PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA
College of Human Development
Intramuros, Manila
CREATIVITY
Sharene Y. Neri
BS PSY III-2
2005-10577
Ms. Sarmiento
Experimental Psychology (lab)
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ABSTRACT
Creativity is typically used to refer to the act of producing new ideas, approaches or
actions, while innovation is the process of both generating and applying such creative
ideas in some specific context. The study of the mental representations and processes
underlying creative thought belongs to the domains of psychology and cognitive science.
A psychodynamic approach to understanding creativity was proposed by Sigmund Freud,
who suggested that creativity arises as a result of frustrated desires for fame, fortune, and
love, with the energy that was previously tied up in frustration and emotional tension in
the neurosis being sublimated into creative activity. Freud later retracted this view
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INTRODUCTION
• History of the term and the concept
The way in which different societies have formulated the concept of creativity has
changed throughout history, as has the term "creativity" itself.
The ancient Greeks, who believed that the muses were the source of all inspiration,
actually had no terms corresponding to "to create" or "creator." The expression "poiein"
("to make") sufficed. The sole exception was poetry: the poet was seen as making new
things — bringing to life a new world — while the artist merely imitated.
In Rome, this Greek view was modified, and Horace wrote that not only poets but
painters were entitled to the privilege of daring whatever they wished. Unlike Greek,
Latin had a term for "creating" ("creatio") and for "creator", and had two expressions for
"to make" — "facere" and "creare".[7]
Although neither the Greeks nor the Romans had any words that directly corresponded to
the word creativity, their art, architecture, music, inventions, and discoveries provide
numerous examples of what we would today describe as creative works. At the time, the
concept of genius probably came closest to describing the creative talents bringing forth
these works.[8]
A fundamental change came in the Christian period: "creatio" came to designate God's
act of "creation from nothing". "Creatio" thus took on a different meaning than "facere"
("to make"), and ceased to apply to human functions. The ancient view that art is not a
domain of creativity persisted in this period.[7]
Another shift occurred in more modern times. Renaissance men had a sense of their own
independence, freedom and creativity, and sought to give voice to this sense of
independence and creativity. Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658) wrote: "Art is the completion
of nature, as it were a second Creator...".
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By the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment, the concept of creativity was
appearing more often in art theory, and was linked with the concept of imagination.[7]
The Western view of creativity can be contrasted with the Eastern view. For the Hindus,
Confucius, Taoists and Buddhists, creation was at most a kind of discovery or mimicry,
and the idea of creation from "nothing" had no place in these philosophies and
religions.[8]
In the 19th century, not only was art regarded as creativity, but it alone was so regarded.
When later, at the turn of the 20th century, there began to be discussion of creativity in
the sciences (e.g., Jan Łukasiewicz, 1878–1956) and in nature (e.g., Henri Bergson), this
was generally taken as the transference to the sciences of concepts proper to art.[7]
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, leading mathematicians and scientists
such as Hermann von Helmholtz (1896) and Henri Poincaré (1908) had begun to reflect
on and publicly discuss their creative processes, and these insights were built on in early
accounts of the creative process by pioneering theorists such as Graham Wallas (1926)
and Max Wertheimer (1945).
• Definitions of creativity
"The problem of creativity is beset with mysticism, confused definitions, value judgments,
psychoanalytic admonitions, and the crushing weight of philosophical speculation dating
from ancient times." Albert Rothenberg
More than 60 different definitions of creativity can be found in the psychological
literature,[1] and it is beyond the scope of this article to list them all.
The etymological root of the word in English and most other European languages comes
from the Latin creatus, literally "to have grown."
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Perhaps the most widespread conception of creativity in the scholarly literature is that
creativity is manifested in the production of a creative work (for example, a new work of
art or a scientific hypothesis) that is both novel and useful.
Each of these factors is usually present in creative activity. This has been elaborated by
Johnson,[3] who suggested that creative activity may exhibit several dimensions including
sensitivity to problems on the part of the creative agent, originality, ingenuity,
unusualness, usefulness, and appropriateness in relation to the creative product, and
intellectual leadership on the part of the creative agent.
Boden[4] noted that it is important to distinguish between ideas which are psychologically
creative (which are novel to the individual mind which had the idea), and those which are
historically creative (which are novel with respect to the whole of human history).
Drawing on ideas from artificial intelligence, she defines psychologically creative ideas
as those which cannot be produced by the same set of generative rules as other, familiar
ideas.
Often implied in the notion of creativity is a concomitant presence of inspiration,
cognitive leaps, or intuitive insight as a part of creative thought and action.[5]
Pop psychology sometimes associates creativity with right or forehead brain activity or
even specifically with lateral thinking.
Some students of creativity have emphasized an element of chance in the creative
process. Linus Pauling, asked at a public lecture how one creates scientific theories,
replied that one must endeavor to come up with many ideas — then discard the useless
ones. Another adequate definition of creativity is that it is an "Assumptions breaking
process".. Many creative ideas are generated when somebody discards preconceived
assumptions and decides on a new approach or method that might seem to others
unthinkable.
METHOD
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Procedure: Part I
E presents the anagrams and ask S to form as many words as possible
from this. Give 4 minutes time limit.
Part II
E presents the anagrams as words. The task of S is to form as many other
words as possible within four minutes.
RESULTS
Part I: Anagrams: ilduea esivil terhaf ramket ordewp
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Ilduea Esivil Hat Fret
20
Lead Lie Hater Ordewp
Lid Lies Hate Ramket Pew
Lad Veil Fate Market Dew
Led Vile Ear Mark Per
Idea Evil Fart Make Powder
Duel Live Fear Take Owe
Lie Lives Hear Mate Woe
Lied Veils Are Tame Drew
Die Isle Far Mat Wed
Deal Evils Era Rake Rode
10
Due Her Ream Ode
Aid Terhaf Frat Team Pod
Aide Tear Heat Meat Word
12
Laid Father Feat Rat
14
Fat Heart Ram
Part II:
Idea
6
Id Lives Isle Maker Ream
Ad Vile Veil Make Ear
Aide Lie Veils Rake Era
Aid Lies Live Ram Arm
Die Evil Lives Mark Ark
5 10 10
Evils Mare
Power Pore Hear Eat Tar
Owe Woe Ear Heat Fate
Row Rope The Heart Ate
9 19
Wore Fear Hat
Per Father Raft Hate
Pew Far Fart Hater
Ore Her Rat Rate
DISCUSSION
Based on the gathered results for this experiment, it could be interpreted that there is a
difficulty or a lesser number of words formed and created in the anagram in Part II.
It could also be discussed that there many words formed and created as a plural form.
This was the basic technique used by the subject to add words.
CONCLUSION
In this experiment, the experimenter and at the same time subject believes that there is an
inconsistency between the rate of the creativity and the anagrams or the mere words used
in this experiment. The subject independently and randomly forms words within the
given time.
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REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity
http://www.yahoo.com/
http://www.google.com.ph/
