STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS . 895 Table 17-10, Cotton covering. Addon 0 dlamater a 7m _ sec. Dee. | Fine 5. | Fin D.C. 10-14 02 | 035 on 02s 1517 ow 030 ous om wm os os on on nM on 02 O10 o1s 340 10 020 008 om ‘TRANSFORMERS 17:3, General, Indian Standards Inetitution has pul on transformers : (i) IS : 1189-1964: Specifications for outdoor type three phase distribution tran formers upto and including 100 KVA and voltage ratings upto {1 kV. (ii) TS : 2026-1962: Specifications for power transformers beyond 100 kVA. 17-4, Outdoor type distribution transformers 18 : 1180.1966 ed the following standards Ratings. According to this the standard ratings for transformers (distribution type) are: 16 kVA 63 kVA 25 kVA 80 kVA 40kKVA 100 kVA, 5OKVA The no load voltage ratios are : 330/433 V, €600/438 V, 11000/433 V. ‘Tappings. The tapping shall be provided on h.v. si.e and shall be in 5 steps, range shal be 22°59 and -£5%. Offload tap changers are used. eps. The Connections, The primary i.e. h.v. winding shall be delta connected, while the secondary winding, i.e. I.v. shall be star-connected. The neutral is brought out, Transformer Oil. The transfurmer tank shall be filled with transformer oil which sha!l comply with the requirements of IS: 335-1563 (Specifications for Insulating oil for transformers and switchgear), ‘Accessories, Each transformer shall be fitted with the following acceusories : (8) Two earthing terminals. (8) Oil gauge, (si) Lifting lugs. (ie) Rati terminal masking plate. (e) Plain breathing “device of weather” pres thon tbat ‘with plug on the transformer with conservators. (oi) Thermometer pocket val wits eiaformers of 28 EVA ‘and below) ee * (not prow ‘The conservator tank shall be provided on the transformers of a, Sse a ae a, Oat ot the596 HLACTRICAL MPCHINE Daston Limits of temperature rise. The following temperature rises shall be adbered to, over the ambient temperature of 45°C. () Temperature rise in winding measured by resistance method —55°C, . (Gi) Temperature rise in oil measured by thermometer in the top oil —45°C. The above temperature rises are for ON, OB, and OW type of cooling. Bushing clearance. The minimum phase to phase external ch Lv. (upto 1'1 kV) bushing and 255 mm for h.v. burbing (3°3 kV. and al with bushings complete with arcing horns mounted on the transformers. Iron and copper losses, The iron and copper losses shall be lower than the following valurs fr the various rating on transformers. Table 17-11, Permissible losses, ‘ron Loss WA " Copper loases at 75°C ame Hot rolled Colled rolled w ‘stampings 16 135 120 500 2 19s 155 700 ” 260 200 ms 0 295 ns 1190 8 350 20 1400 18 385 260 1600 * 400 00 1650 40 385 ‘2000 ‘The above losses are subject to variation of 10%. Impedances. All dirtribution transformers mentioned above shall have an impes dance of 4°5 per cent, The above impedance hall be subject-to a tolerance of 410%, Rating and terminal marking plates. Each transformer shall be fitted with three kinds of plates, namely : (@) Rating plate. (#) Terminal marking plate. (i) Connection diagram. Rating plate, The rating plate shall give the following information. (0, 3VA rating. 60 ced on no load a bev, and Lv. dest Curren Ly. sides (iv) Phases on hw. v. sides. Q ian itapedance voltage. (oii) V i wa sen ‘core ia inkg, ll OF groUp. feight of oil {3 Volume of el in ie. Yar ool tctare. fin) Customer's reference saber (ov) (aie) perature of oil in°C. (eet) Maximum guaranteed temperature of windings ‘Terminal marking. anmemaraenpon madly, sind Te ahall give the number of tor on hv. ide exprened in peroetage at cach changer position.STANDARD sPecICATIONS 697 renee late._1t shall give the single line diagram of the connections made to Arcing horas Each transformer shall be fitted with arcing horns, whose function is to envupe that any over voltage reaching the transformer is limited to a value not exceeding 80 per cent of the impulse withstand level of the winding. The arcing horns