Reviewer in MAPEH 8 gongs (sometimes called kettles or pots) place

Music of South East Asia horizontally onto strings in a wooden

Geographical, History, and Cultural frame(rancak). They are typically hit with
Background padded sticks (tabuh)
• Southeast Asia, whose area covers Pesindhen – is a female soloist singer who sings
about 1,740,000 square miles with a gamelan.
(4,506,600sq. Km), is comprised mostly of Gerong – refers to the unison male chorus that
areas of rich agricultural lands that sings with the gamelan
produce rubber, rice, tea, coffee, Javanese Gamelan
tobacco, pepper, and coconut oil. The Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose
Indonesia ancestors are thought to have originated in
• Is an archipelago in Southeast Asia Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines to
comprising approximately 17,500 islands. reach Java between 1,500BC and 1,000BC.
With over 238 million people. The religion of the Javanese is syncretic, with
• Indonesia is the world’s fourth most Islam being laid over spiritual and mystical
populous country and is the fourth beliefs of Hindu-Buddhist and indigenous origins.
biggest nation in the world. Javanese gamelan is an orchestra made up
Indonesian Gamelan mostly of bronze instruments producing a
There are two basic kinds of Indonesian Music homogeneous blended sound.
Scale It represents the javanese philosophical
Slendro – pentatonic scale (five tones) concept based on mysticism or alus (the state
• Slendro (called Salendro by the of being refined)
Sundanese) is the older of two most Javanese Gamelan Instruments
common scales used in Indonesian The Javanese instruments may be divided into
Gamelans scale. three groups.
Pelog – heptatonic scale (seven tones) • Saron demung
• Is one of the two essentials scales of • Saron barong
Gamelan. In Javanese the term is said to • Saron panerus
be a variant of the word “pelag” Saron demung - the saron demung is
meaning fine or beautiful. a metallophone idiophone of the Javanese
• Pelag has seven notes, but many people of Java, Indonesia. It is a melodic
gamelan ensembles only have keys for instrument that is part of the Javanese
five of the pitches. gamelan.
Polyphonic Stratification kind of melody is a
result of hocket/interlock Saron barung - Saron, probably a saron barung,
Irama - is an Indonesian term for tempo part of a Javanese musical ensemble
Gamelan- is the most popular form of music in (Gamelan). It has seven cast bronze keys. The
Indonesia. It is a genetic term for traditional keys rest on wooden pegs attached to the base
musical ensembles of Java and Bali which and they sit on a pad of fibre which would have
comprises predominantly of percussive helped the resonance of the instrument.
instruments. Saron panerus - The saron panerus is the
Metallophones - Is any musical instruments smallest and highest pitched instrument of the
consisting of tuned metal bars which are struck gamelan ensemble. It is played with a wooden
to make sound, usually with a mallet. or horn mallet.
Kendang and Gongs - Kendang is a two Melodic Leaders of the gamelan
headed drum used by peoples from Maritime Rebab - The term rebab refers
Southeast Asia. to chordophones, particularly lutes and lyres,
Kendang is one of the primary instruments used found in Islamic and Islamic-influenced lands.
in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and Bali . In North Africa, where this example is from, the
Gongs are percussion instruments that have a rebab is most often a boat-shaped, two-string
unique, bowl – like appearance, and a round fiddle without frets.
knob in the center. Balinese Gamelan
They’re commonly used in traditional gamelan The Balinese gamelan differs from the Javanese
music ensembles. gamelan. The music consists of brilliant sounds
Bamboo Flute (Suling) with syncopations (displace accent)
Suling or Seruling is an Indonesian bamboo ring Balinese Gamelan Instruments
flute. Depending on the regional genre, a suling Gong kebyar and the gangsa gantung
can be tuned into different scales (metallophone with bamboo resonators)
Suling are made mainly of “tamiang” bamboo, Reyong – four gongs
a long, thin- wallef bamboo tube. The Gangsa gantung – gongs in a row
mouthpiece of the suling is circled with a thin Saron – bronze slabs over a trough resonator.
band made of rattan near a small hole.
