Outline 02
11
Anaemia 12
Anaemia occurs when the body does
not have enough red blood cells or
haemoglobin or when the red blood
cells do not function properly because
of lack in oxygen concentration i.e.
hypoxia.
Diagnosis is most commonly done by
haemoglobin levels:
● Male: <13.5 g/dl
● Female: <12.0 g/dl
● Normal values for children vary
with age
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [Link]
Anaemia - Signs & Symptoms 13
● Weakness
● Shortness of breath
● Dizziness
● Fast or irregular heartbeat Causes of
● Pounding or "whooshing" in your ears Anaemia
● Headache
● Cold hands or feet
● Pale or yellow skin
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) verview
IRON: 14
● Iron is very important in maintaining production of haemoglobin, healthy cells, skin,
hair, and nails.
● Iron from the food is absorbed into the body by the cells that line the gastrointestinal
tract.
● The iron is then released into the bloodstream, where it get transferred to the liver.
● Iron is transported via transferrin & stored in the liver as ferritin and released as
needed to make new red blood cells in the bone marrow.
Normal Iron Ranges:
Male: 65 to 176 µg/dL
Female: 50 to 170 µg/dL
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [Link]
IRON: (Cont.) 15
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA): 16
It is the most common type of anaemia. It happens when body does not have enough iron in the body.
Iron deficiency is usually due to blood loss but may occasionally be due to poor absorption of iron.
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA): 17
● Pakistan has Iron Deficiency anaemia in
○ 25% Pregnant women
○ 19.9% Non pregnant women
○ 33.4% Children
DID YOU KNOW?
● According to National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute
(NHLBI)
○ About half of all pregnant women develop
iron-deficiency anaemia.
Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan-Report AKU ; 2011
Signs & Symptoms of Iron Deficiency 18
Picophagia
(craving for non-food
Item like ice, dirt)
Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [Link]
Risk Groups 19
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) naemia_causes
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Major causes of IDA 20
1. Anaemia related to poor nutrition: Vitamins and minerals
are required to make red blood cells. In addition to iron,
vitamin B12 and folate (or folic acid) are required for the
proper production of haemoglobin (Hb). Deficiency in any
of these may cause anaemia because of inadequate
production of red blood cells.
2. Anaemia related to pregnancy: Water weight and fluid
gain during pregnancy dilutes the blood, which may be
reflected as anaemia since the relative concentration of
red blood cells is lower.
3. Anaemia related to kidney disease: In people with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end stage renal disease
(ESRD), the production of this hormone is diminished, and
this, in turn, diminishes the production of red blood cells,
causing anaemia.
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [Link]
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Diagnosis of IDA 21
Iron-deficiency anaemia is diagnosed by blood tests that include:
Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [Link]
Iron Deficiency Anaemia At A Glance 22
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Module 2 | Anaemia & Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) 859