settings are : Nominal system voltage Aroing horn gap Vir ma.) “33 Single gap — 85 mm 66 Double gap — 16 mm nN Double gap — 20 mm 175, Power transformers (18 ; 20264962), This standard covers oil immersed n rated 1 kVA and above for single phase and 25 kVA transformers with class A insula! and above for polyphase operation. Ratings, Standard kVA ratings. These are given in Table 17112. Table 17:12 Standard kVA ratings for [Link] transformers - 100 1000 10000 - 125 1250 12500 - 160 1600 16000 - 200 2000 20000 25 250 2500 125000 - 315 3180 31500 40 400 4000 40000 - 500 5000 50000 63 630 6300 ‘63000 - 800 8000 80000 Standard kVA ratings for [Link] transformers 1 5 16 2 10 2 Above 25 kVA, the standard ratings for single-phase transformers shall be one-third of the value given for 3-phase transformers, Tappings. Unless otherwise specified, adjustment of tapings, if required, shall be tach as wo provide fo «voltage adjustment on the high voltage vide of E24 percents and 225 per cont of the rated voltage, the tappings being Jocated on the higher voltage ing. ‘Tap-changing shall be affected by means of an externally operated off-circuit switch ‘capable of being locked in positions. If specified, the tap-changing may also be carried out by means of funder olf arranged becom terminals to which the tapping leads have ‘been brought, ‘The transformer may, if required, be equipped with on-load tap changer. ‘Test voltages. ‘The insulation levels employed on transformers complying with this standard are influenced by several factors. ‘The requirements of this section are based on the highest systecn voltages .396 MSCTRICAL MACHINE D&SION For transformers designed for operation in electrically non-exposed installation, only power frequency voltage tests are required, the appropriate test voltages shall be as given in Insulation to earth. Uniform insulation to earth shall be provided for all delta ‘onnected windings and for star or interconnected star windings where the neutral end of the windings is not specified for connection to earth. Graded insulation may be provided for star and interconnected star windings if the eutral end of the windings is specified for connection to earth. . ‘Table 17-13, Test voltages for transformers not designed for impulse voltage testing. ne ne Pome gpa ate — Lowe than 1-0 ‘Lesa than 11 2s 10 " 92 Fry 36 82 66 12 sa i" 120 250 1s ws 360 Table 1714, Test voltages for transformer designed for impulse voltage tests ‘Nomisal Highest nites pie | he Standard 1 Standard 2 AV ms AV rm KV peak AY peak 38 36 4s 4s 66 12 0 o " 2 8 8 1s irs 9% 9% 2 4 125 125 33 36 170 17 ” 32 20 250 % ns ns m5 s 100 450 380 0 123 330 0 1 us «0 ss = us 1080 yasSTANDARD SPECIFICATIONS 99 ‘Transformers shall be capable of withstanding the relevant power frequency test voltages given in Table 17°13 and where appropriate, the relevant power frequency and im- Pulse test voltage given in Table 17°14. Limits of temperature rise. The temperature rise of transformer windings, oil and cores shail not exceed the limite prescribed in Table 17°15. Table 1715, [Link] limits for oll-icamersed type transformers, | Cooling classification Tamperature rise, °C Windings (measured by | ‘ON, OB, OW 55 resistance) OFN, OFR o oFw 6 Oil (monsured by the thermo- Al 4s meter 1n top oll) Cores Cores shall be 90 designed that the temperature rise on any part of the external surface does not exceed that of the windings. Performance under external short-circuit conditions, Transformers shall be desigaed to b+ capable of withstaidin3, without injury, the thermal and mechanical effects of short-circuits at the terminals of any winding for the periods given in Table 17°6, The current density in any winding based on the rms value of the initial symmetrical Gomponent of the through-fault current shall not exceed the appropriate value given in Table 17:16. Impedance voltage [Link] duratio Impedance Symmetrical short circult current, | (Duration Maximum voltage rms valus, to be