Bonang - Is a musical instrument used in the Balinese Gamelan Instruments
Javanese gamelan. It is a collection of small
Gamelan gambuh with its four end-blown flutes, performer to easily define the melodic
one rebab and a group of percussion lines.
instruments. Thailand Instrumental Ensemble
Tromphong – a solo instrument was emphasized • Pi phat – it is a mid-sized orchestra that is
in the gamelan semar pegulingan which used performed in either outdoor style with
to perform in royal court. hard mallets or indoor style with padded
Vocal music – is a music made specially for mallets.
voices. It can be performed with or without • Khrueang Sai – it is an orchestra that
instruments combines some of the percussion and
Instrumental music – is made solely for wind instruments of the Piphat with an
instruments. expanded string section. (indoor
Cambodia- One of the most beautiful country performances)
in Southeast Asia. • Mahori – these ensembles is traditionally
• Art music is highly influenced by ancient played by women in the courts of
forms as well as Hindu forms. Central Thailand and Cambodia.
• Cambodian music is roughly similar to Thailand Pi phat
that of Java, Indonesia. • The pi phat is the orchestra of Thailand
• They feature large choruses with large which consist of melodic percussion
orchestra based on struck keys and instruments (gongs in a circle,
gongs. xylophones, metallophones) and a
Cambodian Pin Peat blown reed.
• The music existed for more than • The pi phat ensemble makes use of a
thousands of years and traces its origin rhythmic group of drums, cymbals, and a
during the Khmer Empire. gong.
• The music of the pin peat orchestra was • The pi phat performs in court ceremonies
first heard in the Royal Court for royal and accompanies theatrical
ceremonies and court dances. presentations.
• The instruments used in the Pin Peat Myanmar
orchestra are still used in today’s modern • The music of Myanmar has similarities
ensemble. with many other musical traditions in the
• Nine and 12 instruments compose a region, including Chinese music and Thai
typical Pin peat music, probably because its longest land
Cambodian Pin Peat Instruments border is shared with China.
• SAMPHOR – a double headed drum • The capital of Myanmar is Yangon is
played with hands. (membranophone) known for the most famous stupa in the
• ONEAT – xylophones (idiophone) country.
• CHHING – finger cymbals (idiophone) Hsaing Waing
• SKORTHOM – two big drums similar to • Is Myanmar’s traditional folk music
Japanese (membranophone) ensemble.
• KONGVONG – gong circles (idiophone) • It is made up in mainly of different gongs
• – two big drums similar to Japanese and drums as well as other instruments
(membranophone) depending on nature of the
Thailand performance.
• Thailand was formerly known as SIAM. Myanmar (loud sounding and soft sounding)
• It is known for being sole nation in • The loud sounding instruments are
Southeast Asia that has never been ruled performed in open-air ensembles at
by a Western power. ceremonies and festivals
• It is for this reason that the country is also • Hsaing Waing instruments belong to the
called “MUANG THAI” which means loud sounding category.
“LAND OF THE FREE” Hsaing Waing Instruments
• Bangkok is the capital and the most • Hne – a double reed pipe
populous city in Thailand. It is known in • Pat waing – a set of 21 drums in a circle
Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or • Chauk Ion pat – a set of 8 tuned drums
simply Krung Thep • Maung hsaing – larger bronze gongs in a
• Music is theoretically based on the five- rectangular frame
tone or seven –tone scale system. It is not • Kyi waing – small bronze gongs in circular
also confined to the royal courts but is frame
also used extensively in dance, theatre, Saung Gauk
and in ceremonies. • The body of saung gauk is made of
• Thai folk music consists of simple songs padauk, the famous Myanmar
with simple melodic lines. mahogany, the flat bar is made of cutch
• Songs of Thailand have inherently poetic wood, it is covered with the leather of a
lyrics which allow the singers or female deer and the strings are made of
silk.
 • An extensive collection of classical songs ● Prohut bark – yellow and green dye
in Myanmar is called MAHAGITA.
● Ebony bark – black dye
Arts of Indonesia Sihn
• Islamic calligraphy has developed in the
country as well. ● The Lao women’s ankle long skirt whose
• Affandi – a painter, is one of Indonesian’s form is undeniable but whose patterns
most highly regarded artists of his time. are unique to each skirt.
