LEGAL TERMS

The following are the most commonly used legal terms in statutes, legal
documentsand draftings:
/s' bendYn/ to relinquish rights voluntarily.
abandon
/s'bændnmYnt/ relinquishing of a claim or right.
abandoment
/3'beit/ to put an end to legalproceedings.
doing away with;putting an end to.
abate
abatement /s'beitmYnt/
abduct /æb'dakt/ to takea person away by using force.
abduction /æb'dakfn/ taking a person away unlawtully, by force
abet /Y'bet/ toencourage or assist a person to commit a
crime.
abetment /3'betmont/ encouraging or inducin8 a person to do
something illegal.
abetter (or) abettor /s'betY(r)/ one who induces another to commit acrime
/s'berons/ condition of not being in force, suspension.
abeyance to await the result of, to obey a rule.
yabide 1s'baid/
abjure /ab'dguo(r)/ to renounce allegiance.
abnegation /,cbnr'gc1fn/ renunciation, self-denial.
abode /5'boud/ aplace of residence.
abolish /o'bol1f/ to put an end to; to demolish or destroy.
abortion /o'bo:fn/ the premature expulsion of the foetus of a
pregnant woman.
abridgment /o'bridzmYnt/ a book containing brief summaries.
abrogate /'zbrogeit/ to repeal a statute or ordinance by official,
authoritative or found action.
,abscond /Yb'skond/ to leave one's residence in order to escape
legal proceedings or criminal prosecution.
absentee /,zbsYn'ti:/ a person who is not present in a jurisdiction
where he may be expected to be found.
absolute /'æbsalu:t/ having complete power free from condition,
qualification.
absolution /,æbso'lu:fn/ forgiveness of a sin; release frompunishment
Absolve /Yb'zolv/ toacquit of acrime;to officially free from gut
abstract /'cbstrækt/
vabuse a summary, an abridgment.
/o'bju:s/ to ravish or violate, angry or violent attackin
Words.
accept /ok'sept/
accesS to agree by overt act to the terms of an ofter.
/'ekses/ way to a place, righttopportunity of reaching
accessory /sk'sesYri,/ a person who encourages or incites another
to
 LEGALTERMS
369

(or) /ok'sesYri/
accessary
I'æksidYnt/
commit afelony.
accident an unforeseen event,
generally one that causes
accommodation /a,koma'de,fn/
injury.
provision of what is needful or desirable for
convenience, such as accommodation by way
of loan or other pecuniary assistance in
/a'kAmpl1s/ emergency.
an
Vaccomplice associate in crime or guilt.
accomplish /'kampl1f/ to complete, to achieve something.
accretion /a'kri:fn/ addition to land by the operation of natural
causes.
accrual /a'kru:Yl,/ the vesting of a right in a person by lapse of
time or the ending of aprevious right.
accrue
/o'kru:/ to become due; to come as an accession or
advantage.
Saccusation /,*kju'ze,fn/ an allegation against a person that he has
committed an offence.
accuse /'kju:z/ to charge with the commission of an offence
or crime or with misconduct.

accused /jkjuzd/ a person against whom an allegation has been

or
made that he has committed an offence,
who is charged with an offence.
/a'kastYmn/ to make familiar by custom, habit or use.
áccustom
/ok'nolidg/ toadmit as true.
Sacknowledge
Acknowledgment /Yk'nolidgmYnt/ receipt of a thing; the certification by a
that aperson has appeared
competent officer under oath that his
before him and declared
signature thereto was genuine.
to infornm, to make aware.property after
/Y'kwemt/
Lacquaint /æ'kwest/ the additions made to the
acquest (or) marriage. inheritanceor under
other way than by
/æ'kwet/ in any
acquet a will. passively
accept or assent to something
/.ækwi'esns/ to
acquiescence often unwillingly.
one's own.
/o'kwarY/ to gain as deliver fromn the charge of an
acquire to set free or
offenceaftertrial.
/Y'kwit/
acquit jury declaring a person
a
the verdict of tobenotguilty.
acquittal
/s'kwitl/ indictedand tried
acknowledgmentof paymentof
anywritten
/a'kwt(Y)ns/ is
ACquittance moneydue. parliament; that which
made by a
a law proceeding in
act /ækt/ performed. works; a
something will result in a
way
the which if completed
action /'ekfn/ court
judgment.
 ENGLISH-I
370
/'ækfYnabl/ justifying the maintenance of an action at law:
Vactionable giving rise to a cause of action.
actual /'æktfuYl/ that which can be specifically shown to have
existed or to exist.
of lif
actuary /'æktfuYri/ a person engaged in the business
insurance who calculated the values of the
various risks insured.
/a'dæpt/ make something suitable for a new need, etc
adapt
addendum /s'dendYm/ a thing that isadded or is to be added.
addict (n) /'ædikt/ a person who is given up to a bad or harmful
habit.
(v) /Y'drkt/ habitually indulge of drugs or narcotics.
adeem /o'd:m/ to revoke a specific legacy.
ademption /a'dem(p)[((Y)n/ the revocation of a specific legacy by
disposing of it or reducing or changing it
before death.
Vadit /'ædt/ an approach.
adjacent /'dzesnt/ lying near to but not necessarily touching
other land.
Sadjourn /s'dg3:n/ to postpone the session of a court or similar
tribunal or a legislative body to some other
day.
Vadjournment /s'dz3:nmYnt/ breaking of proceedings or a meeting, etc. for
a time.
adjudge /s'dzadz/ to render a judicial decision, to decide by law.
adjudication /a'dzu:d1kerfYn/ ajudgment determining various rights in the
subject-matter of a proceeding in equity.
adjudicate /a'dzu:diket/ decide judicially; giving a judgment or
decision upon something.
Vadjunction /'ædzank•Yn/ the act of joining or attaching.
adjuration /edzua'rerfYn/ the act of placingunder an oath or swearing.
Vadjure /a'dzua(r)/ require somebody on oath to answer
truthfully.
Ádjuster /s'dzastY/ one who ascertains the extent of claim.
adminicular I,ædmi'n1kjoY/ in the law of evidence, supplying help or
corroboration of other evidence already
furnished.
Vadminister /ad'mn1stY(r)/ to control things or manage the affairs of.
admiralty /'*dmYrYlti/ the maritime branch of the administration of
admonish
justice.
admonition
/ad'monf/ toexpress disapproval of action.
/,ædms'nfn/ censure which, if not obeyed, may be followed
adolescent by severer penalty.
I cdY'lesnt/
a young person between childhood and
adulthood generally(males between 14 and
25 years of age; females between 12 and 21
adopt years of age)
/'dopt/ legally taking another person's child into his
 LEGAL TERMS

