A mini project synopsis on
“ULTRASONOIC RADAR”
A Synopsis Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The
Requirement For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Engineering
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
• Mr. Athrava Gupte(TE-23)
• Ms. Aakansha Gurav(TE-24)
• Mr. Aniket Hallale(TE-25)
• Mr. Kaustubh Hankare(TE-26)
Under the guidance of :
[Link] Gawande
Department Of Electrical Engineering
Smt. Indira Gandhi College Of
EngineeringNavi Mumbai-400701
(Affiliated To University Of
Mumbai)2022-2023
Smt. Indira Gandhi College Of Engineering Navi Mumbai
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[Link] GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This Is Certify That Mini Project Synopsis Entitled “Ultrasonic radar” Is A Bonafide
Work Of “Atharva Gupte (TE-23), Aakansha Gurav(TE-24) , Aniket Hallale(TE-
25)& Kaustubh Hankare(TE-26) ” Submitted To The University Of Mumbai In Partial
Fulfilment Of The Requirement For The Award Of Submission SEM-VII Project Term-
Work Of “Electrical Engineering”.
(Prof. Arun Gawande) (Prof. Nishant Joshi)
Supervisor/ Guide Head Of Electrical Department
(Dr. Sunil. S. Chavan)
Principal
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MINI PROJECT REPORT APPROVAL
This project report entitled Ultrasonic Radar by “Atharva Gupte (TE-23),Aakansha
Gurav (TE-24),Aniket Hallale(TE-25),Kaustubh Hankare (TE-26))” is approved for
the degree of (TE ELECTRICAL)
Atharva Gupte
Aakansha Gurav
Aniket Hallale
Kaustubh Hankare
Is Approved For The Degree
Of Bachelor Of Engineering
(Electrical Engineering) Of
University Of Mumbai, For
TheYear 2022-23.
Date:
Time
Examiner
_____________
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DECLARATION
We The Undersigned, Declare That The Project Entitled “ULTRASONOIC RADAR”, Being
Submitted In Partial Fulfillment For The Award Of Bachelor Of Engineering Degree In
Electrical Engineering, Affiliated To Mumbai University, Is The Work Carried Out By Us. I
Also Declare That I Have Adhered To All Principles Of Academic Honesty And Integrity
And Have Not Misrepresented Or Fabricated Or Falsified Any Idea/ Data/ Fact/ Source In My
Submission. I Understand That Any Violation Of The Above Will Be Cause For Disciplinary
Action By The Institute And Can Also Evoke Penal Action From The Sources Which Have
Thus Not Been Properly Cited Or From Whom Proper Permission Has Not Been Taken When
Needed.
Name:-
1. [Link] Gupte
2. [Link] Gurav
3. [Link] Hallale
4. [Link] Hankare
Date: ________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It Is Indeed A Matter Of Great Pleasure And Proud Privilege To Be Able
To Present This Project On “Ultrasonic Radar”.
To Work On The Selected Project Is An Milestone In The Student Life In
The Proper Guideline Of The Project Guide. We Are Highly Indebted The
Project Guide [Link] Gawande .For His Invaluable Guidance And
Appreciation For Giving Form And Substance To This Report. It Is Due To
Her Enduring Efforts, Patience And Enthusiasm, Which Has Given A Sense
Of Direction And Purposefulness To This Project And Ultimately Made It A
Success.
We Would Also Like To Thank Our Head Of Department Prof. Mr.
Nishant Joshi For Giving Us This Opportunity And Guidance And
Encouragement. We Would Also Like To Express Our Deep Regards And
Gratitude To Our Principal Dr. Sunil S. Chavan.
We Would Wish To Thank The Non- Teaching Staff And Our Friends
Who Have Helped Us All The Time In One Way Or The Other. Really It Is
Highly Impossible To Repay The Debt Of All The People Who Have Directly
Or Indirectly Helped Us For Performing The Project.
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PREFACE
We, “Atharva Gupte, Aakansha Gurav Aniket Hallale & Kaustubh Hankare ” Student Of
Second Year Course Of Electrical Engineering, Smt. Indira Gandhi College Of Engineering,
Hereby Declare That The Work Presented In This Mini Project Entitled ‘Ultrasonic Radar’ Is
Outcome Of Our Own Work, Correct To Best Of Our Knowledge And This Work Has Been
Carried Out Taking Care Of Engineering Ethics.
