Experiment No.
5
Aim:- To conduct a Heat Balance Test on a 4- stroke multi cylinder Petrol engine at different
loads and to draw up a heat balance sheet on minute basis.
Theory: -
Part of the heat supplied to an I.C. engine through the fuel is utilized in doing useful work, and
the rest is wasted in over coming friction, in exhaust gases and in engine cooling water. A
statement of the supplied heat, useful work and heat wasted in over coming friction, exhaust
gases, engine cooling is called heat balance sheet. It may be drawn on the basis of unit time or
cycle of operation. The heat balance thus gives a picture about the utility of heat supplied
through the fuel. The losses depends up on type of the engine, service to which it is employed,
load, atmospheric conditions etc. A designer is interested to keep the losses as low as possible in
order to maximize the rated power. Two important factors that influence the losses are speed and
output of an engine. The loss due to friction increases considerably more due to increase in
engine speed than by an increase in load. Heat carried away by engine water increases slowly
with load while heat carried away by exhaust gases increases abruptly beyond 80% of the rated
power output due to higher combustion temperatures, inefficient combustion etc.
Engine Specifications : -
Model = Kirloskar
Engine stroke, =4
Number of cylinders, =4
Engine Power, = 7.5 KW
Operating speed, = 1500 rpm
Diameter of cylinder, = 84 mm
Length of piston stroke, = 82 mm
Connecting rod length, = 140 mm
Clearance volume, = 60 cc
Compression ratio, = 8.5:1
Orifice diameter, = 24 mm
Orifice coefficient of discharge = 0.62
Dynamometer arm length, = 150 mm
Dynamometer type, = Eddy current dynamometer
Cooling type, = Water cooled
Experimental Setup: -
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SI-ENGINE TEST RIG
Experimental Procedure:
1. Open the three way cock so that fuel flows to the engine directly from the tank
2. Open the cooling water valves and ensure water flows through the engine
3. Open the water line to the hydraulic dynamometer
4. Start the engine and allow to run on No load condition for a few minutes
5. Operate the throttle valve so that the engine picks up the speed to the required level
6. Load engine with hydraulic dynamometer-loading is done by turning the handle in the direction
marked. If sufficient loaded is not absorbed by the dynamometer at the required speed, the outlet
valve in the dynamometer can be closed to increase the pressure (as indicated by the pressure
gauge) and hence the load.
7. Engine speed with increase in load. Hence to increase the speed, open the throttle valve.
8. Adjust the cooling water regulators such that the temperature raise of cooling water for engine
jacket is around 50C and for calorimeter around 250C.
9. Allow the engine to run at this load for few minutes
10. Note the following readings
a. Engine Speed.
b. Dead Weight.
c. Spring balance.
d. Manometer.
e. Time for 10cc of fuel consumption.
f. Volume of Cooling water (Calorimeter) collected for 1 min
g. Volume of Cooling water (Engine)collected for 1 min
h. Inlet and outlet temperatures of engine cooling water
i. Inlet and outlet temperatures of exhaust gas calorimeter cooling water
j. Inlet and outlet temperatures of exhaust gases
k. Ambient temperate
11. Repeat the above procedure at different loads
12. Stop the engine after removing the load on the engine.
Precautions: -
1. Before stating the engine check all the systems such as cooling , lubrication and fuel
system
2. Ensure oil level is maintained in the engine up to recommended level always. Never run
the engine with insufficient oil.
3. Never run the engine with insufficient engine cooling water and exhaust gas calorimeter
cooling water.
4. For stopping the engine, load on the engine should be removed.