doption /a' dopfn/ family as his OWn. 371

the act by which a minor

legal process declared to
child is by proper
adult be
other person than his father the child of
/'*dalt/ aperson of or mother. some
adulterate
/s'daltYrert/ twenty onemature years attaining majority at
yearsor of age.
to make water
food or medicine of
adulteration /a daltY're,fn/ quality by worse,
adding something
the action of addition of foreignelse.
adultery /s'daltYri,/ make injure. substance to
voluntary sexual intercourse between a
married man or woman and someone who is
not their wife or
wá¥versary /'ædvasYri/ an opponent, an
husband.
dverse /'ædv3:s / enemy.
adversity /ad'v3:sYti/ contrary, hostile, hurtful.
a difficult situation.
advocate 'ædvYkett/ a lawyer whopleads on behalf of
else. someone
váegis /'izdz1s/ protection.
affiance /'farYns/ to enter into an engagement of marriage to
betroth.
affiant /3' farYnt/ aperson who makes an affidavit.
affidavit /,æfs' dervIt/ a written statement which someone makes
after they have sworn officially to tell the truth,
and which might be used as proof.
atfliation /Y, fili'exfn,/ the procedure by which the paternity of an
illegitimate child is determined.
/s'finati/ relationship of a husband to the blood
affinity relatives of his wife or of a wife to the blood
relatives of her husband.
affirm /3'f3:m/ to make a solemn statement which, by statute,
is made equivalent to an oath.
affirmation /,æfs'me,fn/ a solemn statement which omits any religious
reference and is by statute made equivalent to
an oath.
/3'fræntfa,z/ to release or make free.
affranchise
/Y'frer/ breach of the peace by fighting or rioting in
affray public.
a ship owner and
the contract between
/Y'fre, tmYnt/
affreightment tocarryfreight.
shippermnentioned before.
said or accidentand the
1Y'fT:sed/ follows an
aforesaid
/'a:ftYmæ0/ the period which causes.
aftermath effects which it
relationship of principaland agent.
/'eidgYnsi/ the be discussed ata meeting.
agency listofmatters to authorized to create rights
agenda /'dzendY,/ aperson
who is personcalledthe
for another
agent /'erdgYnt/ and obligations
 LEGALTERMS
373
gmbiguity
/,æmbi'gjuzsti/ expression, capable of more than one possible
sambiguous /æm'bigjuYs / meaning.
pmbivalent open to more than one interpretation.
/æm'brvYlYnt/ having two opposing feelings at the same time.
ambulatory /'æmbjYlYtYri/ capable of being revoked at any time.
wamend /Y'mend/ to alter by some addition, omission or
substitution.
ámendment o'mendmYnt/ any change made in a pleading or in any
Paper filed for purposes of procedure as in
acts by Parliament.
amends /a'mendz/ reparation, satisfaction.
amenable /3'mi:nsbl/ able to be tested or dealt with.
amentia /o'men•,a/ absence of mind, idiocy or insanity.
amnesty /'æmnYsti/ decision by aGovernment, not to use the
usual punishment for crime.
amortize /o'mT:ta1z/ to provide for the gradualpaying off a bond
or other obligation.
analogous /o'nalYgas/ similar, parallel.
/a'næladzi/ similarity in particular features.
analogy
analysis /s'nælass,/ to examine in detailto discover more about it.
ancestor I'ensesta(r)/ one from whom a person is descended.
animosity /,æni'mpsYti/ anger.
animus /'ænmas / intention; hostility.
force
annex
/a'ncks/ to take possession of an area of land by
without permission.
amount of money
annuitant /a'nju tYnt/ aperson who receives fixed
paid yearly during his lifetime. someone
/a'nju:ati/ afixed amount of money paid to
annuity every year usually until his
death.
or
anomaly /s'nomYli/ a different person or thing not acceptable
not satisfactory.
nameless.
/3'nonimas/ unknown name not made public or
prior
anonymous
/, enti'dent/ to affixa date to an instrument which is
execution.
antedate to the date of the actual
before it can be
/en, tsi'pen/ the performance of an act
anticipation legallydemanded.
document.
/'ænt, graf, / acopyofa instrument.
antigraphy T'æpagra:f/ acopyofa written offault.
apograph
/a'polYdsi/ regretful acknowledgmentdefeated partyin a
apology the
proceedingby whichhigher
/a'pi:l/ court to have the
appeal lawsuitapplies to a
because of errors
judgment reversed court.
committedin the inferior
pertainingtoappeal.
7a'pelat ko:t/
one who makes an appeal.
appellate
7a'pelYnt/ inheritance which is attached to
appellant aright of inheritance.
/a'pendYnt/ anotherrightof proportionately.
appendant distribute
todivideand
apportion /a'po;fn/
 LEGALTERMS

375
articles I'a:tiklz/ another,
a
writtenexcept under lawful
ascendarnts several kindsagreement
authority.
between persons in
asportation /a'sendYntz/ ancestors;
of
those transactions.
/,æspo:te,fYn/ the related in an
ascending line.
placeremoval
of
assault /a'so:lt/ to another. personal property from one
a violent
assent /a'sent/
the physical attack on someone.
assess /o'ses/ indication agreement.
to estimate
of
the purposeofficially
the value of property for
6Sessment /a'sesmYnt/ of taxation.
the action of assessing the
or value of property
income for the purposes of taxation.
Assets /'æsets/
valuable propertywhich can be used for the
payment of debts or legalities or available for
the inheritance.
assign /o'sam/ to give responsibility to
asylum /o'sailYm / someone.
a sanctuary or place of refuge for fugitives
from law.
atone /3'taun/ to say sorry for something bad done.
attach /otætf/ to seize (property) by authority of a writ of
attachment; to take property into the custody
of law.
attache /a'tæfen/ aperson who is attached to aforeign legation
or embassy.
attachment /'tetfmYnt/ officially taking the property for failure to pay
the amount they own.
attempt /a'tempt/ intent combined with a direct overt act, to
commit a crime which fails of success.
Wáttest /Y'test/ to sign one's name as a witness to a formal
document.
Wauctio /'o:k•n/ usually apublic sale of goods or property.
auctioneer / :k•Y'n1Y(r)/ aperson whoconducts an auction sale.
audit /'T:drt/ to examine and verify account books and
expenditures.
/o:'Oent1ik,/ referring to that which has been duly and
authentic legallyexecuted or certified, genuine. that
attests
authentication /3,Oentr'ke,fn/ the act by which a proper official
document.
adocument is itself an official
to an agent by into his
/o:'OorYti/ the power granted and enter
authority principal to make contracts
behalf.
transactions on the principal's
examination of a dead
the cutting open and
/'T:topsi/ the cause of death;
autopsy body in order to discover
post-mortem.
profitsofa sale.
/a'veilz/ the proceedsor the person responsible for
avails todo harm todonetohim.
/Y'vendz/ somethingbad something.
avenge strongly statethetruth of
to
aver /a'v3:(r)/
 376

