EXPERIMENT 1: COMBINATION
Observing the Reaction of Copper Wire when Burned
I. Objective/s
To monitor what happens when the scratched portion of the copper wire is
burned.
II. Materials and Procedure
Materials:
Copper Wire
Sandpaper
Alcohol Lamp
Matches
Tongs
Procedure:
1. Scratch the end portion of the copper wire on a piece of sandpaper to remove its
enamel.
2. Tick a match to emit a flame to heat the alcohol lamp.
3. Use a pair of tongs to hold the other portion of the copper wire without the
removed part of the enamel while burning it.
4. Observe the reaction.
III. Results and Discussion
When the wire was exposed to the heat of the flame during the first contact it
turned a red color. As it lasted being heated the red color turned into a silver color.
There were no ashes that had fallen coming from the wire meaning the length of the
copper wire remained the same from the beginning to the end after being burned. As
soon as the wire was briefly removed from the flame the color turned black but when
placed back in the flame it turned red and then into silver. There was a difference in the
color of the copper wire when placed and removed from the flame of the heat.
IV. Conclusion
Oxygen plays a role in this reaction; when the heated copper wire was removed
from the flame it turned a black color. The reason behind this is that it reacted with the
oxygen in the air. The chemical equation is as follows:
Cu +O2=Cu2 Omaking a product of Copper (I) Oxide. Moreover, one use of the
product Copper (I) Oxide is that it is an effective control over corrosion.
V. Documentation
EXPERIMENT 3: SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
Comparing the Reactivity of Zinc, Magnesium, and Aluminum to Hydrochloric Acid
I. OBJECTIVE/S
To investigate and compare the reactivity of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium
with hydrochloric acid, and their reaction rates.
II. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE
A. Zinc-hydrochloric acid Mixture
Test tube
Hydrochloric acid
A piece of zinc
B. Magnesium-hydrochloric acid Mixture
Test tube
Hydrochloric acid
A piece of magnesium
C. Aluminum-hydrochloric acid Mixture
Test tube
Hydrochloric acid
A piece of aluminum
PROCEDURE:
1. Pour each of the three test tubes with 1 mL of hydrochloric acid.
2. Put the piece of zinc, magnesium, and aluminum in each test tube simultaneously.
3. Observe the reactions.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Once the zinc was placed in a test tube containing approximately 1 mL of hydrochloric acid,
there was no immediate reaction. However, it progressively dissolves but not entirely,
producing a hint of smoke and a grayish color while the reaction lasts. On the other hand, when
the magnesium was placed in the tube, it reacted quickly compared to zinc. The magnesium-
hydrochloric acid reaction appears to “bubble” more vigorously producing a clear, and
dissolved solution of magnesium-HCl. Respectively, on the other test tube, unlike zinc and
magnesium, aluminum showed a delayed reaction. The reaction was slow at first, but once it
finally happened, it sped up producing a completely dissolved, residue-free, and colorless
solution of aluminum-HCl.
IV. CONCLUSION
All three reactions occur in the same test tube at the same time, releasing hydrogen gas as their
byproduct.
Zn + 2HCl=ZnCl2 +H2
Mg + 2HCl=MgCl2 +H2
Al + 2HCl=AlCl2 +H2
The reactions happened at different rates because each metal had a different reactivity.
Magnesium, the most reactive metal, reacted first, followed by zinc and aluminum.
V. DOCUMENTATION
EXPERIMENT 4: DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
TITLE
I. Objective/s
To determine how double displacement reaction occurs
To determine examples of double displacement reaction
II. Materials and Procedure
A. Mixture of Vinegar and Baking Soda
35 ml vinegar
1 teaspoon baking soda
1. Pour 35 ml of vinegar into a beaker.
2. Get 1 teaspoon of baking soda and pour it into the beaker with the vinegar.
B. Mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid
Sodium Hydroxide
Hydrochloric Acid
1. In a beaker, mix hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
C. Elephant Toothpaste
250 mL of Hydrogen Peroxide
5 pumps of Dishwashing liquid
1 teaspoon of Potassium Iodide
Food coloring
Glass bottle
1. Pour 250 mL of Hydrogen Peroxide into a glass bottle.
2. Add the food coloring of your choice.
3. Add 5 pumps of dishwashing liquid soap.
4. Pour 1 teaspoon of potassium iodide.
III. Results and Discussions
A. Mixture of Vinegar and Baking Soda
Once the baking soda, a base, was added to the beaker containing 35 mL of vinegar, the
mixture instantly foamed up, producing a new substance which is carbon dioxide gas. The
reaction was very quick to happen and the carbon dioxide gas that was produced was very
evident as it was seen in the form of smoke. The beaker wasn’t safe to touch because it was
very hot.
To further explain what had happened, Sodium Bicarbonate commonly known as
baking soda contains a sodium atom, a hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a carbon dioxide
molecule while vinegar contains acetic acid, each molecule of which includes a hydrogen atom,
and an acetate ion. Baking soda's hydrogen atom joins with the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in
the acetic acid to form a water molecule, while the acetate ion grabs hold of the sodium atom
to create sodium acetate, a salt. With its other chemical ties broken, the carbon dioxide
molecule can now escape and emit gas, forming tiny bubbles that were seen in the experiment.
Hence, the chemical equation for this reaction is:
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq).
(This acid-base double displacement reaction or a neutralization reaction then produced carbon
dioxide gas, liquid water, sodium ions, and acetate ions.)
Lastly, the mixture of baking soda and vinegar can be used for household cleaning as it
breaks up and removes grease, and scrubs down odorous surfaces.
B. Mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid
As the sodium hydroxide interacts with the hydrochloric acid, a rapid release of steam
and heat occurred. Later on, a grainy substance was identified at the bottom of the solution,
which is sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt.
The chemical equation for this reaction is: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) +
heat. (The neutralization reaction of two corrosive chemicals resulted in 3 substances
particularly, water, heat, and one that we use in our daily lives, salt.)
C. Elephant Toothpaste
The soap foamed up and overflowed when one teaspoon of potassium iodide was
added to the glass bottle containing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and dishwashing liquid.
This is because the iodide ion catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which
releases a significant amount of energy, some of which is then used to form the chemical bonds
that produce water and oxygen. This indicates that the reaction is exothermic, or that heat is
released, as demonstrated in the experiment by the steaming of the foam.
The chemical equation for this reaction is:
H2O2(aq) + I-(aq) → OI-(aq) + H2O(l)
H2O2(aq) + OI-(aq) → I-(aq) + H2O(l) + O2(g)
IV. Conclusion
The reactions observed in the experiments were examples of double displacement
reactions. This type of reaction occurs when two chemical substances exchange ions to produce
new molecules. Positive and negative ions exchange during this process.
The general formula for double displacement reaction is:
A+B− + C+D− → A+D−+ C+B−
A type of double displacement reaction is a neutralization reaction. When an acid and a
base are combined, a chemical process, neutralization, occurs. With the appropriate ratio of
acid and base, a neutral solution can be created. In the experiment, the mixture of Vinegar and
Baking Soda and the mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid, are examples of
neutralization reactions. It was observed that these mixtures warmed up during the reaction.
This is due to the neutralization reaction's exothermic nature, which means that heat or light is
released as byproducts.
(inde ko sure ung sa elephant toothpaste hehe)
...
V. Documentation
