drt) Nonfiction seat ne Nim aeee eee ee eee eee ee ee : Read to Find Out Why do animals become extinct? ®. / wee ee eee ee | Photo Credits All Photographs are by Macmillan/MeGraw- Hill (MMH) except as noted below COV: Jonathan Blair/Corbis. 2-3: The Art Archive/Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs Paris/Daali Orti. 4: Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis. 5; Jonathan Blair/Corbis. 6: Annebicque Bernard/Corbis Syama. 8: Wolfgang Kaehler/ Corbis. 9: Chris Hellier/Corbis.10-I: AFP/Getty Images. I2: Diego Lezama Orezzoli/Corbis. 12: BIOS/Peter Arnold, Inc. I3: BIOS/Peter Arnold, Inc. It: John Giustina/Getty Images Illustration Credits 7, I: Joe LeMonnier Macmillan McGraw-Hill Published by Macmillan/McGraw-1 I, of McGraw-| STRATEGIES & SKILLS AT A GLANCE Comprehension * Strategy: Monitor Comprehension: Adjust Reading Rate * Skill: Summarize Vocabulary * ancient, confirm, hopeful, unable, valid Vocabulary Strategy * Word Parts: Suffixes and Prefixes Phonics * digraphs /ch/ch; /sh/sh; /th/th; fwh/wh- CONTENT-AREA VOCABULARY Words related to animal life (see glossary) NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS Science * History and the Nature of Sciences **Word count: 477 Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York |0I2I. Copyright © by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication eval vate pr enced of The Neo learning Printed in the United States of America 23456789 BSF I0 09 08 07 06 may be reproduced or distibured in ony form or by any means, or stored in a database or el compas, **The total word count is based an words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.by Keiko Hirami Table of Contents Chapter | Animals of the Past Chapter 2 The Woolly Mammoth Chapter 3 Chapter 4 The Tasmanian Tiger Chapter 5 Save Animals Today Glossary/Index Comprehension CheckChapter | Animals of the Past Have you ever seen a living dinosaur? Of course not! Dinosaurs are extinct. They no longer exist. All of the dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago. No one really knows why. Some scientists think it was because Earth’s climate changed.Many other animals are also extinct. Some became extinct in ancient times. Others became extinct less than 100 years ago. Let’s learn about some of them. ¢ Dinosaurs are the biggest animals that have ever lived on land.Chapter 2 The Woolly Mammoth The woolly mammoth looked like an elephant. But woolly mammoths were even bigger! Like elephants, woolly mammoths had tusks and a trunk. Unlike elephants, they had long, shaggy hair all over their bodies.Woolly mammoths lived during the Ice Age. Their long hair kept them warm. They used their tusks to scrape ice and snow off plants they ate. Prehistoric people hunted mammoths for food. They also used their bones to make huts, tools, and jewelry.@ Prehistoric people painted pictures of mammoths on cave walls. You can still see them today. Woolly mammoths became extinct around 10,000 years ago. This may have happened because Earth’s climate changed. Scientists believe another valid theory is that too many people were hunting woolly mammoths.Chapter 3 The Dodo Have you ever heard the saying, “Dead as a dodo”? People say this because the dodo is extinct. Dodos were big birds that lived on the island of Mauritius (WAW-rish-uhs). They became extinct more than 400 years ago. © Dodos used to live on Mauritius. ALIA SEYCHELLES Mahé sland INDIAN OCEANDodos had large legs, short wings, and very big beaks. Each one was the size of a large turkey. Dodos laid their eggs on the ground. Dodos were unable to fly or run. This made them very easy to catch. People who landed on Mauritius killed dodos for food.@ The only dodos we can see today are models in museums. But hungry people were only part of the problem. In l644, people brought cats, dogs, and pigs to Mauritius. These animals ate the dodos and their eggs. By 1690, less than 50 years later, the dodo bird was extinct.Chapter 4 The Tasmanian Tiger The animal nicknamed the Tasmanian tiger had stripes like a tiger, but it was not a tiger. Its real name was thylacine (THY-luh-seen), and it looked a bit like a dog. © This thylacine model can be seen at the Australian Museum in Sydney, Australia.AUSTRALIA Antarctica Northern Territ: ereery queensland Westen AUSTRALIA Australia South Australia New South Wales Victoria TasmaniaThousands of years ago thylacines lived all over Australia. Then wild dogs called dingoes took over the thylacines’ habitat. Thylacines soon died out in Australia. There were no dingoes on the island of Tasmania. So thylacines survived there for many more years. A dingo is a wild dog that is still found in Australia. It hunts many other wild animals. >@ This photograph shows the last living thylacine at a zoo in Tasmania. But then people began to cut down trees and plants where thylacines lived. They also hunted them because they were worried that thylacines were killing farm animals. The last thylacine died in Tasmania in 1936. That is less than 100 years ago.Chapter 5 Save Animals Today Scientists confirm that more animals may soon be extinct. And once animals are extinct, they are gone forever. Still, some scientists are hopeful. They believe that if we care for our land, water, and animals in the wild, all living creatures will have a better chance at life.Glossary climate (KLIGH-mit) the average weather conditions of a region throughout the year (page 2) extinct (ek-STINGKT) no longer existing (page 2) habitat (HAB-i-tat) the place where a plant or animal naturally lives and grows (page 1/2) prehistoric (pree-his-TAWR-ik) a time before people started writing history (page 5) theory (THEE-uh-ree) ideas that explain why or how something happens (page 6) Index dingo, /2 Tasmanian tiger (thylacine), /0-/3 dinosaur, 2-3 woolly mammoth, 4-6 dodo, 7-9 Mauritius, 7-9Comprehension Check Retell Use the photos to help you retell the information in this book. Think and Compare Il. Turn to page 5. Why did people hunt woolly mammoths? (Summarize) 2. Which animal in this book would you most like to see come back to life? Explain. (Evaluate) 3. How can people help protect wild animals and the places in which they live? (Synthesize)eee eee ee eee eee ee ee : Read to Find Out Why do animals become extinct? ®. / wee ee eee ee | Photo Credits All Photographs are by Macmillan/MeGraw- Hill (MMH) except as noted below COV: Jonathan Blair/Corbis. 2-3: The Art Archive/Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs Paris/Daali Orti. 4: Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis. 5; Jonathan Blair/Corbis. 6: Annebicque Bernard/Corbis Syama. 8: Wolfgang Kaehler/ Corbis. 9: Chris Hellier/Corbis.10-I: AFP/Getty Images. I2: Diego Lezama Orezzoli/Corbis. 12: BIOS/Peter Arnold, Inc. I3: BIOS/Peter Arnold, Inc. It: John Giustina/Getty Images Illustration Credits 7, I: Joe LeMonnier Macmillan McGraw-Hill Published by Macmillan/McGraw-1 I, of McGraw-| STRATEGIES & SKILLS AT A GLANCE Comprehension * Strategy: Monitor Comprehension: Adjust Reading Rate * Skill: Summarize Vocabulary * ancient, confirm, hopeful, unable, valid Vocabulary Strategy * Word Parts: Suffixes and Prefixes Phonics * digraphs /ch/ch; /sh/sh; /th/th; fwh/wh- CONTENT-AREA VOCABULARY Words related to animal life (see glossary) NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS Science * History and the Nature of Sciences **Word count: 477 Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York |0I2I. Copyright © by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication eval vate pr enced of The Neo learning Printed in the United States of America 23456789 BSF I0 09 08 07 06 may be reproduced or distibured in ony form or by any means, or stored in a database or el compas, **The total word count is based an words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.2.3 Week3 Sq) Macmillan ri! McGraw-Hill