award /a'wT:d/ the decision of an arbitrator. ENGLISH

bail /berl/ the guarantee that a person arrested on
criminal charge will appear for trial o
examination when duly required, if he is
temporarily released.
bailable /be1lYbl/ in which bail is to be granted as a
matter of
right.
bailiff /'be1l1f/ an officer entrusted with theduty of executing
warrants.
bailment /berlmYnt/ atransfer of possession of personal
property
in which the transferor,or bailor, retains the
right to recover possession, when the purpose
of the bailment is fulfilled, from the bailee.
bailor /beilY(r)/ the transferor of property in a bailment.
/ban /bæn/ order with authority that something must not
bedone.
Vbanish /'bæn/ send away out of the country as a
punishment.
banishment /'bænfmYnt/ a penalty that consists in requiring a citizen
or asubject to leave the country.
bankrupt /'bænkrapt/ insolvent person.
bankrupts /'bænkraptz0/ inability to pay what one owes as he has no
bar money.
/ba:(r)/ barristers and advocates collectively.
barrister /'bær1stY(r)/ lawyer.
bastard /'ba:stad/ a person not begotten in lawful wedlock; an
illegitimate child.
battery /'bætri/ hit violently and repeatedly over a period of
long time.
bench /bentf/ the court considered in its official capacity,
while the judges are sitting.
beneficiary /,ben1' fifYri/ a person who receives money as a result of
something else.
bequeath /bi'kwi:ð/ arrange to give property by will;transfer to
posterity.
bequest /br'kwest/ agift by willof personal property; legacy.
bestiality /,besti'ælYti/ sexual intercourse with an animal.
Wbetroth /br'trauð/ to enter into an agreement of marriage.
betting /'betin/ a form of wagering applied to the result of
races or games.
wbias /'baras/ unreasonable preference for.a person based
bigamy on personal opinion.
/'bigYmi/ crime of marrying a person while already
bilateral legally married to someone else.
/,barlætYrYl/ a term applied to a transaction towhich there
are at least two parties with reciprocal rights
and obligations.
blackleg /'blækleg/ a man who makes his living by betting and
 378

goods. ENGLISH4
/ cartel /ka:'tel (or) an agreement among several independent
/ka:r'tel/ industrialists.
casualty /'kæzuYlti/ an unavoidable accident.
causa /'kaszY/ the basis of a contractual obligation.
causator /ko:ze,tY(r)/ one who causes disturbance.
caveat /'kæviæt/ a legal notice given by an interested party to
some officers or court not to do a certain act
caveator
until the party is heard in opposition.
/'kæviætY(r)/ one whofiles a caveat.
celebacy
claim
/s'lebras, / absention from marriage.
/klem/ the assertion of a right to have money
claimant /'klemYnt/ a person whoasks for something which paid.
he
clause
believes that he has aright to.
/klo:z/ a group of words containing subject and verb
usually forming part of a compound or
complex sentence.
clemency
elient
/'klemYnsi/ kindness when giving apunishment.
/'klaiYnt/ aperson whoengages an attorney represent
him or to give legal advice.
to
wode /kYud/ a compilation of legal
principles,
consolidated into a single enactment and
generally having relation to the same subject
matter.
codicil /'koud1s1l/ an amendment or of addition to a will.
Coerce
/kYu'3:s/ to persuade forcefully to do something
they are unwilling to do. which
coercion
cognate
/kau'3:fn/ compulsion or constraint.
Cognate
/'kognet/ descended from common ancestors.
cognition
/'kognert/ blood relation on the mother's side.
/kog'n1fn/ relationship between descendants from the
same father and mother.
cognizable /'kogn1zabl/
cognizance capable of being taken cognizance.
cognovit
/'kogn1zYns/ being aware; take notice of.
7kognsVIt/
defendant's acknowledgment
cause is just. that plaintiffs
cohabit
/kau'hæbrt/ to live together as man and wife
and havea
coheir sexual relationship.
coiner
/koveY(r)/ one who inherits jointly with another.
collateral /komY(r)/ one who counterfeits
collision /kY'lætYrYl/ side by side, parallel. money
/ka'l1gn/ the act of striking together as in the
trains, ships, etc. case of
collusion
/ka'lu:zn/ a secret
understanding that an act or legal
proceeding professedly engaged in against
particular person or for a particular purposea
should have in reality a wholly
Purpose different
 380

constitution /,konsti'tju:fn/ thefundamental law of a State or

nationENGLISH
constitutionality /,konst1, tju:fo'nælYti/ conformity
with the express or
provisions or with the implied
general principles
theconstitution ofa State.
construction /kYn'strakfn/ interpretation.
Construe /kYn'stru:/ to determine the range of application of a
provision in a statute or a constitution.
Consummation /,konso'mefn/ completion
sexual
of an undertaking; the act of
intercourse between the husband and
wifeafter marriage.
Contemner /'kontYmnY(r)/ a person who commits a contempt of
contempt /kYn'tempt/ a wilful disregard or court.
authority or court. disobedience of public
contention /kYn'tenfn / dispute; controversy point contended for
argument.
Kontract /'kontrckt/ a voluntary agreement between two
legally
competent persons in which one promises for
consideration to do or refrain from doing a
lawfulact.
contradict /,kontro'd1kt/ tostate the opposite of what someone else has
said that oneof them must be wrong.
contravention / kontra'venfn/ the violation of a law or obligation.
Contravene / kontra'vin/ infringe.
contrivance /kYn'trarvYns/ act of contriving; deceitful practice.
convention
/kon'ven•n/ a fact or agreement.
conveyarnce /kon'verYns/ alegal document which officially gives
someone else the rights to land or property.
conviction /kYn'vik•n/ a decision made officially in a court of law
that someone is guilty of a crime.
coobligator /kouobltgotY(r)/ one who is bound with one or more other
persons to carry out the termsof a contract or
negotiable instrument.
coparcenery /'kau'pp:s(1)neri/ an estate created by the fact that property has
descended to several persons who are equally
entitled to it, although not always to the same
shares.
correspondent 7kora'spDndYnt/ a person charged with whom a married
person is said to have committed adultery.
corroborate /kY'robarert/ to add proof to a statement with new
information.
influence
ycorrupt /ko'rapt/ to influernce by improper means as to his
violate
a judge or other public official to
oath of office.
parties in
/kosts/ the expenses incurred by the
prosecuting or defending a law suit.
Costs
another on
/keo'fuarYti/ one who is surety together with
cosurety the same obligation.
accused
counsel /'kaunsl/ alawyer who gives legal advice to the
 382
Compensated.
ENGLISH
debenture /dt'bent/Y(r)/ a document or certificate signed by the officer
of a company or corporation acknowledging
indebtedness for mnoney lent and
guaranteeing repayment with interest.
debtee /det1/ a person to whom a debt is owing.
debtor /'detY(r)/ one who owes money or an obligation or duty;
a person who is under a legally enforceabje
obligation to pay money.
decamp /di'kæmp/ to leave suddenly and unexpectedly without
telling anyone.
decease /di'si:s/ death, die.
Vdeceased /d1'sizst/ a person who is dead.
decedent /dr'si:dYnt/ a deceased person who has left property.
decree /dtkri:/ judgment or decision of a court.
deed /dizd/ a legal document which is an official record
of an agreement of ownership of a land or a
defalcation /, di:fæl'keifon/
building.
the misappropriation of moneys entrusted to
one.
defamation /,defY'me,fn/ denoting wilful injury to the reputation and
standingof another person.
defame /d1' fem/ to damage a person's reputation by saying or
writing bad things against him which are not
true.
default /d1'fo:lt/ the failure of aparty to enter apleading at the
time required.
defeasance /d1'fi:zYns/ the termination of an interest in accordence
with acondition established when the interest
was created.
defence /d1'fens/ an affirmative setting of facts in answer to a
complaint or counter claim; a denial.
defendant /d1'fendYnt/ a person in a law case who is accused of
having done something ilegal.
deforce /d1' fozs/ wrongfully to eject a person from the
possession of landsor tenements; to keep the
person rightfully entitled out of possession of
lands and tenements.
defunct /dt' fankt/ no longer working or existing.
degradation /,degro'defn/ the removal of soil by movement of flowing
water.
delicit /'del1srt/ acrime of civil nature committed against law.
delictum /'delictom/ a civil or criminal wrong; a tort or crime.
delinquency /dtl1gkwYnsi/ failure of duty.
delinquent /d1'l1nkwYnt/ defaulting, guilty.
delirious /di'lris/ unable to clearly talk due to mental confusion
or delirium.
delivery /dr'I1vYri/ the transfer of possession of personal and
 LEGALTERMS