I Take An Opportunity To Present This Case Study On Technology Which Is Written With
Respect To The Data Available Through Newspaper, Patents, Internet, Reviews From Social
Media, Etc… The Project Has Been Illustrated With Lots Of Creative Photos And Diagrams
Including Information.
Although Every Case Has Been Taken To Check Mistakes And Misprints, Yet It Is Difficult To
Claim Perfections. Any Errors And Suggestions For The Improvement Of This Report Brought
To My Notice Will Be Thankfully Acknowledged And Incorporated In The Next Report.
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ABSTRACT
The application of radio detection and ranging in different places such as military
installation, commercial use is done with the help of RADAR SYSTEM which
uses electromagnetic waves for detection of different physical components such as
distance, speed, position, range, direction, size etc which can be either fixed or be
in motion. Use of radar system has been developed greatly specially in field of
navigation. In this research we study about existing navigation technologies and
proposed an Arduino based radar system. It has advantage over other radar system
as kit reduces power consumption and connect programmer to wide range or
Arduino programmers and open source code. The system consist a basic ultrasonic
sensor placed upon a servo motor which rotates at a certain angle and speed. This
ultrasonic sensor is connected to Arduino digital input output pins and servo motor
also connected to digital input output pins.
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INDEX
1. Certificate 2
2. Project Report Approval For S.E 3
3. Declaration 4
4. Acknowledgement 5
5. Preface 6
6. Abstract 7
7. Introduction 9
8. Literature Survey 10
9. Block Diagram 11
10. Circuit Diagram 12
11. Program Code 13
12. Flow Chart 14
13. List Of Components 15
14. Estimated Cost 16
15. Advantages 17
16. Disadvantages 18
17. Future Scope 19
18. Result & Conclusion 20
19. Reference 21
20. Weekly report 22
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INTRODUCTION
We know everything produces sound wave just by existence and effect flow of air around them
with their natural frequency. These frequencies are beyond hearing range of humans. Wave of
frequency range of 20000hz and thereabouts are called ultra-sonic wave and these waves can be
detected by an ultrasonic sensor which helps us to get various knowledge.
An Ultrasonic detector usually has a transducer which convert sound energy into electrical
energy and electrical energy into sound energy. They are used for measuring object position and
orientation, collision avoidance system, surveillance system etc. Ultrasonic technology provide
relief from problem such as linear measurement problem, as it allows user to get non-contact
measurements in this way distance between object and its speed etc can me easily measured.
Speed of travel of sound wave depends upon square root of ratio between medium density and
stiffness. Also, property of speed of sound can also be changed by natural environment condition
like temperature. So basically, an ultrasonic sensor sends ultrasonic waves which travels in air
and gets reflected after striking any object. By studying the property of reflected wave, we can
get knowledge about objects distance, position, speed etc.
A processing software and an Arduino software is used with hardware system for detection of
objects various parameters. One of the most common application of ultra-sonic sensor is range
finding. It is also called as sonar which is same as radar in which ultrasonic sound is directed at a
particular direction and if there is any object in its path it strikes it and gets reflected back and
after calculation time taken to come back we can determine distance of object. in real life this
method is used by bats.
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Literature survey
The evolution and research efforts in radar have been enormously successful, and have vitally changed
computing.
Eventually the researchers working on radar to design and develop and improve security and user
interfaces and
capable enough fulfill the intended performance criteria desired in the different environment. Radar is an
object
detection system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of
both moving
and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain and when instead
of
electromagnetic waves, we use ultrasonic waves, it is called an ultrasonic radar. The main components in
any
Ultrasonic radar are the Ultrasonic Sensors. Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to radar or
sonar which
evaluates attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves. This project aims on
the use of
Ultrasonic Sensor by connected to the raspberry PI board and the signal from the sensor further provided
to the
screen formed on the laptop to measure the presence of any obstacle in front of the sensor as well as
determine the
range and angle at which the obstacle is detected by the sensor.
In 1842, Christian Doppler effect is the apparent change in frequency or pitch when a sound source moves
either
toward or away from the listener, or when the listener moves either toward or away from the sound
source.