• Batik - One of the famous art forms of Golden Threads
Indonesia
• Batik is the method of dyeing mainly on ● Born in Vietnam originated from Han
cottons in the traditional colors of blue, Dong, the center of weaving and
brown, and red which blended. sericulture (silk worm production).
• Wayang- The classical wayang is a
● Old jacquard looms weaving patterns.
Javanese puppet drama that use
puppet drama that uses puppet Shantung Taffeta
manipulated with the use of rods against
a translucent screen lit from behind to ● A type of silk fabric historically from the
cast shadows. The wayang figures called province of Shandong.
WAYANG KULIT, made from perforated ● It slightly thinner and lest irregular.
painted leather
• Weaving - Traditional weaving is found ● Use for bridal gowns
in many parts of Indonesia. These are
Bengaline Weave
used for wall hanging, table covers,
blankets, and bags. These are made ● Is a great looking, thick grained taffeta.
from cotton and other fibers and local
materials such a silk with gold and silver ● It is a durable plain weave fabric that is
yarn characterized by widthwise cords
Architecture formed by using the fine warp yarns.
• Borobudur is one of the greatest Buddhist Ebony Satin
monuments in Southeast Asia ● An all-natural lustrous silk hand-woven in
• The temple is designed in Javanese southern Vietnam and naturally dyed
Buddhist. using ebony fruit pods.
• The temple also demonstrates the Neolithic Period
influences of gupta art that reflects • Neolithic - Neo and lithos meaning
India’s influence on the region. “new” and “stone”
• Stone Carving is an activity where Neolithic Ancestors
pieces of rough natural stone are ❑ The greatest impact on the lives of the
shaped by the controlled removal of Neolithic people was the transition from
stone. hunters and gatherers to farmers.
Thai Fabric ❑ Settlement into permanent villages.
● Thai silk is produced from a cocoon of Food
Thai silkworms. ❑ Hunting from domesticated animals and
● It is mainly produced by Khorat which is birds.
the center of the silk industry in Thailand. ❑ Vegetables and fruits from farmers.
Ikhat technique ❑ Wheat and grains cultivated from
farming
● To create patterns, weavers tie a dye ❑ Now able to supply food for more
portions of weft yarn before weaving people.
begins. ❑ Now able to have more free time.
Clothes
Uneven twill
❑ Brightly colored clothes made by dyed
● It yields single or two-color fabric which wool
are produced by weaving three threads ❑ Created jewelry from bones and stones.
so that the color of one thread Shelter
dominates on one side of the fabric, ❑ Wooden and grass huts
while the two others determine the color ❑ Stones built as shelters
on the reverse side. Occupation
❑ A wide variety of roles were becoming
TRADITIONAL CAMBODIAN TEXTILE available
● Insect nest – Red dye ❑ Some were farmers, others were clothes
maker, potters, etc.
● Indigo – Blue dye
Religion
 ❑ Worshiped many Gods and Goddesses, to cloth or cotton swab and let it dry before
however, strongly based on nature. allowing direct contact to sensitive
Language components.
❑ Neolithic people didn’t have a written
language Brush-If wiping is not possible, use a brush with
❑ Instead they had an oral language soft and long bristles in cleaning the parts.
stories were passed down through Canned/Compressed air - Use this to dust off
generations. and remove grime in between parts that cloth
Stonehenge cannot reach such as keyboard and internal
❑ Tells us that the Neolithic people knew a parts.
lot about architecture, mathematics and
astrology. Cotton swabs - Cotton swabs are best used in
hard to reach and sensitive parts that need
Basketball Players and their positions thorough cleaning.
KYRIE IRVING – point guard/shooting guard Cleaning the Parts of a Personal Computer
LEBRON JAMES – small forward
KEVIN DURANT – power/small forward A. Monitor-problems can be caused by dust,
JOEL EMBID – center/power forward dirt, and even fingerprints. The safest way to
RUSSEL WESTBROOK – point guard clean a monitor is by using a soft clean cloth
ANTHONY DAVIS – power forward moistened with water. The following procedures
STEPHEN CURRY - point guard should be followed when cleaning a monitor:
DWAYNE WADE – shooting guard
1. Turn off the computer unit and unplug it.
BLAKE GRIFFIN – power forward
2. Wipe the monitor gently with moistened cloth
KEVIN GARNET – power forward
until dust and dirt is gone.