383
movable
or property or of adeed to some person
his agent.
demand
/di'ma:nd/ a request of
performance
claims to be entitled to the by a person who
demesne /dY' mem/ obligation. performance of an
/dr' maz,/ possession of land
the transfer of an under claim of title.
demise

demur /di'ma:(r)/ especially the royalhereditary

raise an objection.
title. right or dignity,
demurrer /di'm3:rY/ person who raises an objection.
teponent /di' pounYnt/ one who makes an affidavit;
person making
depose /di pauz/ deposition under
a formal written oath or giving testimony.
statement for use in acourt
of law; to make oath to state in
deposition 1, depa'z1fn/ an affidavit made by a party toevidence.
a suit or by a
witness outside of the trial of the action.
descent /d1'sent/ the vesting of property in an heir immediately
upon the death of his ancestor.
detain /di' ten/ to keep in confinement or under restraint.
detainer /di'tenY/ a person who is kept in confinement.
detention /di'tenfn/ orders to bedetained in aplace for sometime
by force for unlawful activities.
devise /di'va1z/ to leave real property by will.
devisee /devr'zi:/ one to whom real property is left by will.
devisor /dr'vazY/ one who disposes of real property by will.
discharge /d1s'tfa:dg/ to free an accused person from arrest.
dismiss /d1s'mis/ to order the cessation of proceedings; to send
away or remove from office, employment or
position.
dissent /dr'sent/ disagree, strong difference of opinion on a
particular subject.
distrain /d1s'trem/ to seize goods and chattels as security for the
payment of rent or for any other obligation for
which such action is made lawful.
vested.
/ dai'vest/ to take away an estate already
diyest /d1'vozs/
dissolving amarriage.
used as
divorce written instrument which may be
tocument /'dokjumYnt/ evidence in a court.
title or ownership.
Vaominion /dY'm1niYn/
/dYu'ne,fn/ giveawayas gift.
Aonation the maker ofgift.
/'dYonY(r)/ awoman upon her
donor
/'dauri/ the property which husband as a gift by
dowry marriage brings to her
the bride's family. or of
preliminary form of a document
vlrat the thesubstance.
/dra:ft/ speech whichgives
right. moreorless
beingrendered
droit /drort/ theconditionof
/'draFkYnnes/
drunkenness
LEG.

to take into 385

evidentiary issue.tainingconsi
ascer the dtruth
eratioofntheforfactmakiasnga clear orin
exculpate J'I'cevikskaldYntpertor1// capabl e of being used as evidence.
point
execution
exercise kst'kju:fn/ totheclearprocessfrombythewhichcharge
I,'ecksasaz,l of afault or
crime.
exhibit /1g' z1bit/ to
any
ju
carry out, as adgment
power, to s are enforced.
document which, in execute.
the course of a
judicial
Court toproceedi
form partngs,of theproduced and put in
is
exonerate
/1g'zonYret/ itonformat io n to arrive at arecord and to give
show that someone is leftdecision.
guilt; to release a person oroff from crime or
extortion
/ik'sto:fa/ liability, to
to obtain byclear ofan accusation.
property from
extradition
I,ckstra'djn/ forceful method.
the surrender by one
nation to another of a
person accused of having
in the latter. committed a crime
extrajudicial /,ekstradgu d1fl/ alegal act which is done outside of a
regular
judicial proceedings in court; a statement
made by ajudge, not in course of his
as ajudge. function
eyewitness /'arwitnas/ a witness who testifies about what he has
seen with his own eyes.
fabricate /'fæbrikert/ to create false evidence in order to
deceive the
Court trying the facts.
fact / fækt/ something which has been done or which has
faint
happened; real; truth.
/fernt/ plea which is either wholly false, or not
advanced in good faith.
heasible
fictitious
/'fi:zYbl/ capable of being done.
/fik'ufYs/ imaginary; counterfeit; false; not genuire, not
true; not existing.
idelity /fil delYti/ honest, loyalty, the quality of being faithful.
fiduciary /fi'dju:fYri/ reliable nature.
to determine who is the father of an
filiate /il'ert/
illegitimate child.
fixture /'fikstfa(r)/ something usually and permanently attached
or appended.
foeticide /'fiztisad/ the killing of an unborn child.
human
fully developed embryo in womb; birth
foetus /'fi:tYs/ in
being with developed organs before
womb.
to suspend the enforcement of alegal right.
forbear /for'bea(r) /
used in courts of law to
discover information
forensic /fo'rens1k/
aboutacrime by scientifically
examining the
involved in the crime.
objects, etc. that are
wrong.
forfeit /'fo:fit/ to lose if something goes
 386

