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The document describes four common disease-causing organisms - Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and Ringworm. For each organism, it provides the scientific classification, characteristic features as seen under a microscope, and symptoms of the diseases they cause. Ascaris causes ascariasis and symptoms include abdominal cramping and swelling. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery with symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. Plasmodium vivax causes malaria with high fever and chills. Ringworm fungus Trichophyton rubrum causes a fungal skin infection with scaly, itchy patches.

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140 views

Class

The document describes four common disease-causing organisms - Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and Ringworm. For each organism, it provides the scientific classification, characteristic features as seen under a microscope, and symptoms of the diseases they cause. Ascaris causes ascariasis and symptoms include abdominal cramping and swelling. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery with symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. Plasmodium vivax causes malaria with high fever and chills. Ringworm fungus Trichophyton rubrum causes a fungal skin infection with scaly, itchy patches.

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sasmitswati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEM SHEELA MODEL SCHOOL

DURGAPUR
Class XII
Biology practical

Common Disease-Causing Organisms Like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Ringworm


Through Permanent Slides or Specimens. Comment on Symptoms of Diseases That They
Cause

Aim
To observe the disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium and
Ringworm through permanent slides.

Observations

Ascaris
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Class: Nematoda
Type: Ascaris lumbricoides

Ascaris exhibits the following


characteristic features:

● It has a long, cylindrical and unsegmented body.


● The male and female organisms are separate.
● It bears a mouth at the anterior end surrounded by three lips.
● There is an excretory pore on the ventral surface slightly behind the anterior end.
● A pair of penial spicules are present in the male worms close to the cloacal opening.
● The female genitals are present at about one-third distance from the anterior end.
● Ascariasis is the disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides or roundworm.

Symptoms:
● Abdominal cramping
● Abdominal swelling
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Fever
Entamoeba
Phylum: Protozoa
Class: Rhizopoda
Type: Entamoeba histolytica

Following are the characteristic features of Entamoeba:

● It is a unicellular organism with an irregular shape.


● It consists of a few food vacuoles. The contractile vacuole is absent.
● Cysts with four nuclei are present.
● It consists of a nucleus located eccentrically in the cell.
● Entamoeba histolytica is an organism found in the intestines of humans that is
responsible for causing amoebic dysentery.

Symptoms:
● Abdominal pain
● Watery diarrhoea with mucus, blood and pus
● Fatigue
● Fever
● Nausea
● Vomiting

Plasmodium
Phylum: Protozoa
Class: Sporozoa
Type: Plasmodium vivax

Plasmodium can be identified by the following characteristic features:

● It is a unicellular endoparasite found within the red blood cells of the diseased person.
● The parasite is mostly diagnosed at the “signet ring” stage where the parasite appears as a
round body.
● There is a big vacuole present inside the cell. The cytoplasm is accumulated at one place
and contains the nucleus.
● Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. The infected
female anopheles bites a healthy person and transmits the sporozoite into the peripheral
blood vessels of humans, thereby, causing malaria.

Symptoms:
● High fever
● Shaking chills from moderate to severe.
● Headache
● Vomiting
● Nausea

Ringworm
Kingdom: Fungi
Class: Deuteromycetes
Type: Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton or ringworm fungus has the following characteristic features:

● This fungus feeds on the keratin of the skin of human beings.


● The hyphae are waxy and can be smooth or cotton-like.
● Hyphae that are not stained are yellowish-brown, reddish-brown or white in colour.
● Ringworm is a communicable fungal infection of the skin.

Symptoms:

● Scaly, itchy skin


● Red and raised patches
● They are redder at the periphery than at the centre and form a ring-like appearance.

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