Sir Mark Anthony T.
Galan PHILOSOPHY
What is Philosophy?
Teacher: Juan, what would you like to be when you grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I would like to be happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not answer my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not understand what life is all about!
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Is love worth giving
up everything?
BY NATURE, HUMAN
BEINGS ARE INQUISITIVE.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
THINK
1. Flash floods in remote village kill a hundred
people.
2. Abused child kept chained in basement for
five years finally rescued.
3. Man sentenced to ten years for stealing milk
to feed his baby.
4. Lottery winner donates half of winnings to
local orphanage.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
What is Philosophy?
• The word philosophy comes from two Greek words:
philos (love) and sophia (wisdom). The Greeks used
this term to refer to “love of wisdom”.
• Philosophers- people who engaged in philosophy or
“lovers of wisdom”.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
What is Philosophy?
• It is the study or discipline that uses human reason
to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Why is there a need to
philosophize?
• We all have the potential to philosophize.
Why?
• Plato- sense of wonder
• Rene Descartes- to doubt
• Karl Jaspers- because of experience
• Finally, it is driven by our love for wisdom!
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Why is there a need to
philosophize?
The need to philosophize is traced to man’s
sense of wonder and doubt, the need to make
sense of challenging experiences, and the love
for wisdom.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Characteristics of Philosophy
as an analysis as an as a discipline
of frameworks examination of
knowledge
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy as a way of analyzing
frameworks
• Framework – is defined as a way of thinking about
the world and is composed of the views and beliefs
of a person.
• Internal questions – questions dealing with our own
correctness and values.
• External questions – it seeks to question the very
frameworks upon which people base their own
beliefs and views.
“FAMILY”
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy as an examination of
a particular area of knowledge
• Examination and questioning – the central
principle of philosophy.
• It goes hand in hand with other disciplines
- philosophy of science
- philosophy of religion
- philosophy of education
- political philosophy
- philosophy of history
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy as a discipline
• Aesthetics – explores the nature and appreciation
of art, beauty, and taste.
• Logic – deals with correct reasoning.
• Epistemology – studies the nature of knowledge
and the rationality of belief.
• Ethics – concerns the matter of “value/morality”
• Metaphysics – deals questions regarding reality and
existence.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
However complex and varied the perceptions, they
suggest two important facts about philosophizing:
philosophy is a reflective and meditative activity.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Pythagoras
(570 BCE – 495 BCE)
• First person to name himself a
philosopher or lover of wisdom
• Pythagoreanism
• Known for his Pythagorean Theorem
in Geometry
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Heraclitus
(535 BCE – 475 BCE)
• Proposed that everything that exists
is based on a higher order/plan which
he called logos.
• “No man ever steps in the same river
twice.” - Change is a permanent
aspect of the human condition.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Socrates
(470 BCE – 399 BCE)
• Considered as the foremost
philosopher of ancient times.
• Known for his Socratic Method
• “All human beings desire the good.”
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Plato
(427 BCE – 347 BCE)
• Founder of the Academy of Athens
• Known for his Theory of Forms and
Dialectic Method
• “The soul is immortal, even the
physical ceased to exist.”
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Aristotle
(384 BCE – 322 BCE)
• Disagreed with Plato’s theory of forms
• Known for his Deductive Reasoning in
logic
• “The soul is immortal, even the
physical ceased to exist.”
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Rene Descartes
• Dubito ergo cogito, cogito ergo sum
• Believed that the mind and body is
distinct but closely joined.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Karl Jaspers
• Coined the term “Existenzphilosophie”
or Philosophy of Existence
• Has a negative view of technology. He
states that technology alienates humans
from themselves.
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
HOLISTIC and PARTIAL
THINKING
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
Thank you so much!
Sir Mark Anthony T. Galan PHILOSOPHY