forge
forgery
/fY:dz/
/'fo:dgYri /
to make an illegal and
in order to deceive.
the intentional making or
fabricating ENGLI SH
something
altering of Some
writing for the purpose of fraud
forisfamiliate /.fo:r1sfo'miliert/ free a minor son from
and deceit
parental control by
giving him aportion in advance.
fornication 7,fo:nt'kerfn/ sexual intercourse betWween twO
persons; illicit sexual contact. unmarried
forswear /fo:'sweY(r)/ renounce under oath.
fortuitous / fo:'tju:itYs/ accidental; coming about by chance.
fouling /faol1n/ make dirty.
foundling /'faondl1y/ a child who has been
abandoned or whose
parents are unknown.
fratricide /'frætr1sard/ the killing of one's brother.
raud /fro:d/ deceiving; cheating; misrepresenting the fact
in order to have undue
gambling (or) /'gæmbl1n/ playing a stake at certainadvantage.
games.
gaming I'gem1n/ in which the result is
measure by chance.
determined in large
gaol /dze1l/ prison; jail.
garnish I'ga:n/ the person owing money to a debtor.
garnishment /'ga:n1fmYnt/ attachment or execution levied on a chose-in
action belonging to the defendant or
gazette judgment-debtor.
/gY'zet/ an official publication.
german /'dg3:mYn/
gestation
having the same father and mother.
/dge'ste,fn/ the period of pregnancy, the period between
gift the conception of a child and its birth.
/g1ft/ a transfer of property or goods by one
to another without valuable person
consideration
with the intentionof benefiting the transferee.
graft /gra:ft/ the corrupt practice of improperly acquiring
money or money's value by persons holding
publicoffice.
gratis I'grætis/ without payment; free.
gratuitous /grY'tju:tas/ without consideration or charge.
gratuity /gra'tju:Yti/ alump sum payment to aretiring employee.
(the) gravamen /grervmen/ the substance of acomplaint or accusation.
(singular)
guardian /'gazdiYn/ an adult person entrusted with the care of the
person or property of a minor.
guilty /'g1lti/ aperson actually committed of legal or moral
offence.
hallucination /hY,lu:sr'nerfn/ a mistaken belief as to the existence of external
objects.
hamper
harbour /'hæmpY(r)/ to prevent being done easily.
/'ha:bY(r)/ to protect by hiding somewhere; a place to
shelter for ships.
LEGALTERMS

hazardous
'hæzadas /
hearing /'hiarn/ avery
the risky task.
387

examiandnofatitheon witnesses
crime, of a person accused of a
for and against
hearsay /'hiosen/ him.
hegemony
information heard about whether it is true or
/ht dgemani (or)/ not.
heir
/hi geman1/
/eo(r)/ headship.
the person who, on
to the realty of the intestacy, would succeed
hereditary
heroin
/ha'red1tri/
/'heraun/ pertaining to thingsdeceased
which person.
are
anarcotic drug
obtained inheritable.
hire /'haro(r)/ to receive, for payment, from morphine.
use for a limited time. personal property for
hold /hasld/ to be seized of an
holding /hauld1n/ estate in land.
an estate held by a tenant; a form.
homicide /'homisaid/ any killing of a human being accidental or
honorarium / ons'reYriYm/ intentional, legally justified or not.
Compensation for professional services.
hostage /'hostidg/ aperson held as security for the performance
of an act; the payment of ransom.
house-breaking /'haus brerk1n/ the crime of forcible entry into a dwelling
place with the intention to commit afelony.
household /'haus hauld/ the family unit, living together as such.
husband /'hAzbYnd/ a man who is married.
husbandman /'hAzbYndmYn/ a farmer.
husbandry /'hAzbYndri/ the occupation of a farmer.
hypothecate /harpa®1ket/ transaction of mortgaging.
ibidem (ibid) /t'baidYm/ in the same place.
identification /a, dent1f kefn/ aparade conducted in order to test ifa witness
is able to identify the accused.
/ar'dent1far/ is the person
to prove that a specificpersonindictment
Kdentiífy referred to in a document or or
information; or that a specific present article
is the article described, especially in the
stolen
property. powers.
/'diYsi/ an extreme deficiency of mental birth in mental
idiocy deficient from
/'dist/ a person who is
idiot
power. legal
forbidden by law or contrary to
Alegal /tli:gl/ requirements;unlawful.
a bastard.
/,lY'dz1tYmYsi/ the status ofbeing wedlock.
lawful
lsgitimacy
legitimate /,dY'dz1tYmYt/ notbornin a moralsorpublicorder.
to
illegal;contraryappearance of validity,or of
Wicit /tlust/ having a false
legalact.
/tlu:sYri/ conformingtoa valid deficiencydoesnot
'illusory whosemental
a person idiocy,butrendersthem
incapable
imbecile /'mbasi:l/ amountto
 392

/'dzant/Y(r)/
plaintiff or defendant.
property settled On a Woman
ENGLISH
jointure
during her
marriage,,to be used by her after her)
judge /dzadz/
death.
husband's
aperson appointed to be a member eofacourt,
judgment /dgadzmYnt/ the determination by a court of
competen
jurisdiction of a controversy between two n
more persons, which is brought before tho
court by proper procedure.
judicature /'dgu:dikotfY(r)/ the function of administering justice or the
act of judging.
judicial /dzu'd1l/ all acts done under direction of a court, such
as a sale or aseparation.
/judiciary /dgu'd1fori/ the branch of the government which has
judicial power.
jural /dguoral/ relating to law or right.
jurat /dzuaræt/ the statement of the time and place of an
affidavit and of the office before whom it is
SWorn.
juration /dgua're,fYn/ the act of swearing or of administering an
oath.
jurator /dguYretY(r)/ one who swears; a member of Jury.
juridical /dzus'ridikl/ of law or legal proceedings relating to the
dispensation of justice.
jurisdiction /,dzuYris'ikfn/ the power of acourt to render a valid
judgment.
jurisprudence /,dzuYr1s' pru:dns/ the science of law; asystematic study of legal
theory.
one who is versed or skilled in law.
jurist I'dguor1st/
juristic /'dgurist1k/ pertaining to jurisprudence.
juror (or) 'dzuYro(r)/ one who qualified and sworn to try a cause.
juryman /'dguarimYn/ according to the evidence.
jury /'dguYri/ acertain number ofmen sworn to inquire of,
and try a matter of fact,and declare the truth,
upon such evidence as shall be delivered to
them in acause.
justice I'dgast1is/ conformity to some obligatory law.
justiciable /'dzas'tuf1obl/ proper to be examined in courts of justice,
subject to action of court of justice.
justifiable /'dzast1faisbl/ rightful; warranted or sanctioned by law.
justification /,dgast1fi'kerfn/ the giving of good and sufficient or legal
non
reasons for the performance or
performance of an act.
justify 'dsast1fa/ tomake out, or establish according to law,
particularly the sufficiency of bail.
V kidnap /'kIdnæp/ to seize or detain anyone against his will by
force or fraud for the purpose of concealing
or carrying him away,whether the purpose
LEGALTERMS
395
mansWorn /menswIn/ sworn to be a falsehood.
maintenance /'ment•n•ns/ provision of any person with the means of
livelihood such as food, clothes, residence,
etc.
maker /'merkY(r) / one who signs and issues a promissory note.
malefactor
malfeasance
/'/mY'lefisYns/
mæl1fækta(r)/ aperson guilty of acrime.
the commission of an unlawful act; evil doing.
malice /'mæl1s/ the state of mind of a person who
intentionally does awrongful act; the wish to
harm other people.
mandanus /mæn'dYmYs/ a prerogative writ issued by a higher court
directed to some official to do something; we
command.
manslaughter /'mænslY:ta(r)/ the crime committed by the unlawful or
negligent killing of ahuman being
marital /'mærntl/ (or) pertaining to marriage.
/mY'ratl/
matricide /'mætr1sard/ the killing of one's mother.
matrimonial /,mætrr'mauniYl/ of or pertaining to marriage.
/'mæksm/ a proposition expressing some general truth.
haxim dispute
mediate /'mi:diet/ to attempt to reach a compromise in a
between two parties.
/'menasIS/ threats of bodily violence. another.
to move from one place to
menaces

