HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part II Microscopic world I

Chemistry: Chapter 8 Chemical bonding: covalent bonding

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 8 Chemical bonding: covalent bonding

Multiple-choice questions

Section 8.1
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Which of the following substances consist of molecules?
(1) Water
(2) Ammonium nitrate
(3) Carbon monoxide
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Ammonium nitrate is an ionic compound containing NH4+ and NO3 ions.##

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Which of the following pairs of molecules has the same atomicity?
A. CH4 and NCl3
B. CO2 and BF3
C. HCl and O3
D. NO2 and Cl2O

##D Both NO2 and Cl2O has three atoms in their molecules.##

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Which of the following statements concerning neon are correct?
(1) Neon is used in advertising signs.
(2) Neon exists as monoatomic molecules.
(3) An neon atom has a duplet structure.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A There are eight electrons in the outermost shell of a neon atom.##

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Section 8.2
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Which of the following statements about bromine at room conditions is
INCORRECT?
A. It exists as diatomic molecules.
B. It is a liquid.
C. It is dark red in colour.
D. Double covalent bond exists within the molecule.

##D Each bromine atom shares one electron to attain an octet structure. The molecule
is diatomic and contains a single covalent bond only.##

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Which of the following compounds consists of covalent bond only?
A. NH4Cl
B. CO2
C. NaOH
D. K2CO3

##B CO2 consists of two C=O covalent bonds whereas NH4Cl, NaOH and K2CO3
consist of both ionic and covalent bonds.##

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Which of the following compounds consists of double covalent bond?
A. CS2
B. H2O
C. HCl
D. N2

##A CS2 consists of two C=S double covalent bonds. H2O consists of two OH single
covalent bonds. HCl consists of one HCl single covalent bond. N2 consists of one
NN triple covalent bond.##

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Which of the following statements concerning oxygen are correct?
(1) It reacts with lithium to form an ionic compound.
(2) It reacts with sulphur to form a covalent compound.

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(3) It exists as diatomic molecules.

A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

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The table below shows the electronic arrangements of four atoms.

Atom Electronic arrangement

P 2, 5
Q 2, 6
R 2, 7
S 2, 8

Which of the following atoms is the most probable to form a single bond in the
molecule of its element?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S

##C Atom R has seven outermost shell electrons. It can share one outermost shell
electron with another atom R to attain an octet structure.##

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Which of the following combinations can give a covalent compound?
A. Group II element + Group VII element
B. Group VI element + Group VII element
C. Group I element + Group 0 element
D. Group VI element + Group 0 element

##B Group VI and VII elements are non-metals. They combine to attain an octet
structure by sharing of electrons. Hence, a covalent bond forms.##

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The following diagram is the electron diagram of the compound formed between
elements X and Y (showing electrons in the outermost shell only):

Which of the following combinations is correct?

Element X Element Y
A. Group IV Group VII
B. Group V Group VII
C. Group I Group VI
D. Group IV Group VI

##A##

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Element X is in Group V and exists as molecules, X2. Which of the following
diagrams correctly shows the electronic structure of an X2 molecule?
A.

B.

C.

D.


##D An X atom has five outermost shell electrons. Hence, an X atom shares three
outermost shell electrons with another X atom to form a stable X2 molecule.##

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Which of the following best describes covalent bonding?

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A. It is an attractive force between shared electrons and the two nuclei of the
bonded atoms.
B. It is an attractive force between lone pair electrons and the nuclei of
hydrogen atoms.
C. It is an attractive force between cations and anions.
D. It is an attractive force between cations and delocalized electrons.

##A##

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Which of the following statements about covalent bond are correct?
(1) It forms by the sharing of electrons between the bonded atoms.
(2) It is non-directional.
(3) It is a type of electrostatic attraction.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Covalent bonds are strong directional electrostatic attraction.##

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X and Y are two elements of different periods in the Periodic Table. The electron
diagram of a compound formed between X and Y is shown below. (Only electrons in
the outermost shells are shown.)

Which of the following is the most probable combinations of X and Y?

X Y
A. Sulphur Silicon
B. Sulphur Carbon
C. Oxygen Sulphur
D. Oxygen Carbon

##B From the electron diagram, an X atom contains six outermost shell electrons
while a Y atom contains four outermost shell electrons. Sulphur and silicon are both

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Period 3 elements, while carbon and oxygen are both Period 2 elements. Thus, options
(A) and (D) are incorrect.##

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Which of the following molecules has the least number of lone pair of electrons?
A. Oxygen
B. Chlorine
C. Water
D. Ammonia

##D The electron diagrams of oxygen, chlorine, water and ammonia are as follows:

, , , ##

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The electron diagram of a compound formed between elements A, B and C is as
follows:

Which of the following combinations is correct?