3. Do not press down or use excessive strength
REVIEWER IN TLE 8 when wiping the monitor.
4. Let it dry before plugging and turning it on.
Computer Maintenance B. Casing - comes in different sizes and forms,
General Guidelines in Cleaning a Personal but most are made of plastic and metal.
Computer Cleaning the case of the computer does not
only remove dirt but also makes it look new. The
1. Shutdown and unplug the computer before following are the procedures in cleaning a
cleaning it. computer casing:
2. Wear an antistatic wristband and use an 1. Gently wipe the casing with a slightly
antistatic mat in opening the case and damped
touching the parts. cloth.
2. You may spray compressed or canned air to
3. Organize the cleaning tools and materials clean through hard holes and vents that cloth
that are needed. cannot reach.
C. Motherboard - is the internal part of the
4. Make sure to clean the computer on top of computer where proper caution and safety
an empty table or desk and not directly on the should be strictly practiced when cleaning. The
floor.
following are the procedures in cleaning the
5. Do not spray liquid directly to the computer motherboard:
unit and its components. Use a clean cloth or 1. Unplug the computer.
cotton swab in cleaning the surface especially 2. In cleaning the motherboard, avoid
sensitive components. Do not apply just any detaching the wires and cables that are
solvents or cleaning chemicals for it may attached to the different components unless
damage the components. Use water or rubbing you want a thorough cleaning.
alcohol instead. 3. Use canned compressed air.
4. Spray compressed air in an upright position to
6. When cleaning the motherboard of the avoid direct leak of chemical to the surface
computer, unless you are doing a thorough that may affect and damage the
cleaning, do not disconnect the cables. motherboard.
Cleaning Materials D. Memory module - or the memory stick, should
be cleaned to maintain proper connection. If
Cloth - Use a clean lint-free cloth in wiping the memory sticks are dirty, there is a possibility that
external parts or surface of the computer, its if
components, and peripherals. you turn the computer on, the monitor will show
a blue screen indicating that there is a problem
Water or Rubbing Alcohol - Use water or alcohol
in the memory. The following are the
in removing sticky elements and dirt on the
procedures in cleaning a personal computer's
surface of the computer, apply a small amount
memory stick:
1. Gently detach the memory stick from its slot. Wipe the top and bottom gently with cloth or
2. Use a lint-free cloth with a small amount of tissue paper damped in water or rubbing
rubbing alcohol and gently rub the gold alcohol.
contacts.
3. Let it dry and attach it back to its slot. File Maintenance
E. CPU Fan and Heat Sink - are the internal parts Backing up files
that are considered the most difficult to clean.
The easiest way to clean the CPU fan is by using 1. One of the most common techniques of
a can of compressed air. However, in cases backing up files is by saving a copy of the files
where dust is underneath or on the other side of in external storage devices like compact disc,
the fan blade, then there will be a need to flash drive, and memory card.
detach it. The following procedures are applied 2. Now in the digital age, the trend of backing
in cleaning the CPU fan and heat sink: up files externally has shifted to the use of cloud
1. Using a screwdriver, remove the screws storage. The use of cloud storage refers to the
process of saving files online. These files are then
that are holding the CPU fan. stored in a database maintained by a cloud
2. Disconnect the cable from the motherboard storage service provider. Data saved in a cloud
and lift the fan from the heat sink. storage is accessible anywhere from any
device through the use of the Internet which
3. Once the CPU fan is removed, the heat sink makes it easier for users to manage their files.
will be exposed. Some examples of available cloud storage
nowadays are:
4. Using a brush with long bristles, remove the
dust on the top, side, and in between parts of iCloud - is the cloud storage offered by Apple in
the heat sink. all of their devices. Their offered storage
capacity ranges from 5 Gigabytes (GB), free of
5. When dust is removed, spray canned charge, to 2 Terabytes (TB) for a monthly fee.
compressed air to the heat sink.