migration /mar'gre,fn/ attained majority and

/'manY(r)/ a person who has not
minor is less than twenty one years of age.
age of twenty one years.
/mar'norYti/ the state of under the person
minority eifn/ to use funds or property entrusted to a
misappropriation /,misY,prupri' in some fiduciary capacity for anypropertypurpose
funds or
except that for whcih the
were intended.
/,m1sb1'hervjY(r)/ any misconduct.
woman.
misbehaviour untimelydeliveryofa to aperson or
/'miskær1dg/ wrongful loss or damage
miscarriage /'mist/f/
nischief property.
punishable by a fine, or by
misdr'mi:nY(r)/ any crime year;punishable
misdemeanour / imprisonmentforless thana
misconduct. essentially
improper performance of an
/mis'f:zYns/ the
misfeasance
lawfulact.
joining ofcausesorparty.
improper designatea person
/m1s'dzandY(r)/ the
the use ofa
wrongname to proceedings.
misjoinder /,ms'nYumY(r)/ orjudicial damages.
documentspunishment
inlegal or criminal
misnomer lessen
to reduceor
a
constitute
/'mtigent/ personsoasto
toannoya immovable
mitigate /mY'lest/ offence. inspecific
holest transfer of property
property securityfora
the of
/'mo:gidg/ property;theform
nortgage
 396
debt or other obligation, in which
retains poSsession of the property;
ENGLI
the debtSHor
to hold it as security for the debt. ;but agrees
mortgagee /,mo:gt' dzi:/ person to whom property is mortgaged.
mortgagor /'mY:g1dzY:(r)/ person who gives amortgage on his property
mulct /malkt/ a fine or penalty.
mulier /'mju:l1Y(r)/ a woman or wife.

mulierty /'mju:l1Yt1/ legitimacy.

