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Mmt006 functional analysis
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INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
/ | THEPEOPLES
UNIVERSITY
COURSE TITLE: .....
COURSE CODE: --.----
REGIONAL CENTRE CODE :
STUDY CENTRE & CODE :
PHONE NO. cof
EMAILID: Quclheetn./ rail “Com
Rot,
yer"
anPact so 4
f Muskan "|
DATE
—_14)| Hs Statements tue ox folge.? Teuiify your
he Rel of Ccohordt pxoOf ona counter
ex Ample.
Q)
—__|] Lfo,b1-the det of a
Uta, ina weflectue Bhoce
| True.
lk tealted volueg functions hoge O-b
addule value is inkegrable in interval (a,b
pb)
“ou arlieanefiecive Space
Eves Banach cofpace alia A Hilbeel sb pace
Fie
‘Sboceisthss clzs_a honad sboxe-bat__
oe od nefhll no hucsice vasa AS, lin
\nne
Ox dinar dot xe. Hilbert dspaces: Hometas the infinite
Qbpiications:
Cc)
Thete erints on nfinite dimensional Rahath Sbace X auch
Q Sepp paper souks ace of i Complete
Fale
X= Xn Xn 6.0 btopercubsipore of x, cai has
=
empty interior: chow.A) ISP the dual voPa noxmed linea MSpace x wofine
Cimen onal then x10 fii e.dimengional a
True a
Recouse of o Pini imengi nerned Ape Cuexy
Irecve £, lon_| i
im x! # dim x
ldet X’ bogis sso. ty
_ —n ar
CF rroin) = 2 an(Bany) is Rapa
$23 (hx )4i
re
“ X' and x Rave, finite climengiong-
C)N TE the dual X oto ncitmed lineascn pace X i @
finite if LX Y jo G Comino tineas cncl
Open -then Tih Susientive-
J
True
Ae, JTF yells § llyrl fox aly ey
TiRx) 2S 8y" (S79)
Cind for FOBx) , Tm T= (ie: Tid durcjective)
pate cben-enabping tfemen_ cd deduce thecaged
ab theorem Proms=
det N= KexlT) which ico o clozed mubdpace.
det yew
Since Tinto there. qlaayes evar x.€ V
Tue y
Define Sy = +N Y/N
if Toy = Trsey
then 1,-%2 EN
Le +N = 2tN
he claim that +e | Sia Clo.
To fee thio plbet Yn 4 mW Gnd Jet
Nin Y/N
det Try = yn
Bo thed SynzrXnt Pollowen Ht
inf | tn-2-WI}y — ©
we N
Cs n> ex tse hte caters 0. chequence Ea —
in_N Such that
len 2-Wnll v o
then-Maskan
Jraceno Y |
Nin z Then): TOtn-Wn) > To _— —
Thy y= fa
2ZtN nhich tbls ou ln claim:
:
det Uy UgglisTl2y be _nowmagc an rn olinenre space X and lat _
€70,8 70 be, Fixed: find condition onthe non mz20
(0£) © Ba (0,8) Aoldg
det Fhe. a continous diffe penta i Le each
Of iA continous
OX
det €70 QEU then Sy
Sich that ls-01 4 §:5 “9 3b “8 ‘tLe feta
ax OS,
Chaoge. S= max§* sthen Pox
be fic
Re Mb
7
( - of (g)|*4 € yn =e
Pell ax ax
4
? WBF(x) - Afta l4€
=) £7 010 given then 3§ 70 huch(GE NO,
eaten
|
DATE
26; Ont,
vel tel
Aince_@ ch term io tve thug
J
IMO) = Sfajce oF 5 jak - ati (ql Xe
Lafi - off (jl-c V
3x ax) ie tf thus
iss_continoug Ak er V tf “Hhug APIO
ay
“J
Continoug_ ota
4
ac):
Check whether the Following esaice Ore cuubd paces
Obie te psce
Coo
Gy Co
chy
or
pe ¢ Gnd tence theyare & enach Spacer.
“The pace Coo to Onl
but notclaged in Co AnalHence pwotin p>
x0
Coz $(Sp\p EN! fim p= oy
Pca
2 Jc p® “here he N euch th a
all. PZ}.
'
Coo = Col# Cao)
The.clogure of Coo i Co ie:[Pace No
ONE
-Muskan }
et x" € Co be. « AWequence con:
og to wep”
he te rer “8
Wp) + ©
on tp" pl. ep
——_]| So _¥ ks 2No fox each “kchooge NE
be STY0a Ns Yay oe :
[44 a a - ——
- ®
3)G)lfox_ac= (2,9 eR? Lind iu nuhen p21,3,400
20(9,3),ER?