withsood, short ewe current ames Ct ee density Percent . Alan 4or less 2s 2 o 3 0 3 7s 6 16s 4 er Tand above Morles ’ C3 Electrical performance. i and Regulation. When statements of efficiency and regulation are required they shall be based on loading at the rated KVA and at unity power + iba (and aber power factors, if agreed). Recommended load and no los:| lowes for certain ratings of traneformers are given in Table 17°18.CJ LACTRICAL, MACHINE DasION The recommended percentage impedances at 75°C are 4'5 per cent for transformer of rating upto and including 100 kVA, 11 kV and 4-75 transform : thove 160 EVA tncluding 1009 KVACIL KW a a Tolerances. Table 17°17 gives th> various values of tolerances. Table 1717, Tolerances on electrical performance, —___—_ Tam Tolerance 1, Voleage ratio on no-load = % of the declared ratio or a percentage equal to 10% of the actual percentage impedance at rated load, whichever is smaller. 2. Impedance voltage On principal tappings ‘Two winding transformer=n10% (0) Multi-winding transformer=15% 3. Load low Plus 10% of the guaranteed loss. 4 No-load los Plus 10% of the guaranteed loss. 5. Bfficiency In accordance with the tolerance on losses 6. Regulation In accordance with tolerances on impedance voltage and load lower Note, No lnad cu-rent is not considered to be a subject for guarantee and therefore no tolerance is specified. ‘Teste, Tests shail be made at the manufscturer’s works at room temperature and with all those external components and fittings in place which are likely to affect the Test of transformers (8) Rowtine taete, All transformers shall be subjected to routine tests at the manu- facturer’s works, The tests shall comprise : (a) Measurement of winding resistance (83 Ratio, polarity and phase relationships (@) Impedance voltage (4) Load lones (@) No load losses and no load current (f) Tosulation resistance (9) Induced over voltage withstand (A) Separate source voltage withitad. (60) Pype teste. In addition ro tne routine tests the following type tests may be made by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer : (e) Impulse-voltage withstand test, and (0) Temperature rise test, If records of type teits on a transformer which, in esential details, is tative of the one bei purchased, are furnished, the purchaser may accept these as lence of type tests instead of actual tests. (4ii) Supplementary teat, Zero phase sequence impedance measurement is 2 supplementary test. .STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS ‘ 901 Table 17:18, Recommended losses of transformers upto and including 1000 LVA and 11 kV. VA voting No-load loss ot normal voltage Lood loss at fulll oad ‘and frequency a 7sc 100 500 2000 Bs 570 2350 160 670 2840 200 800 3400 250 930 4000 as 1150 470 “0 1380 5700 00 160 0 860 1980 $260 ‘00 2400 9980 4000 2200 11880 ROTATING MACHINERY INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION PUBLICATION 34-1 176, Recommendations for rotating electrical machinery (eacluding machines for traction vehicles) Definitions Roting. The rating of an electrical machine is a statement of ‘the operating limites tions amigned to it by the maker, and comprises output, speed, voltage, current, frequency, Power factor, etc., as marked on the rating plate. Oontinuows Rating (OR). The rating corresponding to the load which can be sustained continuously when all the appropriate requirements of these specifications are specified. Short-time Bating (STR). The rating corresponding to the load which can be sustained for a specific time when all the appropriate requirements of these specifications are satisfied. | Teja urval to speak of a machine by its rated ourput. Tt i to nonce Da Te ould be aed fn Be ecco ee, tH meemary For direct it generators, the electrical power at the wat (Wh, Ker (ki), or megan (MW), terminals, expressed in, current generators the a electric power terminals expel Fo lca {VA),tlovlbampere (EVA), or maguvlt-tapere (AVA) snk amet Ga Beat the sha, prone in wat OW),