Google Drive - is accessible to anyone with a
6. Wipe the fan with a damped cloth or spray it Google account and offers 15 GB of free
with compressed air and let it dry before storage.
attaching it back to the heat sink.
Dropbox - offers a variety of deals for their users
F. Keyboard - accumulates different kinds of depending on their needs. They provide 2 GB of
substances such as dirt, dust, food particles, and free storage for Dropbox Basic while their
even liquid. These can get stacked underneath Dropbox Plus has 2 TB of storage space
its keys because the keyboard is where the user available for a monthly fee.
constantly makes a direct physical contact.
Follow the steps below in cleaning the Time Machine - is a feature from the operating
keyboard: system of Mac, the macOS. It allows automatic
backup of all the user's files using an external
1. Disconnect the cable of the keyboard from storage that has been tagged as backup disk
the computer. by the user.
2. Turn the keyboard upside down and gently Backup and Restore - is a feature of the
shake it downwards to remove dirt and other Windows 7 that protects its users from
particles.
permanent data loss. This feature can be
3. Spray compressed air in between automatically done or run manually by
configuring its settings in the control panel.
the keys and wipe the top of the keys with a Although it can still be recognized in Windows
clean cloth moistened with water or rubbing 10, it is not a maintained feature anymore.
alcohol.
File History - is a Windows 10 feature that allows
G. Mouse - comes in optical and mechanical users to back up their data to an external drive
types. An optical type need not be cleaned or network location of their choice.
internally because there are no moving or
rotating parts that come with it, unlike the Updating Antivirus Regularly
mechanical type that is more prone to Antivirus software is needed in any computer,
accumulation of dust and small particles that especially when it is usually connected to
may affect its movement and cause it to different networks, making it prone to different
become difficult to track and use. In cleaning viruses and other harmful software that might
an optical mouse: enter and destroy the system.
1. Disconnect the mouse form the USB port. Antivirus software usually features automatic
computer virus checks and programmed scans
to make sure that the computer and external
devices connected to it is free from viruses, Types of RAM
spyware, and other malicious software. If the
1. SDRAM - short for Synchronous Dynamic
presence of malware is detected by the
antivirus software, removal of such and other Random-Access Memory, is a slower
solutions are also provided. type of RAM that is now obsolete. It has
168 pins and usually has a clock speed of
Units of Measurement in Terms of Capacity 100 and 166 megahertz.
2. DDR SDRAM-stands for Double Data Rate
Bit-a binary digit which is the smallest and basic Synchronous Dynamic Random how
unit that holds two values, 0 and 1. Access Memory. It has 184 pins and
Byte - a unit of data which is equal to 8 bits and doubles the data transfer rate of an
is used to store information and can hold a SDRAM. DDR transfers data faster
single character. compared to an SDRAM. Successors
such as DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and
Kilobytes (KB) - a unit used to measure small files DDR4 SDRAM provide lower power
such as documents composed of text and small consumption and more speed for data
or thumbnail images. It is composed of at least transfer.
a thousand bytes. 3. 3. RDRAM - is short for Rambus Dynamic
Megabytes (MB) - a unit of measurement for Random-Access Memory. It is a modern
larger files such as documents, pictures, music, type of memory that exceeds the speed
and video files. of DDRs. This memory is widely used for
motherboards and graphic cards which
Gigabytes (GB) - a unit of measurement that can transfer data at a speed of 800
signifies a billion. It is commonly used in capacity megahertz.
measurements of portable storage drives such
as flash drives and memory cards. Processing Devices

Terabytes (TB) - a unit of measurement 1. Central Processing Unit

equivalent to one trillion bytes which usually (CPU) component that processes set of
refers to a hard drive's capacity. instructions that requires arithmetic, logical
Units of Measurement in Terms of Clock Speed control, and input/output operations. It is
considered is the primary the brain of the
Hertz - a unit of frequency where 1 Hertz is equal computer system. It is also called processor
to one cycle per second. In computer or microprocessor. A CPU has three main
technology, Hertz is used to measure the clock components namely the ALU (Arithmetic
speed of a CPU on how fast it is in processing a Logic Unit) which performs arithmetic and
cycle. logical operations, such as calculations
which is called by the CU (Control Unit). The
Kilohertz (KHz) - a unit of frequency that is equal
CU handles the different components of a
to 1,000 Hertz. The Intel 4004, which is deemed
computer by interpreting instructions from
as the first processor and was used for business
the memory and converts them to a series of
calculators, had a frequency of 740 kilohertz.