multitude /'maltutju:d/ an assemnbly of ten or more persons.
murder /'m3:dY(r)/ killing of human being by another.
mutual 'mju:tfuYl/ reciprocal, involving acts of severalpersons
in relation to each other.
national /'næfnYl/ a person who is a citizen subject of acountry.
nationality I'næfa'nælt1/ the status created by birth or naturalization
which makes a person the member of an
independent political community.
naturalization /nætfrolar'zc1fn/ the act of a foreigner who becomes amember
of a State in accordarnce with rules prescribed
by the State.
naturalize 'næt•rYlaz/ to grant citizenship of a State.
the failure to use the needed care which a
negligence /'negl1dgYns/
responsible man would use.
nisi /'narsa1/ unless.
hotorious /nau'tT:riYs/ things or persons so well-known that they
can be referred to without proof.
/'nYutYri/ an official who has the legal authority to say
notary that documents are correctly signed.
notwithstanding /, notwr0'stænd1n/ in spite of.
nuisance /'nju:sns/ the tort committed by interfering with aperson
in the enjoyment of a common right.
/nal/ tocause to have no effect.
null
/'nalYti/ having no legal value. contract
nullity pertaining toor connected with the
nuptial /'napfl/
of marriage.
/'napllz/ the celebration of marriage.
nuptials to rear or educate achild.
nurture /'n3:tfY(r)/ witness in atrial with
/ou0/ a statement made by a he
oath
an adjuration to the deity to the effect that
will tell the truth.
to his creditor
/au'bler/o/ money which a debtor tenders
oblatio
in paymentof the debt. however created,
1,pbli'gerfn/ a moral duty; a legal duty, become the basis
Gbligation the violation of which may
of an action of law.
representations that shock
/Yb'si:n/ acts or words or modesty.
obscene public ideas of seXual purity or which is not
repealed but
/'obsYli:t/ a law which is not
obsolete enforced.
 LEGALTERMS
397
/'oktrwo:/ a tax on
octroi
city.
commodities brought into a town or
/o'fens/ a violation of law, including all
offence
crimes
misdemeanours as well as every kindandof
/'ofY(r)/ Contravention.
offer the proposal to enter into a contract made by
one person called the offeror to another person
called the offeree.
Vomision /a'm1fn/ a failure to perform an act which is a legal
duty.
onerous /'aUnarYs/ unreasonably burdensome.
outrage /'aotrerdg/ a wrong;the violation of a right.
overdraft /'aUV•dra:ft/ the result of overdrawing an account.
overdraw /,Uva'dro:/ to draw cheques on abank for alarger amount
than the drawer has on deposit there.
overrule /,Ova'ru:l/ toset aside aprevious action or decision.
OWner
/'aona(r) / a person entitled to the privileges and rights
of ownership and subject to its obligations.
gnership /'aonafip/ the group of rights to property which in law
is considered paramount to any rights over
the same property held by those not called
Owners; title.
/pækt/ an agreement; contract.
pact the illicit lover of amarried woman.
paramour /'pæramoa(r) /
/'pa:dn/ the release from the penalties of an offence
pardon committed, granted to a particular person or
alimited group or class of persons.
/'pearant / the natural father or mother of achild.
parent
parenticide /pcorontIsaid/ a person who kills his parent.
/'pærati/ equality with respect to foreign exchange. to
parity the releaseof aperson from prison subject
/pa'rool/ specified conditions and
parole his compliance with
upon the violation of which he may be
recommitted to prison.
to inventor or
'petnt/ the exclusive right granted
use his invention
patent discoverer to make, sell or
or discovery. hereditary rights of
'petrmani/ the entire sum of all the into his
patrimonv person, after it has come
any
possession.
a poorman. keeping
/'popa(r)/ lease or deposit a thing in another'salso sell
pauper to debt and they can
pawn pTn/
as security for amoneyis not paid back within
the article if the
the agreedtime. the
licensed to lend money onhim.
'pT:nbraoka(r)/ a person personalpropertypledged to
pawnbroker once orata
securityofdebts which are dueat
applied to
payable /'persbi/
 398
specified future time. ENGLISH
payee /,per'i:/ the person to whomapromissory note or othex
debt is payable.
payment /'pemYnt/ the return of money by payee.
pecuniary matters pertaining tomoney.
pedigree I'ped1gri:/ descent.
penal /'pi:nl/ pertaining to punishment.
penalty /'penYlti/ the punishment inflicted for the commission
of a crime; the sum which, by contract, is to be
paid, if acontractual obligation is not fulfilled
Vpenance /'penYns/ apunishmernt imposed bya religious superior
as amends for the sin committed.
peremptory /pa'remptYri/ something which removes or takes away an
existing claim or right.
performance /pY'fo:mans/ the doing of an act which is a fulfilment of an
obligation or is accepted as such.
perjury I'p3:dgYri/ violation of a promise made on oath.
pernancy /p3:nYns1/ the act of receiving rents, profits or tithes.
perpetuity /.p3:po'tju:ati/ forever in the same way; a condition of status,
which by arrangement between private
persons, is made to last unchanged for an
excessively long time.
Vperquisite I'p3:kwizt/ anything lawfully acquired by an officer
beyond the salary or wages of hisoffice.
perquisition I'p3:kw'z1Yn/ anything acquired by a holder of land
otherwise than by inheritance.
personal /'p3:sYnl/ belonging to an individual person.
personality /,p3:sY'nælYti/ the status of being a person, natural or
artificial.
personate /'p3:sYnet/ to profess falsely to be a person who has an
interest in litigation or in bail for a prisoner.
pertinent /'p3:tmYnt/ having some legal relation to a statement or
allegation made, or furthering an argument.
petition /pY'tufn/ formal application to a court of law
requesting aparticular legal action for
something that lies in its jurisdiction.
petitioner /pa'tifYnY(r)/ a person who is requesting action from a court
of law.
petty /'peti/ small or trivial or trifling.
plaintiff /'plent1f/ a party who bringsa suit to a court of law.
plea /pli:/ an urgent and emotional request; the formal
answer of the defendant in common law
plead
pleading.
/pli:d/ to make an argumnent in a court of law.
pleader /pli:dY(r) / a barrister or an advocate who argues before
a court.
pleadings /'pli:d1nz/ the successive statements by which litigants
set forth the statements and allegations upon
 400 because of their relations to each
not including persons who have
ENGLIotheSr,H
together.
a benefit orrimmunity conferred by
contract
privilege
/'prvYl1d,/
person or group of persons. lavwoa
relationship between persons
privity
/privt1/
participants in a transaction by who
or interest, or are successively
in
property, as occupants or owners.
knowlteresteedl,
propertycaptured from the enemny at sea
/praiz/
prize the legal process of deciding
probate /'proubet/
person's will document has been
or
i
correctly andthat theeinformation iit made
whether;
iscorrect. contain,
the practice of releasing first offenders
probation /prY'be1n/
have been convicted of a crime, with
swh
specia
regulations of reporting and investigations
as toensure their good behaviour.
/praub/ an inquiry or investigation into irregularit
probe by public officials or others.
/pro'si:dzY(r)/ the rules of law which govern the ordery
Vprocedure administration of justice fronm the institution
of law suit tothe enforcement of judgment.
/prY'fænati/ cursing, swearing.
profanity from ahigher cout
prohibition /,prour'brn/ aprerogative writ issuingcourt to hear a case
forbidding an inferior
which has been brought before the latter, on
the ground of lack of jurisdiction.
/prou'liksYti/ an allegation of superfluous facts.
prolixity act.
promise /'prom1s/ to agree or engage to perform an
promisee 'promisi:/ one to whom apromise is made.
/'promisY(r)/ one who makes a promise.
promisor the official publication of a new law, etc.
promulgation /,proml'gerfn/
/pro'prFkwati/ consanguinity, relationship,near kindred.
propinquity /pra'pauzl/ an offer or invitation to deal a legal right on
proposal
the property.
proprietary /prY'praiatri/ pertaining to aproprietor or owner.
/pro'praiata(r)/ an owner of property.
proprietor person
prosecut /'prosikju:t/ to institute legal proceedings against a
for some offence.
/,pros1'kju:fh/ theconduct of law suit. Sexual
Vprosecution a woman who engagesin
promiscuous
/prostitute I'prostitju:t/
intercourse for payment.
/pru:v/ to establish by legal evidence. agreement
prove
a condition or stipulation, as in an
proviso /pra'varz•U/
or statute.
authorizing the perso
a written instrumnent ofanother
Vproxy /'proksi/ place
to whomit is givento vote in
 LEGAL
TERMS
405
solemnization
'splYmnarz1fYn/ to perform the official
marriage ceremony as
part of a religious ceremony
/sY'l1s1t/ to ask formally for in achurch.
solicit
/sY'lusta(r)/ one who is trainedmoney.
to give
law and sometimes to advice about the
solicitor

Court. represent people n

/'solvYnt,/ having enough money to pay all that one owes
solvent
to other people.
spinster
/'spnstY(r)/ a grown woman who has never been married.
spouse
/spacs/ husband or wife.
squatter
/'skwotY(r)/ a person who, without authority, takes
possession of the land of another.
statement /'stertmYnt/ to express something formally, publicly and
officially to make it clear what your opinion
in; a declaration.
/'stertas/ legal standing or position ofa person; position
status
is a society,profession or the like.
/'stætfu:t/ alaw which has been formally approved and
statute written down.
/'stætfYtri/ created or existing by statute.
L/statutory /ster/ an order by aJudge which stops ajudgment
stay being performed until new information can
be considered.
/sti:l/ to take property feloniously. must be done.
steal
/'st1pjulert/ to state exactly how sonmething
stipulate before ajudge; in litigation.
/.sab'dzud1s/ of the building
subjudice
/,Sab'li:s/ to allow someone to rent apart
someone else.
sub-lease which one is renting from
has complete
/sab'myfn/ the state in which someone for adecision
submission controlovera person or to offer
to be made by others; ayielding.
underpenalty; to order to go to acourtoflaw
/sY'pi:nY/ that must be produced
subpoena to answer questions
in aCourt oflaw. anotherin the place ofthe
/,sabrY'ge,fYn/ the substitutiönof or the creditorofa
subrogation obligee ofan obligation
debt. sum
agreein writingtopayacertain
topay or object, the
on
subscribe /sYb'skraib/ furtherance of a commonnumber of other
in certain
condition that a subscription.
make such a
personsalso than something else with
less important
connected.
/sab's1diari/ whichit is
subsidiary support.
provisions,meansof relatingtothemost
/sYb's1stYns/ andvalue;
subsistence ofimportance
thingsbeing
considered.
thing.
/sYb'stæn/1/ important arnotherpersonor
substantial insteadof
in a public
ora
office
touse in which,
substitute /'SAbst1tju:t/ themanner
/sYk'sefn/
Succession
 406

corporation one officiallor set of ENGLISHtak.

the place of those whose terms iohavefficials
Or who otherwise cease to have expired
position. official
/sYk'sesY(r)/ one who takesthe place which another
SuccesSOr
left. has
Sue /sju:/ or /su:/ bring an action ina court of ]
law or equity.
suffrage /'safrndg/ the right of voting at publicelections.
Suit /su:t/ an action of any kind, whether at law
equity.
summary /'SAmYri / brief; short; with a formal trial or proceeding
Summnon /'SAmYn/ to notify a defendant that an action has ben
commenced against him in which he mav fi
an answer.