UGllp = / Sf?"
Lea pa
litle = yelp
7 (Ze :
al 2 (3 GOH)" soe, s
tedrce
\ “P= 8
Lelpes = "8 i38)'8 = (x3 $03 4 iu
[itt = (net. 29 +x,9) M3
Ist, = af 28 tx22 4058 iP x(e3)
= £°shan ~
feat
DATE
[lsclls = (3 (2)2)"8 = paafa = 6f3
Naw,
c= aay
=(sytistegtty)"t= (u (24) Ny = Po
if =3
2 (u(sy)"" = 2 fa
thud —
IL3GMeg = (3 x7)" 2 uncledined __
3) 0b)
Compiler (2 i-ff t+ =9(G EIR? '%/>X2
Andx= (11) Find di 4)
Lo € BO) cd 2 =O (sa,r0)) —®
Le howe
2 © By 4)_2 A(z x2) 4 €
yo, 2) < A 20) = Arztl
eM slelome see
> zgev
a O.Gia,m)€u-thot the Zat Vid Qfen __awe
DATE _
Yeduch hot ffm tysh Con vergecptoxxin X ____
Since
fox 0 bivoxicte real. contincyg 2 unction 2_iwe kaon —
$:.97 1 Onder tochon that 2 unyn)= fy)
Coder? tn 5% and yay
Pox examble inthe (2 Clirechiong| tt ebeemg.
—the
in yn} > C en Wwe sshould Oble+o
wh 0b the com ponents and day
Hinttey-consedge Op neha hia
the dixection Pr _|xn-%] 2E
= Py (Teenage ty ye-V)2_) ZE
fon Chine dionaras!
Py (J toen-X? Hyney|?_) > 2€
Pr(lxn-x) 7@ ox lyn-yiZ€ ]
“xntY Converqed to X+Y in x/v_ if and
ey if there in o.sse-quence fynj iN Yesuch
LOtn ttn) converges to%. in x ~DATE
Mastgn |
3) lidel X= IR2Y= IR? cach Paul m_Nll2,finothe
Nonm Of the ele rnent: ay ine pxoclud_cpace
XXY- —
Ag Lolly = |oalt bo
Quel
Lalo = [a2 + x52 =
vs Hella joo Pow X= IR% y= IR?
Abs) = (1,2)
2 tell, = Far tyo
-(2 = 6
“ nowm of He clement (UiofB
Calculate the norm cP -the beer functicnal > (i
aes #echpaces (CLoAb tes) Cd Co I
iT} = [cleat]. 6 afeddt <(18,
AbcrePoxa Tile! Non we show 4
Yo that Tele If Rox alk Pe L'Lo,
ALAnd
thot
fat = $0 Pox 02 F# II
n
for ey et el
Bion = Ce fotydr= ng tde= 1
0
|
o-| an
ynMastean
| An n> &
dette CP wydt= nC Idee |
Yo 3
tl,
Went, -fCrcerjer|Wo = I
Hell = LC
°
Qn) "2
An A=
6
Type F(o)=
fy, PCt)=
GF
Hence Tio not bounded.
2p tye i
> 4?
[
Vo nlyi2 )
Wal eI £ ian = Fan! = Dat
2nt Vane
4)Cb)
uch -that Ifo I=
Ja be opwoperSuahnce of anotmed linear
Seat aati Proved-thot
“Here boo dounclerl linea -Punctional, fo_onv
+ jtolno)= Letnd foc HO.
Now, +O 2Go tH tin X/M
We know didtOnce. (to,M) = [coitus Here —
Cxiat
that 118, 1) =|
Hy)
and $i, (rostt)= Cicer an ce (fo){ Muskan
PACE NO | |
Dat
Be fina fix> F Cts Gomory it iong, of +he conciall
Mah 7 oo
XM _-fo= X14 7 Eten.
Ponce So
A(xy= Pioorty= filormjeo
for att
KEK, Ife IY Cot) JL
— || Now Jac+il ton = —
{fo lfiel fin 670, then med
|| —__|bootmil+ Ilpottiite
POGo+m)= fF, Oco-tim)
Mow, dictane (no,M) (tote)
TPZ
cHence IP =|
TF Xi® Qn infinite Gimen gicnall © pace: cdhow-th ett
he fet fr ex! iol=ly not Conspact-
| Zubb ope thatx io hot bounded Jet Ex
every 70 thy ete oidhdy EX Hen every Le Xoudh
Hct YA Gyo) 21 Given
Visit Xy-— pick Jonge
|} Afar scnpa) 2+ max Glaeyriy,)
Tene)Mauskan
ene]
ate
By Asiana ine!