signals to activate other parts of the
Megahertz (MHz) a unit of frequency that is computer. The cache is a temporary
equal to 1,000,000 Here storage or reserved area which is also the
high-speed memory where data can be
Processors back then ran in this frequency copied and retrieved. Modern CPUs today
Gigahertz (GHz)-a unit of frequency that is have the clock speed of 3.5 Gigahertz and
equal to 1,000,000,000 Her Most modern are constantly upgraded to have a faster
microprocessors exceed more than 3 Gigahertz clock speed.

Conversion and Calculation Video Card - is also called video adapter or

graphic card. It processes the images and
The only language understood by computers is pictures that appear on the monitor of the
the binary number system. Binary number computer.
system, or base two, has only two values, which
are represented by 0 and 1. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) - is a
dedicated, point-to-point interface, which
RAM or Random Access Memory is also referred means it does not share bandwidth or is not
to as the main memory or the primary memory affected by other components connected
and the most common type found in to the motherboard. AGP ports are best for
computers. It needs to have constant power to video cards that are used in displaying and
maintain its content; otherwise, data is cleared rendering 3D output, but the market has
and erased. A RAM is made of semiconductor been phasing out AGP cards, because of its
chips just like other computer components. limited bandwidth and was replaced by PCI
interfaces.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) - InkScape is used in creating logos, maps,
is a standard type of interface found in most diagrams, and images for the web.
modern personal or desktop computers. A
PCI's connection is not dedicated or point- ArtRage a digital tool used for desktop
to-point, meaning it shares data with the computers and mobile devices. It has
CPU and its other components which make become more functional so that
it a bit slower compared with AGP and PCIe. professional illustrators can now utilize the
program more freely. Some of its features
PCIe or PCI-E (Peripheral Component include a custom brush designer, guides,
Interconnect Express) - a high speed and a realistic pencil tool.
expansion interface that phases out the PCI.
It is capable of connecting a computer to Proper Care and Maintenance of Illustration
other devices. Its speed is dedicated and is Tools
not affected by other components that is Caring for Graphics Tablet and Stylus
why it has a higher rate of transmitting data
compared to the PCI interface which is its 1. Avoid spilling liquid onto the graphics
older type. tablet as this may cause it to malfunction.

Digital Illustration Tools and Equipment 2. Do not use alcohol or chemicals in

cleaning the graphics tablet, especially on
Drawing Tablet - also called a pen tablet or its screen.
graphics tablet; it is an input device used to
hand-draw images on the computer by 3. Store the graphics tablet in a dry place
using a specific pen or stylus which makes and avoid using and placing it in extreme
the drawing more precise. It gives the temperatures
illustrator a natural feel in drawing and 4. If available, use a casing for the graphics
creating illustrations digitally. tablet especially when transporting it.
Stylus and Digital Pen - are much like pens 5. Never disassemble the device without the
and pencils when it comes to their use in help of a professional. In most cases, taking
creating illustrations except that they are apart the tablet voids its warranty.
specifically designed for digital use. Styluses
and digital pens offer the advantage of 6. Follow the Instruction Manual given by the
precision and accuracy when it comes to manufacturer for the device. The
digital illustration. There are two types of maintenance of graphics tablet could vary
styluses - the active depending on the type and model that is
why the directions indicated in the manual
stylus and the passive or capacitive stylus. A should be followed.
passive stylus is used on touch screens
without the use of signals between the styles Steps in Cleaning a Graphic Tablet
and the device. Active stylus, however, has
Step 1. Disconnect the USB cable of the
to establish a digital connection with the
drawing tablet from the system unit of the
device for it to be recognized by the device.
computer. If the graphic tablet has its own
Scanner - is used in digital illustration for power cord, make sure to unplug the power
digitizing artworks. There are various types of first.
scanners that can accommodate several
Step 2. Using a moistened or an anti-static
different requirements of illustrators.
cloth, rub it gently on the surface of the
Adobe Illustrator - the leading software in drawing tablet until dirt is gone. Make sure
creating digital illustrations such as vector not to press harshly on the screen of the
graphics, which are used in logos, websites, drawing tablet.
and other large-scale posters. It has a variety
Step 3. Let it thoroughly dry before attaching
of editing tools that enable the user to
its cable back to the computer or plugging
manipulate specific aspects of the artwork
back its power cord.
with ease.