In 2010, Milenko S. Andri´c,Boban, [Link]ˇzuli´c, and Bojan M. Zrnic’ s paper the database of radar
echoes from various targets has been described. The database is available for public download. The
spectral analysis
conducted in this paper is used to extract very basic information that could be used for classification.
In 2012, Alexander Angelov, Andrew Robertson, Roderick Murray-Smith, Francesco Fio’s paper has
presented
results for classification problems in the automotive radar context using different neural network
architectures.
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BLOCK DAIGRAM
➢ The aim of this project is to calculate the distance position and speed of the object placed
at some distance from the sensor.
➢ Ultrasonic sensor sends the ultrasonic wave in different directions by rotating with help
of servo motor. This wave travels in air and gets reflected back after striking some object.
This wave is again sensed by the sensor and its characteristics is analysed and output is
displayed in screen showing parameters such as distance and position of object.
➢ Arduino IDE is used to write code and upload coding in Arduino and helps us to sense
position of servo motor and posting it to the serial port along with the distance of the
nearest object in its path.
➢ The output of sensor is displayed with the help of processing software to give final output
in display screen
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CIRCUIT DAIGRAM
➢ Ultrasonic sensor (UDM) has 4 wire interface. (1) Vcc (2) Gnd (3) Trig(input) and (4)
Echo (output). Vcc is connected to +5 V pin and Gnd is connected to ground pin of
arduino board. Trig pin is connected to digital pin 6 and echo pin is connected to digital
pin 5.
➢ Servo motor has 3 wire interface. (1) Vcc (2) Gnd and (3) PWM input (signal). Again
Vcc is connected to +5V pin and Gnd is connected to ground pin of arduino board. PWM
input is connected to analog output pin 11.
➢ Arduino board is connected to computer/laptop through USB cable for serial
communication as well as to download the program.
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➢ PROGRAM CODE
#include<Servo.h>
int trig =10;
int echo=9;
int buzzer=2;
Servo myservo;
void setup()
{
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(trig,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo,INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
[Link](11);
[Link](9600);
void loop()
{
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
for(int i=0;i<180;i++)
{
[Link](i);
delay(30);
if (calc_dis()<=50 && calc_dis()>=5)
{
[Link]("distance-");
[Link](calc_dis());
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
delay(1000);
[Link](">>");
[Link](buzzer);
}
}
for(int i=180;i>0;i--)
{
[Link](i);
delay(30);
if (calc_dis()<=50 && calc_dis()>=5)
{
[Link]("distance-");
[Link](calc_dis());
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
delay(1000);
[Link](">>");
[Link](buzzer);
}
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FLOW CHART
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LIST OF COMPONENTS
1 Ardunio UNO
2 Jumper wires
3 Ultrasonic sensor
4 Buzzer
5 Servo motor
6 Bread board
7 Display
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ESTIMATED COST
Components Rating & Quantity Cost (in Rs)
Ardunio UNO 1 600
Jumper wires 10-15 50
Ultrasonic sensor 1 100
Buzzer 1 100
Servo motor 1 200
Bread board 1 80
Total cost = 1130
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ADVANTAGES
➢ Unlike proximity sensors using lightor cameras,dark environmenthave no effect on an
ultrasonic sensor’s detection ability.
➢ Ultrasonic sensorsnreflect sound off of object, so the color or transparency have no effect on
the sensor’s reading.
➢ It has sensing capability to sense all the material types.
➢ This sensor is not affected due to atmospheric dust, rain, snow etc.
➢ It can work in any adverse conditions.
➢ It has higher sensing distance (in centimeters and inches) compare to inductive/capacitive
proximity sensor types.
➢ It provides good readings in sensing large sized objects with hard surfaces.
➢ Ultrasonic sensors have proven their reliability and endurance in virtually all industrial
sectors
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DISADVANTAGES
➢ Atmospheric movements disturb the measurement and can reduce the range. Working
can be disturbed by noise (industrial for example) which induces detection errors.
➢ The collection of measurements may be affected by the sensor (movement of a
manipulator’s arm or mobile robot).
➢ Acoustic measurement is slow compared to light due to the lower speed of acoustic
signals.
➢ Optical-based sensing technologies have a similar principle to ultrasonic technology.
➢ They cannot detect sound-absorbing materials.
➢ Ultrasonic sensors are very sensitive to variations in temperature.