Summnons /'SAmYnz/ an official demand to appear in a court of law

suppliant /'sapl1kYnt/ one who presents a petition; a petitione.
/'sju:pra/ above.
supra
surety /foarati/ aperson who accepts a legal responsibility
for another person's debt or appear in a court.
surrender /sa'renda(r)/ to agree to give up and admit defeat.
survivor /sa'varva(r)/ aperson who outlives another person.
suspend /sa'spend/ to stop to be active temporarily.
Suspension /sa'spen•n/ the temporary extinguishment ofa right or of
an estate.

Swear /swea(r)/ to take an oath to tell the truth.

swindle /'swindl/ to cheat anddefraud; to obtain property by
false pretences.
tacit /'tæs1t/ understood without being put into words;
unspoken and implied by silence.
tariff /'tænf/ thecustoms or duties imposed on those who
bring merchandize intoacountry from abroad.
tenable /'tenobl/ that can be defended successfully; that can be
held.
tenanc /'tenansi/ use of land on lease.
ténant /'tenYnt/ a person who pays rent for the use of larnd or
a building
tender /tenda(r)/ the offer to perform an obligation which is
then due.
tenement /'tenamant/ the landed property held by one person of
another.
tenets /'tenitz/ adoctrine, dogma, principle or opinion.
tenor /'tena(r)/ a legal instrument; the general character of
something
tenure /'tenja(r)/ the legal possession of land or tenement.
term 13:1m/ the limit of time in a lease-hold.
terminus '13:minTS limit,term.
testacy testTs1/ the situation created by the presenceofavalid
willof a deceased person.
 LEGALTERMS

Mestament
testamentary /'testYmYnt/ a will.
testate '/'tetestert/
stYmYntYr1/ concerni
the ng last
a will or
407

will.condition of a testament.
person who has left avalid
testator
/tes'teta(r)/ aperson
(male) who dies
and testament.
te'statrix
/tes'tertriks/ a female leavingavalid
person who leavesa valid will
will
/'test1fa1/ testament.
togive evidence
and
under oath or
testimony /'test1mYni/ alegal
the
proceeding, affirmationin
evidence given byawitness under oath or
theft /0eft/ affirmaticonsisting
a crime on in alegalin proceding
the
without legal warrant,intentional taking,
of the personal
property of another with the unlawful
intention to deprive the owner of such
/toft/
property.
Aoft the site on which abuilding formerly stood.
toll /taul/ atax paid for the use and
enjoyment of a
/to:t/
privilege.
ort a civilwrong independent of contract.
tortfeasor /to:tfi:zY(r)/ aperson guilty of atort.
tortuous /'to:tfuas/ relating to or concerning atort.
traffic /'træfik/ an illegal business or activity.
ransact /træn'zækt/ toconduct; to carry out.
transaction /træn'zæktfn/ an act or agreement involving more than one
person and affecting their mutual relations.
transfer /træns'f3:(r)/ to convey property from one person to
another.
/'trænz1t/ the movement of goods or people from one
ansit place to another.
r¥nsmit /træns'mt/ to cause to be conveyed to another person or
place. either by
/ro'v3:s/ to deny an allegation in apleading facts
traverse
directly controverting it, or by setting up
that contradict it.
between two or more
aformal agreement
treaty /'ri:ti/ nations.
of unlawful act or of lawful act in
doing injury of another's
respass /'trespas/ unlawful manner to the
personorproperty. permission
unlawfullyandwithout
onewho anotherperson. with
/'trespasY(r)/ thelandof
goesuponexamination in accordance
trespasser
a judicial ofa
/'trarYl/ law. examine legalproblems
courtto
aspecial more
tribunal /rar'bju:nl/ particulartype. managedbyoneor
and
propertyheld
trust /trAst/
 408
ENGLISH
persons for the benefitss of another or
trustee /tra'sti:/ the owner of the legal title of the trust inothers,
which
some other person has the beneficial o
equitable interest.
ultimatum 1,altr'mertYm/ a communication made by one party to
another which purports to be the last
proposition which will be presented and
which requires an acceptance or rejection
without condition or qualification.
umpire I'ampara(r)/ person chosen toact as a judge in a dispute;
to see that the rules obeyed in cricket and other
games; an arbitrator in an arbitration.
unanimous /ju'næn1mYs/ allagreeing about one particular matter.
Jhdertaking /,AndY'terk1n/ a promise,engagement or stipulation.
undertaker /'AndYteikY(r)/ a person who is contracted to do something
ordinarily in thepublic service.
underwriter /'andYrata(r)/ one who insures against loss or damage to
property, by fire, earthquake and the like.
universal /,ju:n1'v3:sl/ pertaining to all or the whole without any
exception.
Anlawful /an'lT:fl/ that which is not permitted by or is contrary
to law.
unliquidated /an'likwdertid/ damages which cannot generally be
ascertained with certainty.
usufruct /'ju:sjufrakt/ the right toenjoy property vested in another
person.
usurpation /, ju:z3:'pe1fn/ the assumption of a right without alegal right.
children born of the same mother.
uterine /'ju:tYran/
uxor /ak'so:(r)/ wife.
uxoricide /Ak'sozrisard/ the killing of a wife by her husband; a
husband who kills hiswife.
vacant /'veikYnt/ unoccupied.
vacate /vY'kert/ to move out of or cease occupying;to annulor
cancel as to vacate a judgment or court order.
/'veigrant/ a person without visible means of support or
vagrant a settled habitation.

alid /'væl1d/ good or adequate in law; legally binding or

efficacious.
/'væl1d1t1/ legal effectiveness or sufficiency.
validity the method used to ascertain the value
of
valuation /,vælju'efh/
property for the purpose of establishing fair
assessments and to
rates, fair profits, tax
determine the value of real property.
vendee /ven'di:/ a buyer of land.
a seller.
/'vendY(r)/ speaking
yendor /vY'ræsYti/ the quality or character in persons of
veracity or stating the truth.
/'v3:bl/ parol, oral; by word of mouth.
yerbal