Guidelines on how to properly maintain and
Corel Draw- a vector image editing tool
clean a stylus or digital pen:
which has many features that allow the user
to modify images such as text and graphics. 1. Regularly check the nib of the pen to see
Corel draw is used in creating symbols and if there is a need to replace it. The nib is the
icons and another digital artwork using the part of the stylus that has direct contact with
mouse or tablet and stylus. the screen of a tablet and when worn down,
may scratch the screen of the graphics
InkScape - a professional open- source
tablet.
digital illustration tool which works in
Windows and Linux operating systems.
2. Change the nib of the stylus, if needed. 4. Delete unnecessary files - Unimportant
Most manufacturers include extra nib for and unneeded files stored on the hard drive
their stylus. If needed, use a nib extractor only crowd a hard disk and eat up the disk
that is specifically made for the type of stylus space available. Aside from wasting the
you are using. Some styluses and digital pens limited space available, this may also result
have their own steps on how to remove the to a hard disk's poor performance. Videos,
nib without the use of extractors so make games, and other multimedia files that are
sure to determine the best way to change not important or not needed should be
the nib. deleted to give space to more important
project files.
3. Just like in cleaning a drawing tablet, also
use an anti-static cloth when cleaning a To ensure safety and minimize the possibility of
stylus or digital pen. harm, here are some general tips and safety
measures to be applied in using illustration tools
4. Avoid using liquid directly to the digital and equipment:
pen. Like any other electronic devices,
digital pens can also malfunction when they 1. Replacement of components - Make sure to
come in direct contact with any liquid. use only the appropriate and correct
components for your device when they need to
5. Most stylus and digital pens have their own be replaced. This is to ensure that your device
casing provided by the manufacturer. Make will continue to function well as it did before the
sure to use it to keep the stylus and digital replacements. Furthermore, the use of
pen from dirt and dust. inappropriate and incorrect components,
6. Read and follow the instructions from the especially batteries, can cause major hazards
manual given by the manufacturer for a such as explosion.
detailed and specific maintenance of the 2. Charging devices - For devices that require
tools. charging, follow the instructions indicated in the
Caring for Illustration Software user manual so as to avoid risks of malfunction
or failure. The user manual, as well as most
For the digital illustration software to function chargers, contain the details needed for
smoothly and to optimize its be applied in charging the device like power, current, and
maintaining the software as well as other voltage. Devices have their own specifications
guidelines that help its performance, without and when not followed will cause malfunction
lagging or causing program errors, the to the device and possibly even human injury.
following tips
3. Optical issues - Just like in computers, the use
performance: of drawing tablets can cause optical issues, like
1. Update digital illustration eye strain, to major disorders. To minimize the
risks of optical issues, make sure to adjust the
software - Software companies provide display settings of your tablet and find the
updates and improvements in their configuration that works best for your eyes.
software. As a user, download and install the When using the tablet for long periods of time,
needed updates to improve its make sure to make it a habit to find time to rest
performance and to fix the bugs that are the
currently hindering the program's optimal
performance. 4. Disassembling tools and equipment - Drawing
tablets and digital pens should not be
2. Organize files and folders - To avoid disassembled without supervision of a
spending too much time in searching for professional. Taking apart a drawing tablet or
files, as well as to avoid losing them, always digital pen can cause ignition and bodily harm
organize project files. It is advisable to apply to the user.
this during the process of saving a file so as
to not have difficulty in finding them.
Whenever a file is saved, make sure it goes
to a particular folder for easy retrieval.
3. Defragment regularly
Defragmentation is the process of picking
up scattered files, arranging them, and then
putting them back for faster loading. The
reason why some files in a computer load
slowly is because their fragments are not
organized.