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FUTURE SCOPE
We have represented a project on Radar using Ultrasonic Sensor for human or object
interference in short range.
There is a lot future scope of this project as modification with Wifi connection between
Arduino and Android can be introduced in order to monitoring through internet.
GPS can be introduced for security purpose.
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RESULT & CONCLUSION
We have decided that our plan "Radar System" is an extremely tremendous field and the
future extent of this innovation is high. We have colossal frameworks that have been
executed or utilized .
There is a top of future extent of this plan due to its security limit. It very well may be
utilized in numerous applications.
This framework can just identify objects from 0 to 180 degrees simply because the servo
engine that we have utilized can pivot just to this reach.
Utilization of a 360 degrees pivoting servo engine can make the framework more
productive.
We anticipate changing this framework and upgrading our examination work by utilizing
a completely 360 degrees pivoting servo and a higher went ultrasonic sensor.
The project can be developed and modified according to the rising need and demands.
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REFERENCE
1) Ahmn Emmael Oja, Abdualam Myam, Olwadailol, Lukan Adwale-“Embedded System Based
Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) System Using Arduino and UltraSonic Sensor”
Embedded System and Application 2017.
2) Shreye Mehta, Shahank Tiwari- RADAR SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND
ULTRASONIC SENSOR IJNRD,Volume 3, Issue 4 April 2018
. 3) Antono Tedschi ; Stefno Calatera , Francsco Beedeto- “ Ultrasonic RAdar System” : Arduino
IEEE Sensors Journal Volume: 17 , Issue: 14 , July15, 15 2017.
4) Kiruthkamani G, Saranya.B, Pandyan.P-“Intelligent Driver Monitoring and Vehicle Control
System” IJSRD -International Journal for Scientific Research & Development,.Volume 5 , Issue
09, 2017
5) Mohad Madi Abdulkaem, Qusa Adil Mohamed, Muhaned Mahmod Shakir-“Short Range
Radar System.
6) Srijn Dubey, Supragya Tiwari, Simit Roy -“ IMPLEMENTATION OF RADAR USING
ULTRASONIC SENSOR” Indian [Link]. 2017.
7) Anuj Dutt , 2014, Arduino based radar System. 23
8) S. Murakmi, Y. Nishia, T. Hori, H. Mioguchi, Detecting Human Head Location Using a
Simply Installed Ultrasonic Radar System, 1A23(1)-(2), September 2004.
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Project Weekly
Report
Project: - Mini Project 2B
Class: - TEGroup No: - 7
Semester: - VI Academic Year: - 2022-23
Project Title: - Ultrasonic radar using ariuno
Name: - Prof Arun Gawande
[Link] Name of Group Roll No
Members
1 Atharva Gupte 23
2 Akansha Gurav 24
3 Aniket hallale 25
4 Kaustubh Hankare 26
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Project In
Week Date of
Assigned Work Work Completed charge
No. Review
Signature
1 Procurement of Identification of required component for
component project and comparing price
13-1-23
2 20-1-23 Procurement of Some components are purchased from
component electronic shop and some are ordered
online
3 27-1-23 Simulation Go through the different platforms
available for simulation to find out one
which is convenient
4 3-2-23 Simulation Using tinkercad for simulation and make
some changes in code
5 10-2-23 Fabrication of Project Attached the components on board and
make the connections
6 17-2-23 Fabrication of Project Added one extra component in the
project
7 24-2-23 Hardware testing & Check the working by placing at
Troubleshooting different location
8 3-3-23 Result Verification & Project is meeting our demands and
Validation there are no changes required
10-3-23 Future Scope of the project project on Radar using
9
Ultrasonic Sensor for human or
object interference in short range.
There is a lot future scope of this
project as modification with Wifi
connection between Arduino and
Android can be introduced in
order to monitoring through
internet.
GPS can be introduced for
security purpose.
10 12-4-23 Project Synopsis All the data that we have collected
preparation during these period is arranged in proper
manner or by taken university guidelines
under consideration report was made
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11 12-4-23 Project PPT We prepare ppt on our project
12 21-4-23 PPT Presentation we prepare PPT on our project and give
presentation in front of all college
professors and selected for the project
exhibition on the basis of our PPT and
Group presentation.
13 26-4-23 Submission of project project synopsis Hard copy submitted to
project guide and uploaded in Google
classroom.
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