 0.15 ∗ 400 ∗ 400 ∗ 17
𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 = = = 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑓𝑦𝑑 400 1.15
𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟑 = 𝟓𝟖𝟔. 𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑨= 𝟐 = 𝟐
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 30
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
𝐴𝑠,𝑡𝑜𝑡 1173
𝑁0 𝜙20𝑚𝑚 bars = = 𝜋 20 2
= 3.734 ≈
𝑎𝑠
4
𝑢𝑠𝑒4𝜙20𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
4 ∗ 𝜋 20 2
𝑨𝒔,𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 = = 1256.637𝑚𝑚2
4
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 31
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Step4: Check with maximum and minimum reinforcement limit
0.1𝑁𝐸𝑑 0.1 ∗ 1650 ∗ 103
= = 𝟒𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑓𝑦𝑑 347.826
0.002𝐴𝑐 = 0.002 ∗ 400 ∗ 400 = 320𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.08𝐴𝑐 = 0.08 ∗ 400 ∗ 400 = 12800𝑚𝑚2 → 𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑠
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 400 ∗ 400 = 6400𝑚𝑚2 → 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑠
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 474.375𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 𝐴𝑠,𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 1173𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 12800𝑚𝑚2 … 𝑂𝑘!
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 32
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Step5: Determine the diameter and spacing of lateral
reinforcement
6𝑚𝑚
𝜙𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≥ 1
4 ∗ 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑑𝑖𝑎. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖. 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 5𝑚𝑚
In our case, we have used 𝜙10𝑚𝑚 . It is ok.
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 33
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
The spacing of the transverse reinforcement along the
column should not exceed 𝑠𝑐𝑙,𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥
20𝜙𝑙,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20 ∗ 20𝑚𝑚 = 400𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑐𝑙,𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 400𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚
Use 𝜙10𝑚𝑚 @ 400𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑡𝑜 − 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟.
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 34
Design of Uniaxial bending RC column
Step6: Reinforcement detailing
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 35
06-Sep-23 Design of RC Column 36
