Classification: - The word classification derived from “Latin” word “classis” it’s mean division or grouping.

The classification is defined as the act or organizing all knowledge into some systematic order or grouping
of same things according to common characteristic is known as classification. The main purpose of
classification is to organize or disorganized things or material in some logical order such as books, fruits etc.
Brief History of classification schemes
the classification system was introduced in late 19th and early 18th century. There are many famous name in
library classification such as Charles A. Cutter, Melville Dewey, S.R Ranganathan, Paul Otlet etc. in indo-
Pakistan the development of classification was made by the librarian. All tried to expand Dewey classes
related to subjects of local interest such as religion, geographical area, history languages etc. but Haji Shafi
expended the Dewey classification relating subject to interest of Pakistan. he didn’t change Dewey number
but expended these numbers. And some librarian changed locations of the numbers. the Islamic countries
also change the Dewey numbers according to their religion and requirement
220-279 arranged to Islam (in Dewey for Christianity) 410 Arabic 810 Arabic Literature
Language
Cutter Expansive Classification: - Charles Ammi Cutter (183-1903) developed his system on English
alphabets and digits. It is mixture of library of congress system. Cutter introduced his system for the
collection of Boston Athenaeum library. It’s first edition was published in 1890 and adopted by few libraries
in USA (England). Such as Its main classes were:
A General Works H-J-K Social Sciences, Law
B-D Philosophy, Psychology, Religion L-T Science and Technology
E, F, G Biography, History, Geography and travels U-VS Military, Sports, Recreation
VT, VV,W Theatre, Music Fine arts
Library of Congress Classification (LCC): - Library of congress (USA) librarian developed the
classification system. The classification was introduced by the “Hebert Putnam” librarian of Library of
congress in 1897. This new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. It is
mostly used by researcher and university libraries in the United States and many different countries around
the world. Its notation is mixed, English alphabets and Arabic numerals both includes.
A General Works K law R Medicine
B Philosophy, Psychology, L Education S Agriculture
Religion
C Auxiliary Sciences of History M Music and Books T Technology
music
D History, General and Old World N fine Arts U military science
E- History: America P Language and literature V Naval Science
F
G Geography Q Science Z Bibliography , library
science
H social Sciences
Universal Decimal Classification Schemes. UDC
it is the world advanced classification scheme for all field of knowledge UDC was introduced by the
Belgium barrister “Paul Otlet” and Nobel prize winner “Henri La Fontaine” in 1895. The UDC was
developed from DDC “Dewey Decimal Classification. UDC first published in French from 1904 to 1907. It
is a most flexible and effective system for organizing bibliographic record for all kinds of information in any
medium The structure of UDC is a way of new development and new field of knowledge. The UDC is used
in worldwide and published in 23 different languages.
• There are two kinds of tables in UDC:
• The field of knowledge are arranged and organized in 10 different group they are main tables and also
known as “Schedules”. It consists of different numbers from 0 to 9. USD used in worldwide. And published
in 23 different languages.
• Auxiliary tables, including certain auxiliary signs. The signs (e.g. the plus, the stroke, the colon) are used
to link two or more numbers, so expressing relations of various kinds between two or more subjects
Colon Classification (CC)
It was introduced by S.R Ranganathan in 1933. It is an analytical classification and subjects are divided into
facets and class numbers are Synthesized from the classifications. It names colon classification comes from
the use of colons to divided facets in class numbers. It is used in few libraries of India and couldn’t become
famous due to its complex and very lengthy notation such as L,45;421:6;253: f.44’N5

Edition
 The first edition of UDC was introduced in 1905 by French. Which has “33000” sub divisions.
 Second edition also published in French and which has “70000” sub divisions.
 3rd edition was published in British which as 7 Volume and 3 Volume “alphabetic index” including
140000 sub division. The edition is available in “French, Spanish, and Japanese” language
 The English translation was publication was introduced in 1943 as a 4th edition of UDC.

Purpose of UDC
i. The method of arranging books on library shelves in order that will be helpful to user.
ii. The method used to arrange book subtitles in printed bibliographies and catalogues.
iii. To clarify the recorded knowledge
iv. To access the document or locate document features.
Feature of UDC
i. UDC based on the demands of user reports and periodical literature.
ii. It is a general classification system not a set of special classification.
iii. Based on DDC Schemes and considered to be analytic synthetic classification schemes.
iv. UDC avoids the limitations of private classification schemes by offering a standardized and
comprehensive system that covers all field.
Principles of UDC
1. It is a classification, strict sense depending on the analysis of idea, content that related concepts and
group of concepts
2. Its notation consists of Indo-Arabic digits used decimally, providing hospitality and social sciences.
3. It also accepts the principles of mutually exclusive classes, collection of related subjects etc.
4. It is a universal classification system includes every field of knowledge not as a patchwork of
isolates, independent specialization.
5. It is a helpful method for finding information in which the access of specific information takes
importance over the order of the subjects.
UDC Notations and Symbols:
The Dewey Decimal Classification provides the structure and notational basis for the UDC. The basic
notation of UDC consists of Indo-Arabic digits 0 to 9, different mathematical numbers, and symbols that
converts it into a mixed notation. The numbers indicate 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Every digit in a single-digit
number used by UDC is important.
Symbols Expressed as Significance
+ Plus Connection of non-consecutive numbers
/ Stoke Connection of consecutive numbers
: Colon Relation
[] Square Brackets Relation (Subordinate)
= Equals Language
(0) Brackets Naught Form
(0-9) Brackets Place
(=) Brackets Equals Race and Nationality
 ”“ Inverted Commas Time
A-Z A to Z Individual Sub-divisions
– Hyphen Special Analytical numbers
.00 Point Double Zero Point of View
.0 Point Naught Special Analytical numbers
Ten main Classes of UDC
Science and Knowledge. Organization. Computer Science. Information Science. Documentation.
0 Librarianship. Institutions. Publications
1 Philosophy. Psychology
2 Religion. Theology
3 Social Sciences
4 Vacant
5 Mathematics. Natural Sciences
6 Applied Sciences. Medicine, Technology
7 The Arts. Entertainment. Sport
8 Linguistics. Literature
9 Geography. History
Revision policy of UDC
The International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) usually updates and revises the
UDC. The revision is done in the following steps

1. Extension of topics by more detailed sub-divisions.