A B C
A Si O Cl
B S O H
C C O H
D C S F

##C A and B belong to Group IV and Group VI respectively. C is hydrogen.##

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Which of the following substances has the same number of electrons as a water
molecule?

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A. Neon
B. Fluorine
C. Lithium oxide
D. Sodium chloride

##A Water molecule (H2O) contains 10 electrons.##

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Which of the following statements about a hydrogen sulphide molecule is/are correct?
(1) Each hydrogen atom shares one bonding electron in the molecule.
(2) The total number of electrons in the molecule is 8.
(3) Covalent bond is present in the molecule.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C The electronic arrangement of sulphur is 2, 8, 6. Together with the two electrons
from the two hydrogen atom, the total number of electrons in the molecule (H2S)
should be 18.##

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The electronic structure of a compound formed between an element L and bromine is
shown below (only electrons in the outermost shells are shown):

What would be the formula of the compound formed between L and calcium?
A. CaL
B. Ca2L
C. CaL2
D. Ca3L2

##A L forms two single covalent bonds with two bromine atoms so L is a Group VI
element.##

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An element R exists as molecules. The atomic number of R is 9 and a molecule of R
has a formula of R2. Which of the following can represent the electron diagram of R2?

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A.

B.

C.

D.


##C The electronic arrangement of R is 2, 7. Hence, R is a Group VII element and it
shares one electron when forming molecules.##

Section 8.3
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The electron diagram (showing electrons in the outermost shells only) of the ion
formed by elements X and Y is shown below:

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT?

(1) There are five electrons in the outermost shell of an atom X.
(2) There is one lone pair of electrons in the ion.
(3) There is one electron in the outermost shell of an atom Y.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B##

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Which of the following species possess dative covalent bond?

(1) H3O+
(2) NH4+
(3) CO
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

+ +
##D The electron diagram of H3O , NH4 and CO are shown below:

, , ##

Sections 8.48.6
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An element X forms an anion X3 with 10 electrons. When two atoms of X form a
molecule, which of the following statements about the molecule is INCORRECT?
A. There are 14 electrons in the molecule.
B. Triple covalent bond forms between the atoms.
C. There is one lone pair of electrons in the molecule.
D. The relative molecular mass of the molecule is 28.

##C A X atom has seven electrons. X is nitrogen and there are two lone pairs of
electrons in the molecule.##

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A compound, MxNy, forms from elements M and N. The atomic numbers of M and N
are 6 and 8 respectively. Which of the following combinations is correct?
x y Nature of bonding
A. 1 2 Ionic
B. 1 2 Covalent
C. 2 1 Ionic
D. 2 1 Covalent

##B Both M and N are non-metals and so they form covalent bonds. M has four

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outermost shell electrons and N has six outermost shell electrons. The chemical
formula of the compound is MN2.##

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Elements X and Y belong to Group V and VII respectively in the Periodic Table.
Which of the following combinations about the compound they form is correct?
Chemical formula Type of bonding
A. X3Y Ionic
B. XY3 Covalent
C. X3Y Covalent
D. XY3 Ionic

##B X and Y are non-metals and so they form covalent bonds. To form bonds, an X
atom needs three more outermost shell electrons while a Y atom needs one only.
Hence, one X atom shares electrons with three Y atoms. The compound formed has a
formula of XY3.##

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Which of the following combinations about the molecular formula and the relative
molecular mass of sulphur trioxide is correct?
Molecular formula Relative molecular mass
A. SO2 64.1
B. SO2 64.1 g
C. SO3 80.1
D. SO3 80.1 g

##C The relative molecular mass of sulphur trioxide (SO3) = 32.1 + 16.0 × 3 =
80.1##

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Which of the following statements about ionic bond and covalent bond is/are correct?
(1) Both of them are electrostatic attraction.
(2) Both of them are non-directional.
(3) The formation of both type of bonds involves the transfer of electrons.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only

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D. (2) and (3) only


##A Covalent bonds are directional. The formation of covalent bond does not involve
the transfer of electrons. It involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.##

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