End of Unit Test
SC8 Higher
Name Class Date
1 Acids react with some compounds and metals.
a A reaction occurs when solid copper carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid.
Describe what would be seen during this reaction.
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(2)
b Some granules of zinc are placed in dilute sulfuric acid.
A reaction occurs, forming zinc sulfate solution and hydrogen gas.
i Complete the balanced equation by adding the missing formula and state symbol.
Zn(s) + H2 SO4 (aq) __________(aq) H2 _____
(2)
ii Describe the test for hydrogen.
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(2)
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
2 There are general rules that describe the solubilities of different types of salt in water.
a Complete Figure 1 by placing one tick in each row to show if the salt is soluble or insoluble.
Salt Soluble Insoluble
sodium nitrate
silver chloride
ammonium hydroxide
Figure 1
(2)
b Predict which two solutions from the box will form a precipitate when mixed together.
ammonium nitrate copper sulfate potassium chloride sodium carbonate
Solution 1: _________________________________________________________________________
Solution 2: _________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)
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SC8 Higher
3 Figure 2 shows a student’s notes on making copper sulfate crystals.
Making copper sulfate crystals
Step 1: Measure out 20 cm3
of sulfuric acid solution.
Step 2: Add the black powder
until no more will dissolve.
Step 3: Remove the excess
black powder by filtration.
Step 4: …
Figure 2
a Name one suitable black oxide to use in Step 2.
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(1)
b Give a reason why the black oxide was added in excess in Step 2.
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(1)
c Give an instruction for Step 4 that explains how to produce crystals of copper sulfate after Step 3.
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(2)
(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)
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End of Unit Test
SC8 Higher
4 Two students investigated the pH changes when hydrochloric acid is added to calcium hydroxide solution.
The students added 100 cm3 of calcium hydroxide solution to a beaker.
They then added dilute hydrochloric acid 5 cm3 at a time, stirred the mixture, then measured its pH.
Figure 3 shows the student’s results.
Volume of hydrochloric
pH of the mixture
acid added (cm3)
0 10.9
5 10.8
10 10.6
15 10.2
20 9.5
25 7.6
30 6.4
35 5.7
40 5.0
Figure 3
a State and explain the volume of acid needed to produce a neutral solution in this experiment.
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(2)
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End of Unit Test
SC8 Higher
b Figure 4 shows apparatus that can be used to find the volume of hydrochloric acid solution required to
exactly neutralise 20 cm3 of dilute sodium carbonate solution.
burette
10
20
30
hydrochloric acid
solution
40
50
conical flask
sodium carbonate
solution and indicator
white tile
Figure 4
Describe how a pH meter could be used to find the exact volume of acid required to completely react
with the sodium carbonate solution.
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(3)
(Total for Question 4 = 5 marks)
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SC8 Higher
5 Acid rain can cause damage to the environment in many ways.
Industrial processes have increasingly contributed to the acidity of rain water.
Acid rain contains sulfuric acid.
a Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and iron to form iron(II)
sulfate and hydrogen gas.
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(2)
b The lowest recorded pH for rain water in the USA was below pH 2.
Although rain water is naturally acidic, it should have a pH of at least pH 5.
How many times greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution of pH 2 compared to a
solution of pH 5?
Tick one box.
A 3
B 30
C 100
D 1000
(1)
(Total for Question 5 = 3 marks)
6 When silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution, a white precipitate of silver chloride forms.
a Give the formulae of the spectator ions in the reaction mixture.
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(1)
b Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs. Include state symbols.
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(2)
(Total for Question 6 = 3 marks)
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End of Unit Test
SC8 Higher
7 Some metals react with dilute acids to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
a Magnesium metal reacts with sulfuric acid.
Which of the following is the correct balanced ionic equation for the reaction?
Tick one box.
A Mg(s) + 2H (aq) Mg (aq) H2 (g)
B Mg(s) + 2H (aq) Mg2 (aq) H2 (g)
C Mg(aq) + 2H (aq) Mg (aq) H2 (g)
D Mg(aq) + 2H (aq) Mg2 (aq) H2 (g)
(1)
b The half equation to show what happens to the hydrogen ions is:
2H (aq) 2e H2 (g)
Explain whether this is oxidation, reduction or neither.
Give your answer in terms of electrons.
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(2)
(Total for Question 7 = 3 marks)
8 Figure 5 shows the colours of four common indicators at different pH values.
Colour at pH values over which Colour at
Indicator
low pH values colour changes high pH values
phenol red yellow 6.4–8.0 pink
phenolphthalein colourless 8.3–10 pink
bromothymol blue yellow 6.0–7.6 blue
methyl orange red 3.1–4.4 yellow
Figure 5
a A solution of ammonium chloride has a pH of 5.2.
Deduce the colour of methyl orange in this solution.
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(1)
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SC8 Higher
b Dilute hydrochloric acid has a pH of 3.
Explain why phenolphthalein is the same colour in this acid as it is in pure water.
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(2)
c Sodium hydroxide solution is added gradually to 25.0 cm3 of dilute ethanoic acid.
Figure 6 shows how the pH changes during this titration.
14
12
10
8
pH
6
0
0 10 20 30 40
volume of sodium hydroxide solution (cm3)
Figure 6
The end-point of the reaction is when all the acid has reacted.
There is a sharp change in the pH at this end-point.
i The pH changes suddenly when 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide is added to the ethanoic acid.
Give the pH at the start and end of this section of the graph.
pH at the start of this section: _______________________
pH at the end of this section: ________________________
(2)
ii Deduce which indicator from Figure 5 will completely change colour within the pH change at the
end-point of this titration.
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(1)
(Total for Question 8 = 6 marks)
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End of Unit Test
SC8 Higher
9 A group of students investigated the reaction of magnesium metal with different acids.
● First, they added a piece of magnesium to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) and
noted how long it took for 100 cm3 of hydrogen gas to be produced.
● Then they repeated the experiment using a concentrated solution of ethanoic acid (a weak acid).
The amount of metal and the volume of acid was the same in both reactions.
The students found that the reactions took the same amount of time to produce 100 cm3 of gas.
Explain how the reaction times could be the same for the different acids.
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(6)
(Total for Question 9 = 6 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 40 MARKS
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