1. A.
What is force and mention the characteristic of force with a
neat diagram.(5marks)
B. Define Moment of a force, clockwise moment and anti-clock
wise moment. (5marks) OR
C. Find the magnitude and direction of the coplanar
concurrent force systems shown in fig. (10 marks)
2 A. Define Brittleness, Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, and Stress. (10 marks) OR
B. A mild steel bar of 15mm diameter was subjected to tensile test. The test bar was found to
yield at a load of 90KN and it attains maximum load of 180KN and ultimately fails at a load of
67.5 KN. Determine the following: tensile stress at the yield point, ultimate stress and stress at
the breaking point, if the diameter of the neck is 7.5mm. (10 marks)
3 A. Draw and explain stress levels for Mild steel stress-strain graph. (10 marks) OR
B .The young’s modulus for a given material is 100KN/mm2 and its modulus of rigidity is
40KN/mm2. Determine its bulk modulus and also its lateral contraction if the diameter is 50mm
and length 2m and extension 2mm. (10 marks)
Chapter 1 (Total 10marks)
1. What is force and mention the characteristic of force with a neat diagram. (5marks)
2. Define Engineering Mechanics, Strength of materials, Force system, Resultant force, composition
of force. (10marks)
3. Define Moment of a force, clockwise moment and anti-clock wise moment. (5marks)
4. Write a note on classification of force system. (10marks)
5 PROBLEMS
Chapter 2 (Total 20marks)
1. Define Brittleness, Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, and Stress. (10marks)
2. Define Strain, plasticity, elasticity, fatigue, and toughness (10marks).
3. Draw and explain stress levels for Mild steel stress-strain graph. (10 marks)
4. Define stress. Mention types of stresses (5marks)
5. Define strain. Mention types of strains (5marks)
6. Define Elastic limit, Hooks Law and Elastic modulus. (5marks)
7. Define lateral strain, longitudinal strain and Poisson’s Ratio (5marks)
8. Define Elastic constants with equations (Young’s modulus, Bulk Modulus and Rigidity Modulus).
(10marks)
9. Write the equations relating Young’s modulus, Bulk Modulus and Rigidity Modulus.(5marks)
10. Problems
1ST INTERNAL EMSOM
1. A. What is force and mention the characteristic of force with a neat diagram.(5marks)
Force
A force has been defined as an action of one body on another. Or
Force can be defined as any action that tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of
a body. Or
Force is an external agency tends to produce or destroy motion. It is a vector quantity and its
unit is N.
Characteristics of force
The different characteristics of force systems are
1. The magnitude of the force
2. Point of application of the force
3. Direction
4. Line of action
In fig, the line AB represents line of action, C is the point of application, the angle 40 0
represents its direction and 4 KN represents its magnitude.
B. Define Moment of a force, clockwise moment and anti-clock wise moment. (5marks)
Moment of a force: It is the product of force and perpendicular distance between the line
of action and the point about which the moment is required.
1. Clockwise moment- When the force tends to move in same direction as clock hands
it is known as clockwise moment and it is considered as a positive value (+)
2. Anti Clockwise moment- When the force tends to move in opposite direction to
clock hands it is known as anti clockwise moment and it is considered as a positive
value (-).
OR
C. Find the magnitude and direction of the coplanar concurrent force systems shown in fig. (10
marks)
2. A. Define Brittleness, Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, and Stress. (10 marks)
Brittleness
The ability of materials to exhibit relatively a small extension before fracture takes place.
For example glass and cast iron. There is little or no necking at fracture for brittle materials.
Hardness
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist indentation(mark) or surface abrasion.
Malleability
Materials ability to be hammered out into thin sheets, such as lead, is called malleability.
Ductility
Ductility is the characteristic which permits a material to be drawn out longitudinally to a reduced
section, under the action of a tensile force.
STRESS
Stress is an internal resistance offered by a unit area of the material, from which a member is made,
to an externally applied load.
Alternatively, the force per unit area or intensity of the forces distributed over a given section is
called the stress on that section. The resistance of material or the internal force acting on a unit area
may act in any direction.
OR
B. A mild steel bar of 15mm diameter was subjected to tensile test. The test bar was found to
yield at a load of 90KN and it attains maximum load of 180KN and ultimately fails at a load of
67.5 KN. Determine the following: tensile stress at the yield point, ultimate stress and stress at
the breaking point, if the diameter of the neck is 7.5mm. (10 marks)
Solution:
Given Data:
Initial diameter (d) = 15mm, Yield load=90KN=90x103N, Ultimate load= 180KN=180x103N,
Breaking load = 67.5 KN= 67.5 x103N, Final diameter (d1) =7.5mm
To find. i) Yield stress ii) Ultimate stress iii) Breaking stress
Original cross-sectional area= A =πd2/4 = (πx152)/4=176.7 mm2
(i)Yield stress( σy) = Yield load/ Original area of cross-section
σy=90x103/176.7=509.3N/ mm2
(ii) Ultimate stress (σu) = Ultimate load / Original area of cross-section.
σu=180x103/176.7=1018.61 N/ mm2
(iii) Breaking stress (σb) = Breaking load / Original area of cross section
σb=67.5 x103/176.7= 381.98 N/ mm2
3. A. Draw and explain stress levels for Mild steel stress-strain graph. (10 marks)
A typical stress strain diagram for mild steel is as shown in Figure.
Stress Levels
1. Yield stress or Nominal stress – It is the ratio of the yield load to the original area of
cross section of test specimen.
2. Working Stress – The maximum stress(load) to which a member is likely to be
subjected during its working period is called the working stress.
3. Ultimate Stress – The maximum load to which a bar is subjected to in a test divided
by its original cross sectional area gives a nominal stress which is known as Ultimate
stress.
4. Breaking Stress – The stress corresponds to fracture (Breaking) load is called
Breaking Stress.
OR
The young’s modulus for a given material is 100KN/mm2 and its modulus of rigidity is
40KN/mm2. Determine its bulk modulus and also its lateral contraction if the diameter is 50mm
and length 2m and extension 2mm. (10 marks)
Solution:
Given data:
E=100KN/mm2, C=40 KN/mm2, d=50mm, L=2m=2000mm, =2mm
To find : i) Bulk modulus(K) ii)Lateral contraction(d)
We know that,
E=2C (1+μ) or E=2C(1+1/m)
100x103=2x40x103(1+ μ)
μ= 0.25
Also we know that,
E=3K (1-2 μ)
By substituting,
100x103=3K(1-2x0.25)
K=66.66KN/mm2
Linear strain(ϵ) = L/L
= 2/2000=0.001
Poisson’s ratio (μ) = Lateral strain/Longitudinal strain (ϵ)
0.25 = Lateral strain/0.001
Lateral strain (ϵd)= .25x.001=0.00025
ϵd =d/d
d= ϵd x d
= 0.00025 x 50 = 0.0125mm