I Vane, sens) 2A eu, ren sy) = Abo 260,) 2}
Pow caeuy eke “Te Fostonce that_dGmdbea)2|
date oe nal da covet abana
Xico Nat Compact"
Lluchinate_pscqjecti onthearern_on |? [ ast
th He {FEW (oy 2= 0-G.e-0n Cosy
Aa, Mites sx: 2)
} inijork auchshetforead aio
Fade te (ax 4a) act)
P(o) = te = sch? PC) Iiz-scll2 And Pox
|_ecich 0
PCA) = fizext LI? 1a? Veet}? DAE Ze
Ao, - i -
2G* -96 ® | 2-20"
Hence < 2-* o* ZO
P= thee % fle we I? Hoe eK 112
This i vate she projection th™ on L? Col)Muskan ~
pace NO 1S
ae
5b) Fox On ontionowrnal dec
juence Vuny to Hilbet
hace 4, prove that 4
2Guivalent 2 0
Ci)
X1Un Pox alin impli es X= 0
cil] x= 5 4x, Un? Unfox a 90H -
Aa, 2 sui avid = 5 y_
PW Tey 4 Tao Tate yt Te llay 4
Wn Tro Wt UT thoptiell hy
belting n 20
“Wily Maseuly
Hence Te LOGY) With top tH
Findlly need to ghow that Tam? TMuskan>
meen 15_ |
ND
| CiTasthalop® ey, Pom mmm ZN
Nex ~ AZO -NZN, weave Fax = Ty tua eld)
Tye 2 Ty
Won Tn bd My € tT (x)® + Tre bo” “TnClly
£ Ta —Trn fx.) Wy t e- J
Elbe Wnt Tata!
Yq
£ Ey llacll t€/, | polly4 © lloely
Hence
I In Tllop* © for nz
ht
6) (a) Chiven below anim boxdant- Hheorere_olong tu
| Tn-the, proof cox aincstab3 are followe. dl by-@ queStian
| | You sthould gi ive_OngnerZ +04 ‘hoge question, Re
“Theorem= oA
countably infinite bagia-__
SPREE ieeeMuck an)
ces 16 |
La
Yn= Shandris, =n} ne 1,2. -
Qnd Vabe the Complement oP Ya ink Then
oS
Dy =x, A vre@- - — UW)
hel ne}
Questar Wwhu the chualitic ind) Aalal
4d Q's in. an! indy hxah e Subspace of finite Climen gion
(+ Qre brobey E hag nfinite Vimegions @bd-
Rut ewe inte cirmen 8 cnal
here denge.
Hence N Vn Cannat be. clenge inX Winco Yn ia finite
Gimensional onal iP io clogec tRere-fowe each Yn io
Chen ink Ag rin Qcomblate-H etvic Apace Buine’s
theorem iroplieg that Mome Va must be hon-Clenge
in Xthat i Tm px fox Pome dy
Questia Why MVn idclosed>
OVn id cloge db becauge. Cannot be de be denge inx
Yo i finite dimensional. if ia tence clogect-
0 Peon bel -
hen there.| 67 0duch that the
o Via joint 4rom Vw that ich UG %
det xbe ony element inx There is §2 0 snuchthat Sllealles,
\
'
i
17
infinite dimengion <
bagid, Sing ux tgeult 4 ARC such §ctiet
Then y= atSlo-a)e Ulan cYn +
Sing
B an Loeym, we gee that rey
ee X= Yea ae dimensional. Taig —
Contradiction proves He tegult:
Quggtiogl? hy Here jg Contradiction
Because 16X Anda ¥\w Qnd Ay 70 couch Hat
Van)” 0
Vla,r) c¥q det oc be any element in x-
§70) Slt -oll
there ia_an Contradiction -
& jlo)
|| _Uge the theorem given in 6(a)10Show that the
|_cSpace Coo io not Sa Bancch Space.
|e x eSF be adequence. where seni | Mo _ifnen
| And zero el®enhere Note - hal —p J #00 ef te
then }x -y.™)) = 3! N Ue 20
Mo
“ Oc) NEN N41 “cauchy